Ukuhlelwa amalungu oluntu. Ukuhlelwa ezitho ngesakhiwo

Amalunga ebizwa iiyunithi eziziimobhayili amathambo ezahlukeneyo. Umehluko uphawu kwezinye iintlobo yokudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo kubume amathambo umzimba womntu kukho umngxuma othile ezaliswe ulwelo. joint nganye iqulathe iindawo ezininzi:

• intlala (hyaline ngaphandle ezimbaxa kunye ithambo zexeshana mandibular) ubuso;
• philisi;
• komgodi;
• fluid synovia.

Ingcamango jikelele amalungu oluntu

Ububanzi umaleko intlala ingahluka zibhityile kakhulu, mm malunga 0.2 tshu ngokwaneleyo - 6 mm. Le umahluko omkhulu umiselwa umthwalo umsebenzi entlanganweni. Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa xi kufikelelwe, kushukunywe kuqhutyelwe yayo, i ziyatyeba hyaline komhlaba.

Ukuhlelwa amalungu oluntu kuquka ngokwahlula ngokwamaqela ezizimeleyo eziliqela ezichongiweyo uphawu efanayo. Kukho kalukhuni;

• ngenani imiphezulu - ezilula, ezinzima, zidibene, oluhlanganisiweyo;
• lokut- namazembe - uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial;
• imilo - zezindlu, trochlear, helical, ellipsoidal, condylar, Izihlalo, ungqukuva, iflethi;
• phezu ithuba intshukumo.

Iindidi lwendibaniso

intlala kumphezulu ezahlukeneyo asebenza ezihambelanayo, ukuchaza lula okanye nokuntsonkotha isakhiwo ezimbaxa. Ukuhlelwa omzimba (jonga itheyibhile komzimba) ikuvumela ukuba uyenze ukwahlulwa yabo ezilula, ezinzima, ukuhlanganiswa, ezintsonkothileyo.

Simple - luphawulwa ubukho imiphezulu ezimbini intlala, kwaye lisekwa amathambo amabini okanye nangaphezulu. Ngokomzekelo, amalungu nemilenze: phalangeal kunye esihlahleni. Eyokuqala kubo amiliswe kwamathambo amabini. Eyesibini - inzima kakhulu. Enye kobuso entlanganweni izihlahla sisiseko belungelo amathambo ezintathu kumqolo proximal carpal.

Complex - zakha iindawo ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu, zibekwe capsule mnye. Enyanisweni, oko ezimbalwa amalungu ezilula, bakwazi ukusebenza kokubini kunye ngokwahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, joint ngengqiniba iye abaninzi kangangoko ezintandathu indawo. Zakha umchiza ezizimeleyo capsule enye ezintathu.

Amanye amalungu e isakhiwo, ukongeza engundoqo, kufuneka izixhobo ezongezelelekileyo, ezifana adume ngazo okanye menisci. Ucalulo amalunga ibhekisela kuzo ezintsonkothileyo. Lwe- ukwabelana kwisisu joint zibe mbini, kanjalo bakha "imigangatho" uqhagamshelo. Menisci abanamathele fom a iceba. Zombini ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngeendlela kumgca osecaleni intlala kwi ngokudibeneyo philisi xa kuthelekiswa namanye.

Ukuhlelwa ezitho ngesakhiwo sokunikela into enjalo njengokuhlanganisa. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufakelwa ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, ukuba uzimele, anokusebenza kuphela kunye. Umzekelo ophilayo synergism olunjalo kubizwa ngokuba ilungelo kunye namalungu temporomandibular ngasekhohlo.

hybrid

iikhompawundi Joint zinika indalo, umthamo kunye nesikhokelo ithambo kunina ngamathambo abantu. ukujikeleza Biomechanical kwenzeka malunga ngezixengxe ukuba ingaba ezininzi. Phakathi kwazo kukho nkqo, sagittal kunye enqamlezileyo. Ucalulo amalunga ngokwesiseko kweentlobo ezichongiweyo ezininzi.

• Uniaxial - ube axis enye ujikelezo. Ngokomzekelo, amalungu interphalangeal ukuvumela flexion kunye nokwandiswa iminwe kunye nezinye iintshukumo alwenzeki.
• Asi - nemigca enqamleze esiqwini ka ujikelezo. Umzekelo woko i joint esihlahleni.
• Triaxial - movement kuzo zonke iinqwelomoya kunokwenzeka - igxalaba, amalungu hip.

Iintlobo ezohlukileyo

Ucalulo amalunga kwiifom kumba kakhulu. uqhagamshelo nganye evolutionarily kufanelekile, ukunciphisa umthwalo kwaye kwandiswe ukusebenza.

• Zezindlu. It has a axis olunye ujikelezo - longitudinal. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba kukho amalungu zezindlu kunye iziko fixed kuyo kugxile khonkcweni (Atlanta-Axis), kunye vice versa, njengoko kwi joint radioulnar.
• Ginglymoid - joint uniaxial. Isihloko onefuthe ngqo yesakhiwo yayo. Enye indawo ngokumila ikama, nto leyo kudityaniswe intlala groove yesibini, ngaloo ndlela bakha lutshixo (kwamalungu interphalangeal).
• Ukonakala. Olunye uhlobo lonxibelelwano ginglymoid. It has asi enye kunye helical eyongezelelweyo neyalo. Umzekelo uyibhekise.

• Ellipsoid - lijikeleza nge ezimbini nezamazembe - nkqo sagittal. Movement kule joint yenza flexion, ukwandiswa, adduction nokuxhwilwa (esihlahleni joint).
• Condylar. joint Biaxial. imilo yayo ephawulekayo intlala kumphezulu kakhulu khaxa ngapha kwaye iflethi phezu kwezinye. Ekugqibeleni yaphambana encinane singabonakala. Owona mzekelo yacaca - joint kwedolo. ngokuchonga Classification kunye nezinye iikhompawundi imilo condylar. Umzekelo, joint temporomandibular.
• Akhwela. It ukhandwa iindawo ezimbini - khaxa kunye phakathi. Wabumba ilunga uyakwazi bahambe ezimbini zesinyithi - le ngokungqalileyo kunye sagittal. Umzekelo prime bekuya kuba compound nobhontsi metacarpal-phalangeal.

Enye kakhulu enkulu emzimbeni - joint hip. Classification umbiza spheroidal. It has a imilo isici. Movement yenziwa ngokwe nemigca ezintathu ezahlukeneyo. Enye ziintsapho a joint indebe-ezimile ukulenza. It has a awo esezantsi iintshukumo kunokwenzeka.

Ucalulo amathambo kunye namalungu umahluko kwisahlulo yabo lisebe. Umzekelo, uqhwemesha ezisezantsi okanye eliphezulu imilenze, yaba lukakayi, umqolo. Le yokugqibela iquka amathambo ezincinane - omqolo. Amalunga phakathi kwabo tyaba, nto kodwa abakwaziyo intshukumo kunye nemigca enqamleze ezintathu.

ezimbaxa Articular wethambo zexeshana kunye mandibular

Le lunga i ezidibeneyo ehlangeneyo. Intshukumo kwenzeka ngaxeshanye ngasekunene nangasekhohlo. Kunokuba nayiphi esqwini. Oku kuqinisekiswa yi kukhubazeko kwemihlathi lentendelezo ephantsi, esa ihlafuna yaye ukuthetha. kwisisu joint into bisected yi ezinezikhondo disk intlala ezo spliced ukuya philisi ngokudibeneyo.

Nokuqaqamba amalungu?

Amalunga emzimbeni womntu ibe umsebenzi obalulekileyo - intshukumo. Xa iphila, le awo na isenzo bangaphazamiseki. Ubomi ngaphandle ubuhlungu imvakalelo kunye ukuzilimaza kumnandi kakhulu kunabo.

Kukho ezahlukeneyo izifo omzimba. Classification iyahlula zibe ngamaqela uneempawu ezithile, inkqubo ukuntsonkotha kunye nohlobo flow (etsolo, subacute, ezinganyangekiyo). Pathologically avelele:

• arthralgia (ubuhlungu bamalunga ezisisigxina okanye ezililize);
• arthritis (ukudumba);
• arthrosis (utshintsho sisiba mandundu ongenakulungiseka);
• izifo bekhubazekile.

samathambo

Inani elikhulu izifo zichaphazela isixhobo yesalathisi, ebangela ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi ngokudibeneyo. Ucalulo yokuqaqamba yabela ezasulelayo, non-esosulelayo, traumatic kunye enxulumene (nezinye izifo). Uluhlu oluneenkcukacha ezivunyiweyo ngowe-1958 xa i-Congress of zamathambo.

samathambo eyosulelayo eliquka iqela elikhulu zezifo, kukho ezithile eyabangela lethality eyaziwa iintlobo kwamagciwane, ezifana inegciwane tubercle, okanye evolutive. Ugxininisa isifo joint umbhali: Sokol-Buyo, spondylitis, kunjalo.

samathambo Non-esosulelayo nayo igama dystrophic. Kwenzeka kaninzi, i-umyalezo we kakhulu abahlukahlukeneyo. Phakathi unobangela isenokuba utshintsho ezinxulumene-ubudala, impembelelo engalunganga ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo (emzimbeni, umthwalo esigqithisileyo), iingxaki hormone pathways (sifo, isifo lengqula, kubazali bakhe kunye nabanye.).

samathambo traumatic kukhule trauma buthuntu, ukwenzakala amalungu. Ngaphezu koko, baye kuvela ngenxa lokungcangcazela kuyoluka.

Inani elikhulu samathambo lukhatshwa nezinye izifo ezinxulumene kwindlela musculoskeletal. iintlobo Chronic of ukhwekhwe, systemic lupus zomzimba, dermatitis - uyakwazi ukubandakanya zonke amalungu kule nkqubo. Ukongeza, samathambo unobangela wegazi, ezinye izifo yemiphunga (sarcoidosis) , kunye luvo. Ityhefu yelothe kwakhona kubangela inkqubo mandundu namalungu.

arthralgia

Iintlungu, ezinxulumene nokusebenza namalungu kuthiwa arthralgia. Character ukubonisa wayo ikhe okanye nzulu, ngokusisigxina okanye okwethutyana, kuchaphazela iikhompawundi enye okanye ezininzi intlala. Esi sifo ngokuqhelekileyo luchaphazela amalungu inkulu emzimbeni womntu: kwedolo, ngengqiniba, hip. Ezincinane bachaphazeleka kakhulu alufane.

Arthralgia asoloko ehamba iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zizifo ezosulelayo, ingakumbi zisenzeka neemeko bomkhuhlane. Xa lokufunyaniswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuba balobe anamnesis ayikokubambana ngendlela. uphando Laboratory kufaka ukubala inani zegazi egazini, kwakunye nezinye iimvavanyo nezilingo.

arthrosis

Ukuhlelwa amalunga, ugwayimbo osteoarthritis, ukuze ingabi kuphela ukuba omnye wabo okanye iqela elithile. Ngokwayo, esi sifo sinobuzaza ngokwaneleyo, ekubeni linxulunyaniswa ukutshatyalaliswa intlala. Oku kukhokelela deformation amalungu. Oku kubonakaliswa ukuba indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso samathambo yofuzo udlala - yofuzo. Ingozi yokuba esi sifo abantu abo omthetho ezinxulumene ngqo umthwalo rhoqo phezu amalungu :. zokulungisa iinwele, iimbaleki, abaqhubi, njl Isizathu isenokuba ukuphazamiseka ixesha elide kwamadlala emzimbeni.

malformations bekhubazekile amalunga

Ubuzaza malformations iziphene namalungu sele yahlukene ngobulali esiqatha. Ukwahlula izifo ePrince Ukuba kwisininzi. Ezi ziquka: arthrogryposis, pseudarthrosis shin, dislocation naso kasikrobana okanye patella, hip dysplasia, yiMarfan syndrome (isifo autosomal).

Uthintelo kwezifo namalungu

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izifo nkqubo musculoskeletal sele sihlaziyekile ngamandla. Ukuba ngaphambili ubudala umndilili iziguli engama-55, ngoku busisigxina 40.

Ukuze siphephe iingxaki kakhulu kwaye uphile ubomi obude ngaphandle balinganisele iintshukumo zabo, kubalulekile ukujonga impilo jikelele kwanawokuqhuba lulondolozo lokuthintela ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kuyinto ukulawula ubunzima umzimba, ukutya, ukushiywa nemikhwa emibi amandla ngomlinganiselo.