Ukukhetha isikhwama somhlala-phantsi: umyalelo wesinyathelo ngeyinyathelo

Ngaphambi kwabantu banamhlanje abanenkxalabo ngekamva labo, oko kukuthi, ubukho obukhululekile emva kokufikelela kwiminyaka yomhlalaphantsi, kweli nqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho, umbuzo uvela: luhlobo luni lwenkqubo yokulawula endimele ndiyithembele ukuyigcina, kunye nokugcina imali yam? Emva koko, ngoku ngokuqinisekileyo wonke ummi unelungelo lokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo ukhethe isikhwama somhlala-phantsi, oko kuthetha, umgcini we-age-old's comfortable age. Ungakhethi kuphela phakathi kwemibutho yokulawula karhulumente kunye nongekho, kodwa nakwimeko yokukhetha ukhetho lwesibini, khetha i-APF efanelekileyo kakhulu.

Ukuze wenze ukhetho oluchanekileyo kwesikhwama somhlalaphantsi kwaye ungaphumeleli, kuyimfuneko ukuba uqonde ngokucacileyo umahluko phakathi kwemibutho yolawulo lwamazwe kunye nonolwazi. I-NPF zivele ziza kutshanje kwaye zinika iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokugcina nokuqokelela imali kumakhasimende abo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abafaki izibonelelo zemali zempesheni ezingekho phantsi kukaRhulumente.

Sinokwenza njani ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwemali yengxowa? Ngezantsi, zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko ziya kuhanjiswa ukuze umntu ngamnye aqonde ukuba iyiphi inhlangano yolawulo esondeleyo kwaye inenzuzo kuye.

Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda umahluko kunye nemigaqo-siseko yomsebenzi, zombini iimali zempesheni yombuso kunye non-state.

Iimpawu zolawulo lwentlalo

Ngelishwa, ngokuphuhliswa koqoqosho lwangoku, umntu akanakuqiniseka ngantoni na. Abemi abagcina ingxowa yabo yenkxaso-mali kwi-RF Pension Fund engozini ekushiywe kwibudala babo kunye nomhlalaphantsi omncinci. Inyani kukuba izinga eliphezulu lokunyuka kwamaxabiso alinakukuvumela ukuba ube nomdla ongcono kwi-savings. Zonke iimali zempesheni, eziphathwe kwiNgxowa-mali yePensheni yeRussian Federation, zidluliselwa kuVnesheconombank. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba leziko lemali alixanduva lokukhusela xa kukho ilahleko. Ngelo xesha, akunakutsho ukuba ngokunikela ngemali yabo yokugcinwa kwintlangano yolawulo lwabucala, umxhasi onesiqinisekiso esingu-100% uya kufumana ipenshini efanelekileyo. Ayikho into eqinisekileyo yokuba kwiminyaka emininzi le nto okanye lelo ziko liya kukwazi ukuhlawula imali eqinisekisiwe kubaxumi bayo, kubandakanywa nenkxaso-mali yangasese. Ukukhethwa kwesikhwama somhlala-phantsi karhulumente akufanele kukhanyelwe nhlobo. Sekunjalo, kubizwa ukuba kwenziwe imisebenzi ebalulekileyo nemisebenzi.

Kutheni ama APF adalwe?

Injongo yokuguqulwa kwempesheni, eyabangela kwiinkampani zangasese zomhlalaphantsi ezinelungelo lokugcina nokuphindaphinda ukugcinwa kwabemi, kukuququzelela umsebenzi weRussian Federation Pension Fund. Babizwa ukuba bathathe inxalenye yamagunya kunye neendleko zorhulumente kweli shishini. Eli qhinga lokuguqulwa lisivumela ukuba sichithe imali ngokubanzi, ekhokelela ekwandeni kwinani lentengo ngokuthelekisa neVnesheconombank.

Ukuba yonke into ibonakala ngokucacileyo kwaye icacile malunga ne-RF PF, kuba ngummeli kuphela wohlobo lwayo, ngoko ke imibuzo eninzi kunye nokungaqondani kuvela malunga neeNPF, ezibonakala zininzi. Ngoko ke, ukukhethwa kwesikhwama somhlala-phantsi engekho-nkqubo kunzima. Ngaphambi kokubhala isicelo sokutshintshwa kwabo ekugcinweni kwabo kwi-APF enye, kuyafaneleka ukukwazi ngokubanzi iinkcukacha ngemisebenzi yombutho wabucala.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomsebenzi we-NPF

Iimpawu ezintle, ekufanelekile ukuba ukhethe isikhwama sengxowa-mali engekho karhulumente :

• Ummi unokutshintsha inani lemali ezayo yomhlalaphantsi. Umntu ngamnye ngokuzimeleyo kwaye ngamnye ngokwabo unquma inani lemali ebekwa kwi-akhawunti yengxowa yepension kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, ixabiso elixhomekeke kuyo liya kuxhomekeka kubukhulu bexesha elizayo lomvuzo wempesheni. INgxowa-mali ye-Pension kaRhulumente ayinikezeli ilungelo lokuzikhethela.
• Ukufumana imali yokugcina ipensheni kwimithombo emininzi. Kakade into yokuba umntu ngumxhasi we-non-state pension corporation ngokuzenzekelayo unika ilungelo lokufumana ipenshoni ezimbini-eyakhe, kwakunye nakwi-state. Omnye kufuneka aqonde ukuba amalungelo ommi aphelelwanga kuthatha inxaxheba kwintlangano yempesheni enye engekho yombuso. Inani labo lingenakuphela.
• Ininshurensi malunga nokulungiswa kwempesheni yomhlaba. Kule nqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho, umntu akanako ukuzola, kwaye kuya kwenzeka ntoni kwiminyaka elishumi imfihlelo. Emva koko, amazwe amaninzi azalisekisa utshintsho lwempesheni, konke okunyusa izinga lokuthatha umhlalaphantsi nokunciphisa ubungakanani benzuzo yomhlalaphantsi. Ngako oko, kuba umntu ohlala engaziwa ngobukhulu bempesheni yakhe kwaye ke, nokuba uya kuba nalo mgaqo. Kwaye kuba ngumthengi wesixokelelwano sepenshini engekho phantsi kombuso, unokuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo inani lempesheni kunye nomhla wokuqalisa kokuhlawulwa kwayo.
• Ukuziphendulela kwilizwe. Zonke iziko zempesheni ezingekho phantsi kombuso zilawulwa ngokungqongqo kumthetho okhoyo welizwe, kufuneka zibe nazo zonke iilayisenisi ezifunekayo kunye neemvume kunye nokunikezela iingxelo kwimisebenzi yazo kwiimfuno ezizodwa zikarhulumente.
• Iintlawulo zerhafu. Inkqubo ekhethiweyo eyamkelwa kwezi zibonelelo ezingekho phantsi kwezempesheni zombuso inika ukubonelela ngeenzuzo kubaxhamli be-fund kunye nabaqeshi abazinikezela imali yabo kule ngxowa-mali.
• Iqondo eliphezulu lokubonakaliswa kwemisebenzi. Umntu ngamnye othatha inxaxheba kule ngxowa-mali unelungelo nanini na ukufumana i-extract kwi-akhawunti yakhe. Ukongezelela, kanye ngonyaka unikwe ingxelo ngokuzimeleyo kwiimeko ze-akhawunti kwi-deposit.

• Ukutshala imali kuphela kwimpahla ethembekileyo. Imibutho engaphantsi kwemibutho yempesheni inxaxheba ekutyala imali kuphela kumaziko eemali aphicothiweyo, uludwe lwazo oluvunyiweyo kwinqanaba lomthetho.
• Ulwahlulo olufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwazo zonke iimpahla zeemali. Umsebenzi wamaziko asempesheni engekho karhulumente usekelwe kwinto yokuba umsebenzi ngamnye ngamnye usetyenziso lwezinto zokusebenza ezithile, oku kunciphisa kakhulu umsebenzi wabasebenzi beziko, kwaye kuncitshiswe umngcipheko weentlawulo ngokuphathelele kwimisebenzi yazo zonke iintlobo zobuqhetseba kunye neengqungquthela. Ngelo xesha, iifayili nganye iyaziphendulela kwilizwe ukwenzela umsebenzi owenziweyo.
• Ubume be-Hereditary yokutshintshwa kwemali. Ukugcinwa kwempesheni yomxhasi we-non-state fund ingayifumana ilifa. Ngoko ke, xa kwenzeka ukufa komnini-mali, yonke imali ingadluliselwa kwisihlobo sakhe esilandelayo.
• Ukuhanjiswa kwamahhala kolondolozo oluvela kwelinye liziko elingekho phantsi koorhulumente ukuya kwelinye okanye kwisikolo somhlalaphantsi. Kwimeko apho kukho naziphi na izinto ezingalindelekanga okanye ukuvela kweenjongo zabo, umnini-mali unelungelo lokutshintshela imali yakhe kwisikhwama somhlala-phantsi esingekho phantsi kombuso okanye ukubeka ukugcinwa kwabo kunye nokuqokelela kwilizwe ngokwemiqathango echazwe kwisivumelwano esiphelileyo.

I-Pension Fund: ukhetho lwenkampani yolawulo

Ngokuqinisekileyo, into yokuqala ukuyiqonda umahluko phakathi kwamaziko karhulumente kunye namaziko abucala. Emva kokuba ufunde yonke ingcaciso engentla, wonke ummi angenza ukhetho lwakhe lokuzikhethela ngesikhwama somhlala-phantsi, oko kukuthi, yiyiphi iziko ekumele lizithembele kulo mba yokukhuseleka kwabo: i-state okanye engekho imeko.

Ngoku kufuneka wenze isigqibo malunga nenkampani ethile yolawulo. Ukuba ummi wanquma ukubeka ukuqokelela kwakhe ukugcinwa kweRussian Federation, ngoko akukho nto ingabikho ubunzima. Nguye kuphela. Kunzima kunene ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwesibonelelo sengxowa-mali engekho phantsi. Uya kubhala yiphi na umhla isitatimenti, njani ukhetha inkampani yokulawula yangasese?

Umyalelo wenyathelo-nge-nyathelo lokukhetha ii-APF

Ukukhethwa kwintlangano yabucala kufuneka kuqulethwe nenani leemfuno ezifunekayo. Umntu ngamnye kufuneka afake iimfuno ezithile.

Unyaka woMbutho

Umdala umbutho, othembekileyo ngakumbi. Iingcaphephe zincoma ukuba zithande ukukhetha abafake izicelo phambi ko-1998. Oku kuthetha ukuba bakwazi ukuphumelela ngempumelelo kwiingxaki zika-1998 no-2008.

Ukubunjwa kwabasunguli

Kukulungele ukukhetha imibutho yabasunguli bayo abameli becandelo lezoqoqosho. Ingaba ngamashishini amakhulu asebenzayo kwi-extraction yamaminerali, abameli be-metallurgical and energy industries. Ungathembeli imibutho yolawulo, elawulwa liziko lemali elincinci, umntu oyimfihlo okanye ezinye iinkampani ezincinci.

Inzuzo

Inokuhlaziywa ngokweengxelo zenkampani yolawulo, enika kwiBhanki Ephakathi kweRussia Federation. Le yimiqathango ekhethekileyo yokukhetha, apho ubukhulu bokonga esele kuxhomekeke kuyo.

Beka kwindawo

Ziyilwe yi-arhente yokulinganisa ngesiseko seenkcukacha ngokuxhamla, amandla kunye nezinye iinjongo zeenjongo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isantya sokuthandwa kwalolu hlobo okanye ukuba ulawulo lwenhlangano lungahluke. Ngoko ke, kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela imeko ngokubanzi kunye nokukhetha isikhwama sengxowa-phantsi esingekho phantsi kweso sakhiwo, kwaye kungekhona kwisigqibo esithile.

Ukuvulwa kwengxowa-mali

Ngokuhambelana nomthetho waseRussia, kuba abathathi-nxaxheba okanye abathathi-nxaxheba be-APF, yonke ingcaciso ebalulekileyo kufuneka ifumaneke ngokukhululekile. Uluhlu lweedatha ezinjalo lubekwe nguMthetho waseMthethweni "kwiiNgxowa-mali ezingekho phantsi koMbuso".

Investmentfolio

Ukwazi ukuchonga uhlobo lwawo alubonelelwanga ngesikhwama somhlala-phantsi. Iphothifoliyo yokutyalomali ikhethwe ngokubhala isicelo. Unokwenza oku ndlela ezintathu: uqobo (ngokusebenzisa ummeli), thumela ngeposi okanye kwi-akhawunti yakho kwi-intanethi.

Imigaqo yokukhethwa kwesikhwama somhlalaphantsi

Ummi unokutshintsha inkampani yolawulo kanye ngonyaka. Abantu abaninzi banombuzo xa bekhetha isikhwama somhlala-phantsi - ndingayifaka ixesha elingakanani ukutshintshwa kwenkampani yolawulo? Bhala isibheno esibhaliweyo kude kube nguDisemba 31.