Styrene-butadiene yerabha: iimpawu kunye isicelo, ifomula

Styrene-butadiene yerabha igqalwa enye iinketho ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu izinto polymeric. Kufanelekile ukuba ukwenziwa amavili kunye nezinye iimveliso irabha kunye nomgangatho ophezulu.

Uthe izinto polymeric lwenziwe ngezinto azibizi ekrwada, nakubuchule bayo iimveliso ithathwa kufumaneka, ukuba ulandelelwano ocacileyo izenzo. Ekugqibeleni kubangela styrene-butadiene yerabha iye yokusebenza egqwesileyo kunye neempawu imichiza. Oku kwaveza iimali ezinkulu kwaye thaca ngumvelisi kwiimeko ngokubanzi.

okubonakalayo wemveliso

Makhe sihlolisise ukuveliswa rubbers styrene-butadiene. Ngenxa ekrwada eziphathekayo ukuze umbandela polymeric kukhethiwe butadiene-1,3 okanye udibaniso lwe-methylstyrene. Okulungiselelweyo styrene-butadiene rubber ngu iindlela ngodaka okanye emulsion copolymerization. Xa indlela yesibini akhiwa rubbers butadiene-styrene udaka.

emulsion polymerization

Njani ukwamkelwa styrene butadiene irabha? Indlela abasabela iquka polymerization odibeneyo styrene kunye butadiene ngendlela emulsion. Imveliso yokugqibela ifunyenwe ngenxa yale yentsebenziswano, ebizwa styrene butadiene yerabha (nezabaNxibelelanisi beeNdawo zokuFundela).

Okwangoku le kwimveliso kushishino yerabha yasekhaya kuthatha embodiments ezahlukeneyo, iimveliso Polymer-based bamachiza.

Indlela wahlukanisa styrene-butadiene irabha? Abavelisi sihambise khetho lulandelayo:

• rubbers ezo ayiqulathanga oyile (nezabaNxibelelanisi beeNdawo zokuFundela ZOARK);
• Materials nge umndilili wepesenti yeoli (SCM-ZOLRKM-15);
• ngesixa ukwanda zamafutha (nezabaNxibelelanisi beeNdawo zokuFundela ZODRKM-27);
• ezineempawu emihle Heating (nezabaNxibelelanisi beeNdawo zokuFundela ZOARPD).

Ukucaciswa lwamagama

Imivo yokuqala amagama uxelele isiqulatho ubungakanani styrene ophathwa okokuqala, ezikhethiweyo polymerization:

• "A" ibandakanya ukuphunyezwa esezantsi-lobushushu inkqubo polymerization (akukho izidanga ngaphezu ezintlanu).
• "M" libonisa ukuba uye kuphela styrene oyile,.
• Styrene-butadiene irabha kunye ileta "P" ubalisa ukuqhuba polymerization ngaphandle phambi komlawuli.
• "K" ibonisa zisetyenziswe ekwenziweni iirubber rosin emulsifier.
• Le leta "P" imela okuthe kwaveliswa apha phambi yezityebileyo feed, zokwenziwa asidi ityuwa kuzo imveliso ye igcwala kwenxenye paraffins kwizinyibilikisi.

Yini ephawula rubber styrene-butadiene? Ukufumana busekelwe phezu kwinkqubo polymerization, nto leyo eqhelekileyo ukuba kwanabo bafundi high school, abafundi kwizikolo eziziisekondari nakwiikholeji.

Ngoko ke, ukwenziwa kuphela kushishino lwe rubbers ezisetyenzisiweyo smolonapolnenny styrene-butadiene irabha, ifomula apho ayahlukanga ukusuka diene oluqhelekileyo hydrocarbon. Xa rubbers eziveliswa ngokusekelwe butadiene-styrene resin, ukumelana eliphezulu ukuya lingonakali ngomatshini, yesikhumba-ezifana neempawu ezintle.

inkqubo polymerization emulsion yenziwa kufakelo mveliso ezizodwa. Yini ephawula le rubber styrene-butadiene? Ukubanjwa ukuba yenziwe yi iteknoloji ecacileyo nezingqinekayo. Ubude avareji sokungamelani wemichiza ziiyure 12-15. Emva kokugqitywa Latex polymerization ibunjiwe, equlethe nama-30-35 epesenti ukwimo polymeric. Njengoko antioxidant usiwe latex neon D.

Ukuvelisa irabha ukusuka latex ngu electrolytes coagulation eziqulathe sulphuric acid. Njengoko enze njengoko izixubisisi kanifolevoe oyile kunye nesepha, wadala ngokusekelwe fatty zokwenziwa, ukongeza coagulation zabona ukuyilwa fatty abe nempembelelo entle kwiimpawu zobugcisa imveliso ogqityiweyo.

Ngokudibanisa iisepha acid sulphuric senziwa similise okwaloo free organic acid ulwenze latex coagulation bazakhela rubber styrene butadiene. Isicelo izinto ezininzi lokugqibela kuxhomekeke kudidi kwemveliso. Ngokomthetho irabha kuyinto material eqhelekileyo ekrwada kushishino kwemichiza le.

Indlela emayenziwe ngayo irabha

Yintoni isakhiwo styrene-butadiene irabha? iimpawu Physical osisiqu ixhomekeke izinto awohluke lwesakhiwo yayo. Xa ekufumaneni Polymer yi ozotsionirovaniya Polymer kuyilwa na isakhiwo ezitenxileyo ezinokwenzeka. Iiyunithi monomer yerabha ezi ngokungakhethiyo molecule unohlobo branched.

Phantse 80 pesenti iiyunithi kufuneka yoqwalaselo yothutho, kwaye pesenti 20 kuphela lubonakala ngokuba kaKishe-isakhiwo.

iimpawu

Makhe sihlolisise le rubber styrene-butadiene. Iimpawu osisiqu ezinxulumene ubunzima yalo phezulu eziphilayo. Kwi-avareji, kuba 150 000-400 000 rubbers kuzaliswa ioli-A iteknoloji lemveliso ibandakanya ukukhetha kwezinto kunye index eliphezulu mass isalamane eziphilayo. Loo khetho likuvumela ukuba kupheliswe ifuthe elibi yeoli kumgangatho irabha, gcina ixesha elide iimpawu zokwenza kakhulu ngerabha.

Kuyenzeka ukuba afumane ethylene butadiene-styrene irabha, inkqubo wachitha ikhonkco usebenzisa activators, izixubisisi, nabalawuli, kunye nezinye izinto ngokungagqibelelanga ngexesha indlela zidlulela kubangela zerabha nokwakheka.

iimpawu ezinika

Agcwele rubber styrene-butadiene. Ifomula osisiqu ibonisa ukuba iyamelana deformations koomatshini, izinyibilikisi ndlongondlongo. Ukuphucula ukumelana ukubanda irabha luthambe ukwehla kwimali feed styrene. Le Polymer yahlaliswa unyityilikiswa ipetroli, kunye izinyibilikisi enuka kamnandi.

Yintoni enye ivelele SBR? Mihlaba kunye ngokunxulumene asidi ngokwendawo, ketones, alkoholi ezizinzileyo, ngaphandle Polymer na irhasi ezibalaseleyo permeability amanzi. Ngeli ngokushushubeza ngerabha, kukho utshintsho kusakhiwo kakhulu echaphazela kakubi iipropati emzimbeni mechanical le ngerabha.

igcwala thermal kwiqondo lobushushu ka-125 ° C ibangela ukwehliswa ngobulukhuni kwintshabalalo. igcwala elandelayo kubandakanya kakhulu lesakhiwo Polymer ichaphazela ukwanda ngqongqo yayo.

Iimpawu ze isicelo

Ukudala irabha ukubunjwa wasebenzisa irabha styrene butadiene. Iimpawu, isicelo sale ummeli iklasi hydrocarbon diene elilingana ngokupheleleyo iinkalo olungumgubo yayo noshowo.

Ubukho maqela phenyl ye icala kuchaphazela yokunganyangeki bhetele ukuba sesichengeni sosasazeko lwemitha xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zezi neeplastikhi.

Xa sisincoko irabha nangalo siyabaqalekisa abantu abenziwe ngokusekelwe butadiene-styrene irabha, oku- ephantsi, ukwanda shrinkage ngexesha calendering kunye extrusion. Oku kunefuthe elibi nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo, kwakunye nangexesha ekwakheni (ibandla) okusilelayo irabha.

Xa ezinceda ezisezantsi-lobushushu rubber processing, zibizwa ngokuba rubbers "ashushu".

ezahlukeneyo rubbers

Soft rubbers styrene-butadiene babe esezantsi ephantsi-lobushushu ubulukhuni, nangona bengazange wayixova.

iintsini nzima ziveliswa ngezixa ezincinane nezikhundla ukuba mastication oxidative thermal umoya kubushushu omalunga 1400 ° C ngokusebenzisa activators inkqubo ukuthotywa.

Xa vulcanizing singena mntu eqine ephantsi amandla. Xa ukunciphisa ubungakanani styrene ebotshiwe ezimbaxa polymeric lifinyele bokuxhathisa kwaye ukunganyangeki lingonakali, kwandisa ukumelana iqabaka, ukwanda luthambe.

Sazhenapolnennye (icarbon black), curatives rubbers butadiene-styrene babe thermal iparameters kakhulu ukumelana nokuqina kwayo, kodwa ngandlel enasilela luthambe kunye luvukelo deformation of rubbers eziqhelekileyo. curatives eziluncedo kufuneka ukumelana eyongezelelweyo esinyusiweyo exutywe asidi, utywala, alkalis, esters. I rubber sijike ukuba adumbe.

Zonke Iipholima onesiphumo ezisetyenziswayo xa kwenziwa imveliso lwamavili, wenze iintlobo amanqaku non-wabumba nokubunjwa. Ngokomzekelo, abantu butadiene-styrene yerabha yokuthutha iibhanti zenziwa emveliso ye-timber, ukuvelisa izihlangu irabha. Ngokunxulumene ukunganyangeki radiation nokwanda ezi rubbers asetyenziswa ekwenziweni iirubber kokuba ukumelana ngokupheleleyo ukuya radiation gamma.

Kuba imveliso iimveliso ngaphandle iimpawu ezigqwesileyo aqine, lo feedstock esetyenzisiweyo, kuquka umxholo styrene ubuncinane.

Iimpawu styrene-butadiene rubbers, isisombululo polymerization

In imboni yasekhaya amalungiselelo imveliso styrene-butadiene rubbers isisombululo polymerization ukuba isiqulatho styrene ezahlukeneyo:

• SBR-10.
• SBR-25.
• SBR-18.
• SBR-50.
• 25E-ROSC (liye ngakumbi iimpawu Heating).

On sale kukho irabha, equka microblocks styrene esinevumba elimnandi, ezilungiselelwe ukwenziwa ngenaliti.

Ngaphezu koko, kukho kuzaliswa ioli-isisombululo rubber polymerization, leyo anokuqulatha ukuya kwi-27% oyile. Ngenxa isisombululo polymerization phambi ehlanganisa organolithium wenza ezingundoqo iparameters adjustable yesakhiwo molecule:

• chain eyayizalwa;
• ubunzima eziphilayo;
• lwestraksha.

Ezona mpawu olwahlula kwezi rubbers igqalwa phambi ebalulekileyo Polymer (ukuya kwi-98%), imali ubuncinane ukungcola. Le Iipholima kuba isakhiwo yomgama xa kuthelekiswa emulsion rubbers styrene-butadiene.

izinto Polymeric baye bafumana ductility eliphezulu, anxibe ukuxhathisa, ukumelana ebandayo, ukwanda ukumelana ng. Phawula kwakhona ukunyamezela eliguqukayo ophezulu ezi mathiriyeli. Xa shrinkage ephantsi zibe Mooney viscosity enkulu ekubeni macromolecule babe isakhiwo yomgama, unokuhluthiswa esinamanani amakhulu uthuthu lweziko (carbon black) kunye oyile ngaphandle ukutshintsha kakubi iipropati mechanical ngokwasemzimbeni ngenxa vulcanizates.

Kukho ezinye iingenelo zeteknoloji ekuvelisweni iirubber nodaka xa kuthelekiswa ne iinketho emulsion, kodwa iimfuno okuninzi malunga linyulu monomers ezisetyenzisiweyo. rubbers Solution polymerization esetyenziswa kwishishini ivili le, kuba kudalwe amabhanti okuhambisa nkqi, ekuncothukeni kweentende zeenyawo zezihlangu, ithumbu irabha, irabha iindawo ezininzi. Awona macandelo okokuqala ukuvelisa izinto polymeric kule hlobo ithathwa styrene kunye 1,3-Buada. Rubbers ezifunyenwe yi sisombululo okanye emulsion copolymerization.

Kushishino bale mihla kuphela nokwenziwa kobugcisa yerabha non-ezaliswe, kodwa ukuveliswa kwakhona amalungiselelo of Iipholima aba bakhoyo apha ukwakhiwa yentlaka, carbon emnyama, ioli. Phakathi kwezinye izinto polymeric eziveliswa kwi iqhezu styrene akhawunti butadiene rubber ukuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha amandla yemveliso.

Isizathu soku isikali ke ukufana eliphezulu lweempawu emzimbeni eekhemikhali imveliso langabom, ukufumaneka i monomers yokuqala (styrene kunye butadiene), kunye umgca yemveliso lusekiwe.

ubunzima Kuyanda styrene butadiene rubber kwimveliso mihla ezifunyenwe emulsion copolymerization of styrene kunye butadiene.

Ukuhlelwa irabha kubume

Ngenxa imiqathango polymerization kunye nokwakhiwa amacandelo ezisetyenziswayo amalungiselelo ukuvelisa rubbers styrene-butadiene, ezahlukileyo kumafa kunye neepropati. Avumelekile statistical, ukusasazwa mgaqweni leeyunithi noshowo styrene kunye butadiene kwi macromolecule.

Njengoko ubushushu liyancipha kukho ukuhla kokuqulathwe ubuninzi zamaqhezu eliphantsi ubunzima lwalusanda eyenziwe ngerabha. Ngaphezu koko, kukho kunciphiso eyayizalwa kwesakhiwo, ukunyuka isakhiwo Polymer rhoqo, oluza kuchaphazela iimpawu zobugcisa yokusebenza lemveliso ogqityiweyo.

Ekuphuhliseni imveliso yasekhaya zemathiriyeli zokwenziwa ingongoma ebalulekileyo ibikukuseka imveliso izinto butadiene-styrene yi polymerization yi ziyindlela olukhulu. Okwangoku, izinto ezifana ekumgangatho ophezulu kwaye ngexabiso elifikelelekayo ukuvelisa izityalo ze Krasnoyarsk, eOmsk, Togliatti, Sterlitamak, Voronezh.

ubuchwepheshe Iimpawu

zingafumaneka a Polymer ukuba ethile parameters, ukuba oyifunayo. Umzekelo, kunye umyinge ubunzima banikwa ezinto leyo lilawulwa njenge polymerization ngokongeza nabalawuli ekwaziyo nokuxakekisa ugqithiso chain. Njengoko nabalawuli umxholo oluninzi waphawula ukuncipha ubunzima ngemolekyula le Polymer.

Yintoni oya kuthathwa njengomntu izixubisisi, ezifanele ukuveliswa emulsions ezizinzileyo le monomers, kwaye ukuvelisa imveliso yokugqibela polymerization, le latices? Awona macandelo imichiza eziphambili ingqalelo potassium okanye isodium neetyuwa ze fatty zokwenziwa carboxylic, hydrogenated rosin kunye neetyuwa alkisulfonatov.

Xa kukhethwa rosin oko kuqala phantsi ukuba unyango olukhethekileyo. Xa inkqubo disproportionation xa kuvala (palladium), oko ofumana iipropati ezifunekayo rubbers inkqubo chain.

production Spefitsika

Kuba copolymerization usebenzisa polymerizer ibhetri. Xa ulungiselela okuhlangana ixubene kwaye pre-nyulu styrene esomileyo, butadiene, isinyibilikisi (kusenokuba cyclohexane) kwindawo ratio 5/1. Eminye amacandelo feedstock lokuqala zifakwa orifices lokuxhuba for ukuxuba esemgangathweni. Lo mxube ngoko mayibhekiswe ikhemikali kungengokwentlambululo omhle ubumdaka ezahlukeneyo amancinci.

Izixhobo ikhonza organolithium eqhola titer kwi-25 ° C kangangemizuzu engama-20. Ubungakanani zokuhlanjululwa kuxhomekeke umxube umbala. Ukuba akukho ukungcola, ukususela umxube umbala omdaka kancinane. Ngaphambi polymerization, ibhetshi kugalelwe lo kuvala, kudla ezibandayo.

Le nkqubo oluqhutywa ibhetri, equka abathathu izixhobo standard, ngokuthi ngokulandelelana besondla isigxina. Lobushushu ngaphakathi polymerizer olupheleleyo kuluhlu kwe-50 ukuya kuma-80 ° C. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo zonke inkqubo yemichiza ziiyure ezi-6.

isiphelo

Kuzo zonke zobomi kunye umsebenzi ihlangabezane izinto ngexesha, ezo zisekelwe styrene-butadiene irabha. Kuqala kwinto zonke, siphawula ukuba indalo iirubber yamathe yezihlangu, amavili yerabha izithuthi, iindidi umbhobho egadini.

Le copolymers random of styrene kunye butadiene lisetyenziswa kwi ukudalwa zezixhobo ubushushu zombane, iimveliso ezahlukeneyo Ushishino lweemoto, kuquka ukwakhiwa lwamavili ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Innovative ubugcisa ezisebenzisa abavelisi obuphambili rubbers styrene-butadiene, ukuvumela ukuba ukudala iimveliso kunye parameters ngokwasemzimbeni imichiza ezinqwenelekayo, iimpawu yokusebenza oyifunayo.

Phakathi iimpawu kule ukuveliswa nenqaku le-aplikeshini ye ehlanganisa ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Kuxhomekeka ubume rubbers kuhlelwe ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ixesha inkqubo yendalo zabo iindleko ngokupheleleyo imveliso eyenziweyo ngokusekelwe ngerabha irabha.