Imfundo:, Imfundo yesikolo kunye nezikolo
Ukulungiswa kwexesha ngesiNgesi
NgesiNgesi kukho isakhiwo segrama esibizwa ngokulandelelana, okanye ixesha lexesha. Ukuba isingqinisiso sifakwe kwisigxina esinqununu sesivakalisi kwithuba elidlulileyo (ikakhulukazi kwixesha elidlulileyo), oku kuya kubandakanya utshintsho kwiifom zezenzi zecandelwana eliphantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuguquka okunjalo kwenzeka xa kuyimfuneko ukuguqula intetho ngqo kwiintetho ezingathe ngqo.
Ukulungelelaniswa kwexesha: itafile kunye nemithetho
Kwiimeko apho inxalenye ebalulekileyo yesivakalisi esakhiweyo iqulethe isiqendu kwixesha langoku okanye elizayo, isenzi kwisigatshana asikhawulelwanga kuyo nayiphi na imigaqo kwaye ingavela kuyo nayiphina ifom yexesha elifunayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kwisivakalisi esiphezulu isenzo esisebenza njengesigidimi sifakwa kwenye yexesha elidlulileyo, inxalenye yesibini idinga utshintsho kwinkqubo ethile. NgesiRashiya, le nto ayikho. Le ngenye yezinto ezininzi zegrammatical iNgesi (ukulungelelanisa ixesha). Itheyibhile inceda ukubona umehluko.
| Intetho ngqo | Intetho engathe ngqo | ||
| Amaxesha eqela langoku (elikhoyo) | |||
Ngethuba elingapheliyo (Elula) | U-Angela wathi: "Ndiyasebenza kuyo." UAll wathi: "Ndisebenza kule nto." (Rhoqo, rhoqo okanye ngamanye amaxesha, ngezikhathi ezithile) | Ixesha elidlulileyo (Elula) | U-Anglela uthe usebenze kuyo. UAll wathi usebenze (wasebenza) kule nto. |
Okuqhubekayo (Eqhubekayo) | UCecilia wasitshela: "Ndisebenza kule mzuzu". UCecilia wasitshela: "Ndisebenza ngethuba." | Okudlulileyo (Inkqubela) | UCecilia wasitshela ukuba wayesebenza ngaloo mzuzu. UCecilia wasitshela ukuba wayexakekile (esebenza) kuloo mzuzu. |
| Epheleleyo | Sasicinga ukuba: "UMary uye wasebenza kakuhle namhlanje". Sasicinga, "UMariya wenza umsebenzi omkhulu namhlanje." (Ngoku ke umphumo ubonakala) | Okudlulileyo | Sasicinga ukuba uMary wayesebenze kakuhle ngaloo mini. Sasicinga ukuba uMariya wenza umsebenzi omhle ngaloo mini. |
Ngethuba elipheleleyo | UCamilla ukhononda: "Ndisebenze iiyure ezintlanu kunye. UCamilla ukhononda: "Ndiyasebenza ngokukhawuleza iiyure ezintlanu." | Okudlulileyo | UCamilla wagxeka ukuba usebenze iiyure ezintlanu kunye. UCamilla wakhalaza ukuba wasebenza iiyure ezintlanu ngokulandelana. |
| Ixesha leqela elidlulileyo (elidlulileyo) | |||
| Ixesha elidlulileyo (Elula) | UClara wasebenza ekhaya. UClara wasebenza ekhaya. | Okudlulileyo | Sifumene ukuba uClara wayesebenze ekhaya. Safunda ukuba uClara wasebenza ekhaya. |
| Okudlulileyo (Inkqubela) | Uyazi: "UDaria wayesebenza apha izolo". Uyazi: "UDaria wasebenza apha izolo." | Okudlulileyo | Wayeyazi ukuba uDaria wayekade esebenza apho kusuku oludlulileyo. Wayeyazi ukuba uDaria wasebenza apho imini yangaphambili. |
| Okudlulileyo | UMaria wathi: "Ndandisebenza kakuhle". UMaria wathi: "Ndasebenza kakuhle." | Okudlulileyo | UMaria wayeqinisekile ukuba wayesebenze kakuhle. UMaria wayeqinisekile ukuba wayesebenza kakuhle. |
Okudlulileyo | UDiana wathi: "Ndandisebenza kule projekthi iminyaka emibini". UDiana wasitshela: "Ndasebenza kule projekthi iminyaka emibini." | Okudlulileyo | Kwaye kwaziwa ukuba wayesebenza kule projekthi iminyaka emibini. Kwaziwa ukuba iDiana wasebenza kule projekthi iminyaka emibini. |
| Ixesha Elizayo Iqela (elizayo) | |||
| Ikusasa elingapheliyo | UBen wathi: "Ndiya kusebenza kuyo" UBen wathi, "Ndiya kusebenza kule nto." | Kwixesha elidlulileyo (elilula) | UBen wathembisa ukuba uya kusebenza kuloo nto. UBen wathembisa ukuba uya kusebenza kuyo. |
| Ixesha elizayo | Bathi kum: "Uya kusebenza". Bandixelela: "Kuya kusebenza." | Ixesha elizayo Kwixesha elidlulileyo | Ndaxelelwa ukuba mhlawumbi uya kusebenza. Ndixelelwe ukuba kuya kusebenza kakhulu. |
| Ikamva eligqibeleleyo | Wayecinga ukuba: "Ndiza kufuneka ndiguqulele le ncwadi ngeCawa". Wayecinga ukuba: "Ndiya kuguqula le ncwadi ngeCawa." | Ixesha elizayo Kwixesha elidlulileyo | Wayecinga ukuba uya kuguqulelwa ngeCawa. Wayecinga ukuba uya kuguqulela le ncwadi ngeCawa. |
Ikamva eligqibeleleyo | Ngomso uYohane uza kufunda nokuguqulela ezi ncwadi ngeenyanga ezimbini. Ngomso kuya kuba ziinyanga ezimbini, njengoko uYohane efunda ezi ncwadi kwaye enze inguqulelo. | Ixesha elizayo eligqibeleleyo kwixesha elidlulileyo | Sazi ukuba ngomso, uYohane wayeya kufunda nokuguqulela ezo ncwadi ngeenyanga ezimbini. Sazi ukuba ngomso kuya kuba ziinyanga ezimbini kuba uJohane ufunda kwaye uguqule ezi ncwadi (ezo). |
Izaziso kunye nezivakalisi
Kwimeko yeenguqu ezinxulumene nokutshintshela kwintetho engachangekanga, utshintsho lwenzeka nje kuphela kwiifom zegrama, kodwa nakwamanye amagama ahambelanayo: izihlomelo zexesha kunye nezivakalisi.
- Wathi: "Ndiyayithanda impompo eNational Park namhlanje." Wathi: "Namhlanje ndiyayithanda impompo kwiSizwe sePaki."
Wasitshela indlela awayemthanda ngayo impompo ngaloo mini. - Wasitshela indlela awayeyithanda ngayo impompo ngaloo mini.
- Wasitshela: "Izolo ndithenge le ngubo yokugcoba". - Wasitshela: "Izolo ndithenge le ngubo."
Wasitshela ukuba wayithenge loo ngubo yokugcoba ngemini yangaphambili. - Wasitshela ukuba wathenga le ngubo egqobileyo ngemini yangaphambili.
Izenzi zeModal
Xa kusetyenziswa izenzi zentetho, kukho ezinye iimpawu. Xa utshintshela kwelinye iqela lexeshana, ezinye iinguqu zenziwa ngamanye amaxesha.
Izenzi zemizi ziya guqulwa ngokwemiqathango elandelayo.
| Intetho ngqo | Intetho engathe ngqo |
| Uya kuba | Ngaba |
| Unako | Ngaba |
| NgoMeyi | Unako |
| Funeka | Kufuneka (ukuba le ngcamango okanye iingqinisiso ezinengqiqo) |
| Funeka | Kwakudingeka ukuba (ukuba ngenxa ngenxa yeemeko zangaphandle) |
| Uya kuba | Ngaba kufuneka (ukuba le ngcebiso) |
Wathi: "Ndiyakwazi ukundiza indiza". - Wathi wayenokubhabha indiza.
Wathi: "Ndiyazi ukuba ndizale indiza." "Watsho ukuba angabaleka indiza."
Nangona kunjalo, kukho inamba yezenzi ezingatshintshiyo: kufuneka, akufanelekanga , bekungekho, kungcono , kunokwenzeka, kufuneka, njl.
Ngaphandle
Ukulungelelaniswa kwexesha akusebenzi kuzo zonke iimeko. Kukho inani lokungabikho:
1. Ukuba isigatya esingaphantsi sibhekiselele kumthetho wesayensi okanye inyaniso eyaziwayo ehlala efanelekileyo kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni impembelelo okanye uluvo lwabantu, ngoko-ke isivumelwano sexesha singabandakanywa.
- Utitshala wethu uxelelwa ukuba umoya kunye namanzi kuyimfuneko kwizilwanyana.
Utitshala wethu wathi umoya kunye namanzi ziyimfuneko kwizilwanyana. - Izizwe eziqaqambileyo zazingayazi ukuba uMhlaba wajikeleza kwinqanaba leSolar system - ilanga.
Izizwe eziphambili zazingayazi ukuba uMhlaba ujikeleze phakathi kweziko lethu lelanga - ilanga.
2. Xa usebenzisa i- mood subjunctive inxalenye engezantsi, isenzi ayitshintshi ngenye ixesha.
- Ukuba umoya wawubanda, wayeya ekhaya. "Ukuba umoya wawubanda, wayeya ekhaya."
Ndazi ukuba xa umoya ubanda, wayeya ekhaya. "Ndazi ukuba ukuba umoya ubanda, wayeya ekhaya.
Isiqhelo esinjalo segrama, njengoko kuhlanganiswa kwamaxesha, asikho kwisiRashiya. Ukuze uqonde le ngcaciso, akufuneki kuphela ukuyiqonda imigaqo kakuhle, kodwa nokuziqeqesha ngokuzimeleyo kweziphakamiso kunye neengxoxo ngokusetyenziswa kwesi sihloko. Enye yeendlela ezilungileyo kukubuyisela iintetho ngegama lakho.
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