Sturmovik "Rook" Su-25: inkcazelo, iinkcukacha, iifoto

Iziganeko Syria kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiqela emoyeni Russian arhola ingqalelo epakini uzobe olwenziwe Force wethu Air. Bekuya kuba kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba uza kuthatha inxaxheba moya, namhlanje, njengoko anokuvela nangokobungakanani oluncinane umsebenzi kwilizwe lasemzini. Phakathi moya ezahlukeneyo, kuquka zakutshanje, kucelwa ukuba uthathele ingqalelo Su-25 wabonakala 'Grach' nkqu ngexesha lemfazwe Afghanistan. Yintoni na? Lo matshini yaziwa iimpawu zayo zokulwa malunga amavo zakhe.

Ukuvela kombono

Imfuneko umatshini umkhosi yiSoviet ezinjalo waziva kwisiqingatha sesibini 60s. Le mizekelo uthandwayo izixhobo ukubhabha USSR Air Force ngelo xesha baba ezibalaseleyo ukulwa moya MIG-21, MIG-23, MIG-19, Su-7B and Yak-28. Abanye babo ngexesha msebenzi wenziwe ukuhlasela nokuhlaselwa indawo utshaba eyenziwe, kodwa ke iingcali zazicacile ukuba kukho imfazwe yokwenene, imiphumo lezimangalo zomoya hlobo ukuze kube umxhelo. Inyaniso kukuba kuba iimpawu zayo zonke, le ndlela wadalwa kweminye imisebenzi. Inkoliso yabo Amabhaxa, retrofit okusawula lwangaphandle iklasi izixhobo ezongezelelweyo 'umoya-lizwe'. Noko ke, kwakukho stormtroopers (umzekelo, ngokufanayo Su-7B), kodwa ke uphuhliso olukhawulezayo kwinqanaba phambi-umgca womoya esemqoka kule nkampu leentshaba ezinokubakho ezingazange ziphefumlelwe amathemba enkulu. Loo Vietnam War, esalinikwayo ithuba elikhethekileyo ukufunda ngamava pilot American (rhoqo buhlungu) uze uchonge umfanekiso ngokubanzi imisebenzi inkxaso phantsi moya nombono.

Ukuzimisela iimfuno zemigaqo

Ngowe-1969, amaziko agcina inkcazelo uyilo lweenqwelo eziliqela, kuquka edumileyo (Mikoyan, Yakovlev, Ilyushin, Sukhoi), bacelwa ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kolu khuphiswano ukwenzela iprojekthi ilungileyo moya inkxaso kwebhola. Zonke ezi ofisi waba nendlela yabo, kunye namava yesikolo, kuquka nezifumaneka ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Xa banesifo emva kwexesha namnye ngaphandle SV Ilyushin idale yamnandi ukuhlasela moya IL-2, ukwenza le mpi msebenzi ethile. Ngoku ke kwafuneka ukuba kuyilwe into efana nale, kodwa ixesha jet entsha. -Moya, ngokutsho umkhosi, kufuneka ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• ukukwazi ukuba abe negalelo elinempumelelo imikhosi emhlabeni phezu yeqonga emfazwe komhlaba;
• ukwenza combat iihambo imini nobusuku naphantsi nayiphi nokubonakala, nokuba zero;
• nemozulu;
• survivability eliphezulu oluboniswe counteraction esebenzayo lutshaba badubula;
• firepower kakhulu kunye neentlobo kwezixhobo arsenal, kuquka uqhagamshelwano lwetshiphu emsebenzi-ngqo;
• moya kufuneka yayilula, ukungafuni kwiimeko yokusebenza kwaye kulula ukuba nokulawula.

Olu khuphiswano elo Sukhoi, oko makucelwe umzobo moya T-8, nto leyo eyaba kwase ye nedabi moya vehicles "Grach" Su-25.

kweminyaka elishumi umsebenzi

Akukho mfuneko yokuba ukuthetha iinkcukacha malunga yokuyila njani moya. off wakhe wokuqala wenza ngo-1975 (Test Pilot - Ilyushin), kwaye oku kulandelayo iye izicwangciso ukuvelisa thotho lamazibuko (Tbilisi Aircraft Ulwenziwo lokuthile) zaye zaqulunqwa. Eminye iminyaka emine usebenza kwi uyilo lokugqibela, yaye uhlelo 1979 kwaqala. Le projekthi ukhokelwa M. P. Simonov kunye O. Samoylovich. I Su-25 'Grach "wabonisa yokusebenza omhle kangangokuba ebandakanyeka nangoko kwimisebenzi yokulwa phezu amaphondo Afghanistan kaThixo, ukuba wenjenjalo umsebenzi uvavanyo phantsi kweemeko eyona yokulwa.

design

Phezu kwamanzi, lo moya mhle, iye eziliqela silhouette "humpbacked", okubangelwa itanki yezibaso isambuku esemva-moya, kodwa kubonakale unenkohliso. Su-25 'Grach "yakhiwe phezu scheme monoplane oluqhelekileyo. Vysokoraspolozhennoe iphiko, fuselage riveted. Kalula Kwakhona akukho eyahlukileyo kuyo nayiphi na kuyo. Iphiko elide, ummandla ewonke macala-30. m, kunye kuyitshayela eliphantsi. Akukho nto ayimangalisi kule: i Su-25 'Grach "- moya ukuhlasela subsonic, ngesantya esiphezulu ke ingafuneki. Kunokuba stably ukuntywila yintloko degrees 30 700 km / h. Enamavili gear kokwehla, impumlo bahambahamba asuswa ukuze akufuneki angqamane umpu. iitanki zidliwe ezintlanu: ezimbini iinqwelomoya, omnye ibekwe kwicandelo osembindini ezimbini ngaphezulu ngaphakathi fuselage. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuba iitoni ezintathu separafini. Ngokokwakheka ngaphandle obandayo izikhongozeli ezibini ngaphezulu ejingayo. Ngokubanzi, i uqala "Grach" Su-25 - i-moya eqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kobunzima. Imimangaliso kuvela uhlolo ngenyameko iimpawu zayo.

Zempi unamandla

zifana seIRT nesalamane esikude ye-IL-2 kukukwazi ukusebenza undizela ngaphantsi umlilo imipu anti-moya mhlawumbi iinkqubo air wokhuselo irula. Ngoko indiza ikwazi ukumelana ezi zinto entshabalalo, nabayili kwafuneka pretty olukhohlisayo. SU-25 "Rook" - vehicles kuhlaselwa subsonic - luquka ngaphezu kwe-7% ubunzima balo zizonke iindlela zokukhusela kwisixando sokwenziwa. Ingakumbi oku kusebenza umqhubi. Emva kwayo izingxobo headrest sentsimbi, phambi - ngaphaya ntathu 6.5-intshi broneblok, kwaye emacaleni - a titanium enzima-umsebenzi. Kukubek ukukhusela amacandelo zibalulekile kunye neendibano, iinkqubo efanayo. Umsebenzi onzima kakhulu kwaze "Stinger" litshitshiswe Su-25 'Grach ". Soviet vehicles moya ukuhlasela subsonic babuyela zokuchopha qhu zinemingxuma bullet, yaye ngamanye amaxesha kunye injini vyvorochennye kwesinye eseleyo.

firepower

Ekhaya amandla obulalayo lo moya ukuhlasela obekwe phantsi iinqwelomoya, ngesantya esingaphantsi ezilishumi ukumiswa lwangaphandle. Isibhozo kubo ziyilelwe semitones abaninzi. Iyonke ukulwa umthwalo - 4.4 m Thelekisa, ukuthutha AN-26 kuthatha kwibhodi 6 iitoni imithwalo .. Inani izixhobo ezisetyenziswa yi umoya, ifikelela inani ka 32, kwaye mayixhonywe kwi iipayiloni ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo lwendibaniso, kuquka imijukujelwa abancediswayo engakhokelwa eyenzelwe ukutshabalalisa ekujoliswe emhlabeni nomoya, iziqhushumbisi zonke iintlobo lamatanki kunye napalm (500 kg) kwaye imidumba gun imisiwe. Kukho kwakhona bodidi eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi umpu umphanda-ezimbini entabeni 30mm (iGroote-30). Kuba nokuba kunzima isigqibo ngendlela ukubiza kakuhle Su-25 'Grach "okanye" itanki flying'? Uthelekiso ayikho bekekhetha ilizwe "nabo".

Ukunyamekela malunga pilot

Ngexesha pilot Great Patriotic ngokufuthi wafa stormtroopers. Abachaphazelekayo iimeko ezizodwa yokusebenza yokulwa, ukuphakama elisezantsi kunye nokunqongophala catapults. Seat K-36L, nto leyo lixhotyiswe "Rook" Su-25, uya kusindisa abo basalingwayo, kwanokuba kufuneka ukuba ushiye imoto kwi zero ephakame ngesantya amawaka eekhilomitha ngeyure nganye. Oku kusenokuba zingqondweni (umzekelo, abanengxaki ukucima kombane olubi), kwimeko apho umsebenzi kwanyanzeleka nitrogen kunye nendawo isitali isithuba kuya kuhlenga-ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukongeza, ubomi elingwayo kugcina isikrweqe sele kukhankanywe abanesidanga eliphezulu lokhuseleko. Kuba lonke ixesha yokusebenza, kuquka kwiimeko yokulwa, ngenxa yokuba ukufa lolingelo emoyeni khange ezilahlekileyo nayiphi na Su-25 'Grach ". kuhlaselwa Zempi ukumelana nokuba hit ngqo ngu kwebhombu.

Empini

"Wenza bt yakhe" lo moya, njengoko kuchaziwe kweli nqaku, esibhakabhakeni eshushu Afghanistan. Ukuba ekuqaleni kwembambano eSoviet Air Force waziva ekhuselekileyo kakhulu, ngoko yi yee-yee-, imikhosi mujahideen evela "abahlobo American 'Iindlela zakhe umoya ephathwayo zokhuselo, apho nzima kakhulu zombini uthutho kunye nokubulawa yokulwa koxolo. Kunjalo, bandisa, eziqalayo Su-25 'Grach' iminyaka esibhozo yemfazwe ziye zenza malunga 60,000 nokuhlasela, nganye siye saphumelela kakhulu. Isizathu sokuba amaxabiso aphezulu waba inkqubo abalibona wephimpi-17BTS-8, nto leyo enika ukuchaneka iculo, kunye namanye amacandelo amaninzi avionics eyenziwe kuquka nokusetyenziswa kwethekhinoloji laser. Indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa kunye izabatha ubushushu, iziphazamiso "Stingers"-moya, - ukuba ezisetyenziswa kwezinye moya Soviet indiza phezu yokubonela Afghanistan imisebenzi. I Isidlo walahlekelwa 23 moya "alingenele ngokudubula phantsi" avareji iiyure 2800 (oko okuninzi). Aircraft "Grach" Su-25 wenziwe 139 esazisa eliphezulu-ngqo imijukujelwa ekhokelwa kwi ngeengongoma ukumelana mujahideen, yaye ezimbini kuphela kubo ifikelele usukelo.

Stormtrooper liye laba "workhorse" engundoqo ngexesha lephulo yokuqala Chechen (1994-1996), kweli xesha, namabutho wadubula phantsi iiyunithi ezine. ngegalelo lakhe elikhulu kwisigaba sesibini impixano, emva koko kweli lizwe ekugqibeleni seluxolweni.

ukusebenza Excellent, ukuthembeka, benolungelelwano-moya negalelo izibonelelo lwakhe. Nguye inkonzo kunye kumazwe aliqela, kubandakanywa yaba Warsaw Pact. Kubuhlungu, kodwa intengiso best for a ezontathu ukuzibandakanya kwayo kwiimfazwe lwasekuhlaleni, nto leyo ekupheleni XX ngqalo xxi kwiinkulungwane ngokwaneleyo. Uhlaselo yiSoviet owalwa e-Angola (1975-2002), Iraq (1980-1988), Tajikistan (1992-1997), Abkhazia (1992-1993), Karabakh (1991-1994), i-Congo, Ethiopia (1998-2000), Macedonia ( 2001), kwakhona e-Iraq (1991) kunye nezinye "amabala ashushu". uluhlu Okubuhlungu ngo-2014 Ukraine waqhubeka.

Ngaphambi kwenkonzo ende

Ebudeni 'ubuhlobo enkulu "eUnited States luhlobo" exchange yamava "bangamajoni kwamagunya amakhulu amabini, apho kwafuneka ithuba ukuthelekisa iisampuli izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, ezi bandisa US bakwazi ukuvavanya amathuba ukubhabha Su-25 'Grach ". pilot abanamava ababekhonza iminyaka emininzi kwi-US Air Force, kwakhokelela kumnandi ngokupheleleyo ebukekayo kwimboniselo moya, nto leyo kwaba lula kakhulu ukuzilawula. Nangona yobudala ezifanelekileyo zophuhliso kunye nokupheliswa kanye imveliso yalo, yokuhlasela akakhange azisebenzise zenzeke. Okwangoku, Air Force and waseManzini ye-Russian Federation besemsebenzini malunga 240 "ehlasela" zokuguqulwa ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, imikhosi exhobileyo yamanye amazwe Musa ukungxama ukuthumela kuye umhlala-phantsi. Abaninzi kubo Belarus (malunga nekhulu) kunye Ukraine (35), kodwa nabaqhubi emkhosini ulingo kumazwe. Ukususela ngowe-1999, wazithwala phandle yotshintsho enzulu park uzobe olwenziwe Russian Air Force, kuquka Su-25 'Grach ". Russian vehicles moya ukuhlasela subsonic baya kuba kwinkonzo de ubuncinane 2020.