Turboprop injini: isixhobo, wesiphaluka operation siseko. iinjini Production turboprop eRashiya

turboprop injini ngathi piston; ke yena kunye namanye kufuneka bendiza. Kodwa kungenjalo zahluke. Khawuve oko eyenza le yunithi, isebenza njani, yintoni na ubuhle nobubi bayo.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

injini Turboprop ulilungu udidi turbines igesi leyo eyenzelwe njengoko transducers amandla jikelele kwaye sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi mboni. Ziqulethe uluhlu injini ubushushu, apho iigesi eyandisiweyo ukutshintsha-injini kunye NdinguMenzi torque, kunye nesibili ayo amanye amacandelo iqhotyoshelwe apha. I-injini uyayinikwa elijikelezayo turboprop.

It is a umnqamlezo phakathi piston kunye kwiinqwelo iiyunithi. Okokuqala, kule iinjini moya piston efakiweyo, eziquka itankana kunye inkwenkwezi ezimilise amalungiselelo ngaphakathi kwizikhondo. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba waba ubukhulu kakhulu kwaye ubunzima, kwakunye kusengakho ngesantya esisezantsi, bangabi saba kusetyenziswa, kuqalwa kwabonakala Useto turbojet. Kodwa ezi-injini zange ngaphandle kuneengxaki. Ukuba sikwazi ukuqulunqa ngokukhawuleza supersonic, kodwa iwasebenzisa kakhulu yesibaso. Ngoko ke umsebenzi wabo abiza kakhulu izithuthi zikawonkewonke.

turboprop injini kwafuneka ukuba bamelane engxakini enjalo. Kwaye kule ngxaki sele isonjululwe. Ukwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza zaye zathathwa indlela ye injini turbojet, yaye piston - ophephela. Ngenxa yoko, yaba kungenzeka ubukhulu encinane, iindleko kunye high ukusebenza.

I-injini yasungulwa kwaye yakhiwa emva banesifo kwinkulungwane yokugqibela eSoviet Union, kunye namashumi amabini kamva, baza baqalisa ukuya kwimveliso abaninzi. Amandla zohlukile-1880 ukuya 11000 kW. Ithuba elide ukuba zazisetyenziswa Aviation yomkhosi yoluntu. Nangona kunjalo, isantya supersonic, ukuba ilingane. Ngoko ke, nokufika izibonelelo ezilolu kwi Force Air wala kubo. Kodwa kwendiza yabantu bobo bunikelwa ngabo.

injini izixhobo turboprop nangemigaqo Working

design motor ilula kakhulu. Oku kuquka:

• reducer;
• bendiza;
• a kwigumbi omlilo;
• a isiguquli;
• umlomo.

Scheme turboprop ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: emva kokuba isitofu kunye ucinezelo lomoya yi-isiguquli ongena egumbini yokutsha. Kuloko iye zifakwa isibaso. Lo mxube iziphumo ephakamayo kwaye kudala iigesi leyo ufake injini ukwanda uphendule ngayo, kwaye oko, nayo, yokubolekisana isiguquli kunye iqhosha lemenyu. amandla elalingazange lisetyenziswe lukhutshwa umlomo, ukudala saliphosa lovukelo. Ngenxa yokuba ixabiso layo ayikho ephawulekayo (ishumi ekhulwini), oko kungajongwa turboprop turbojet.

Umgaqo ukusebenza kunye noyilo, Noko ke, ziyafana kubo, kodwa amandla ayikho ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo esatsiba, ukudala torque reaction ingalo, kodwa kancinci, njengoko amandla olunoluncedo kwakhona ukutshintsha jija isikhonkwane.

shaft yokusebenza

Kukho iinjini kunye emigodini omnye okanye emibini. Uhlobo olunye-shaft sele nesikhondo elinye kunye isiguquli kunye injini, kunye iqhosha lemenyu. In eliphindiweyo-oluthi - omnye wabo ekhwele turbine kunye isiguquli, yaye kwelinye - jija ngokusebenzisa izixhobo unciphiso. Apha kukho turbines ezimbini uqhagamshele omnye komnye indlela gas-linamandla. Omnye kubo ngenxa jija isikhonkwane, kunye nezinye - ngenxa isiguquli. Loo ngobuwena yeyona ixhaphakileyo, kuba amandla zinokusetyenziswa ngaphandle isebenza izikrufu. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi xa moya emhlabeni.

isiguquli

Le ndima iqulathe izigaba ezibini ukuya kwezintandathu, ukuvumela ukuba aqonde utshintsho kakhulu obushushu kunye noxinzelelo, ngokunjalo unciphise isantya. Ngesi uyilo, kuvela ukunciphisa ubunzima kunye nobukhulu, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ukuze iinjini moya. Le isiguquli ibandakanya impellers kunye vanes sikhokelo. Ngomhla wokugqibela kunikwa okanye hayi ngaphandle ummiselo.

bendiza

Ngenxa oku ibunjiwe ukuwutyhalela, kodwa isantya ulinganiselwe. Oku kugqalwa salathisi olungcono kwinqanaba 750 ukuya 1500 rpm, ukususela ukwandisa ukwanela liqala bawe ndikuchithachithe Screw endaweni zitshintshwe zibe kusisithintelo. Isenzeko ubizwa ngokuba 'ifuthe wokuvalwa. " Oku kubangelwa yabe Screw leyo ngesantya ephezulu ujikelezo, elingaphezu isantya isandi, baqale ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Nomphumela ofanayo ziya yabonakala ukwanda ubukhulu zabo.

turbine

I-injini iyakwazi ukuphuhlisa ngesantya yeenguqu ukuya ku amabini amawaka ngomzuzu, kodwa ayikwazi ujije lifanelekile, ngoko apha kukho izixhobo unciphiso kunciphisa isantya kwaye kwandisa torque. Gearbox ingaba ezahlukeneyo, kodwa lo msebenzi zazo eziphambili kungakhathaliseki uhlobo - isantya kwaye kwandiswe ixesha.

Olu phawu amagunya ukusetyenziswa moya turboprop emkhosini. Noko ke, uphuhliso ekudalweni yinjini supersonic akaluyeki, ubuncinane kuba ngoku yaye uphumelele. Ukuphucula ibambelele maxa wambi ngezikhonkwane ababini babonelelwa turboprop. Siseko ukusebenza ngexesha elinye baye baqaphela yi ejikelezayo kumacala angafaniyo, kodwa kukho izixhobo elinye.

Ngokomzekelo, cinga injini D-27 (Turbopropfan) ukuba fan ezimbini helical eziqhotyoshelwe ezamahala turbine gearbox. Lo ngowona mzekelo kuphela uyilo ezisetyenziswa zoPhapho. Kodwa isicelo yayo nempumelelo kuthathwa uvale enkulu ukuphucula ukusebenza injini kwengxelo.

Ubuhle lobubi

Thina ngokukodwa abo pluses kunye minuses ukuba ebonakala umsebenzi turboprop. Izinto eziluncedo zezi:

• ubunzima ukukhanya xa kuthelekiswa kunye neeyunithi piston;
• ngempumelelo xa kuthelekiswa iinjini turbojet (ngenxa ukusebenza bendiza ifikelela asibhozo anesithandathu ekhulwini).

Noko ke, nangona ezi iingenelo engenakuphikwa, iinjini jet, kwezinye iimeko zibe ngcono kakhulu. Turboprop umda isantya injini asixhenxe anamanci mahlanu leekhilomitha ngeyure. Noko ke, ngokuba moya mihla le abambalwa kakhulu. Ukongeza, ingxolo eyenziweyo liphezulu kakhulu, ngaphezu iinqobo avumelekile i-International Civil Aviation Organisation.

Ngoko ke, imveliso iinjini turboprop eRashiya anqongophele. Ngokusisiseko, zifakwa kwi-moya ezazibhabha imigama emide kunye ngesantya esisezantsi. Emva koko isicelo sifanelekile na.

Noko ke, eyama emkhosini, apho iimpawu eziphambili efunekayo ngenqwelo-moya, kukho uphume ophezulu kunye nokusebenza cwaka, kunokuba ukusebenza, le injini musa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziyimfuneko kunye neeyunithi turbojet zisetyenziswa apha.

Ngelo xesha ke qho sizama ukwakha ngezikhonkwane supersonic ukoyisa i "isiphumo ivalela" kwaye bafikelele kwinqanaba elitsha. Mhlawumbi, xa ukusungula ifezeke, ukususela iinjini jet bayala turboprops kunye ezontathu. Kodwa ke ngephanyazo linokuchazwa kuphela ngokuthi "angamahashe okusebenza" asingabo zinamandla, kodwa ukusebenza sizinzile.