American irula Ukhozi 9: iimpawu kunye photo

Juni 28, 2015 at 17:21 (ixesha eMoscow) kwindawo launch e Cape Canaveral akuphumelelanga kanye ukuqalisa ngexabiso "Falcon 9". Ukhozi 9 irula sele ilungiselelwe yinkampani yabucala US SpaceX, eyasekwa yi uElon must.

"Ukhozi" kunye NASA

NASA ngo-2008 basayina isivumelwano kunye nkampani kukuba ukwenza ngokusesikweni ophethe irula "Falcon 9" Dragon kunye baxhomekeka. Kwaloo ingcamango yokuba kuveliswe le hlobo yenethiwekhi irula leyo isuke kukuba luthotho akuphumelelanga esazisa Space Shuttle. Kwaye ke uElon must uceba ukunciphisa iindleko lamaphulo isithuba izihlandlo ezili-10. Noko ke, lo msebenzi ngelo xesha lwaluqikelelwa yaxabisa $ 1.6 yezigidi zezigidi.

Ayiphumelelanga ngokusesikweni irula awaphule inani lemisebenzi, ebekwe yi-NASA, ukongeza imveliso ye-ISS iziphekepheke Space Shuttle. Ukhozi 9 irula ethwele iitoni 1,8 ye imithwalo.

Eyona njongo iphambili, leyo kuthiwa ukwenza oku sungula, ukuba nizalise ukutya amalungu ISS. Ukongeza, le rocket kwakhona wathwala block okuchumisa Indawo samandla International (Ida), yi kwendiza. Esi sikhululo kokumisa zalishumi 526 kg kufuneka ukuququzelela Dragon iziphekepheke ibekwe-ISS. Ukulungiselela iinjongo ezifanayo Dragon wazama ukumkhulula kwaye zilungele ukuba spacewalk. Alithandabuzeki elokuba, ilahleko amacandelo ebalulekileyo nefuthe elibi kwishedyuli yomsebenzi lwenzululwazi ababekhwele kweso ISS.

Kodwa loo nto konke! Ukhozi 9 irula dubulo wabulala 8 Hewana Umhlambi 1F, eveliswa ngokomyalelo Planet Labs. Yaye ngamnye kubo bamthwala unit ezintathu CubeSat, leyo ukuba agcine Umhlaba kwimo optical.

Ukhozi 9: Ukucacisa

ukwakhiwa irula yenzelwe ukuze ukuba izixhobo kwisigaba ngasinye avionics ezifakwe kunye ibhodi computers, leyo eyenzelwe ukulawula yonke yoMgaqo-moya.

Zonke avionics ezisetyenziswa ababekhwele kweso rocket, eyenziwe SpaceX. Kwakhona, ukongeza kwindlela yayo zolawulo, ukuphucula ukuchaneka kwindledlana usebenzisa izixhobo GPS.

Ukongeza, kuba injini nganye ifakiwe umnikazi isilawuli, leyo rhoqo iliso zonke yoMgaqo-injini. isilawuli nganye linamacandelo amathathu iprosesa ukuphucula inkqubo ukuthembeka.

Ukhozi 9 Isigaba-ezimbini rocket, yaye olu guqulelo sele kudlule iinguqulelo ezimbini:

• 9 version v1.0;
• 9 version v1.1.

Ngokungafaniyo version wesibini lokuqala ngokuthi Wamisa injini lisulungekile ngakumbi. Kwaye waziwa ngu indawo yabo injini asezantsi eqongeni.

Nangona iinguqulelo yenjini nesebenza separafini oxidizer ioksijini elulwelo, kodwa rocket Falcon 9 v1.1 sele ukubhajiswa iitoni 4,85 of payload, ngoxa enomjukujelwa shtatovskih "Falcon 9" v1.0 - 3 kuphela, 4 m.

Kulo version ubude 1.1 - 68.4 yeemitha ezinobunzima ukuqala iitoni 506 ka.

Ukuze siyiqonde ezi zicwangciso - ngexabiso Russian "Proton-M" kweemitha ezingama-10 (58.2 m), ukuqala ubunzima ngakumbi - iitoni 705. Kodwa "Proton-M" nezijikeleza payload iitoni 6,74 of.

isicelo NASA, ixabiso nosungulo Ukhetshe 9 $ 60 million, ngoxa kwi "Proton-M", eli nani $ 30 ezigidi ngaphezulu.

Ngoko ke inyathelo lokuqala?

Ukhozi 9 rocket ngokusesikweni NASA kunye pads ezimbini. Bona kulizwe omnye eFlorida, ezimbini California. Kwakhona, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka ukwandisa kwamagqabi ezimbini ngaphezulu.

inkampani SpaceX ngokuqhubekayo ukususela 2013, uyasebenza kwi ekudalweni nobuchwepheshe amacandelo ngebhegi ye Falcon 9 v1.1. Lilinge lokuqala ukugcina Ukhetshe 9 yabanjwa ngoJanuwari 2015. Ngokoqikelelo Ngeloxesha nomhlaba kummandla kweqonga ezidadayo. Kodwa ke imozulu embi elwandle akavumelekanga ukuba pick up ibakala rocket.

Kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ezi nzame ziye akubanga yimpumelelo. Akukho nanye kuzo uqala akukhange inkampani ukuqinisekisa ukuba asindise inqanaba.

uluvo isazi

Nangona kwimidiya ingxelo ukuba ukusungulwa yokugqibela ngempumelelo Ukhetshe 9 (Disemba 2015) wenza kube lula ukugcina iqonga esezantsi rocket, kodwa iingcali bathandabuze ukusetyenziswa kwixesha elizayo kweqonga yokuqala. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba, banikwe iqondo lobushushu efudumeleyo-up njengoko umzimba irula ekuqaleni nasebudeni ekuhleni, emva sicatshulwa yayo kudlule emkhathini ihlala ithuba elincinane kakhulu kwakhona ngokusebenzisa element irula.

Kodwa loo nto bonke. Ngebhegi, izinto ezongezelelweyo - oko eme bahambahamba, kunye nemali efunekayo zamafutha. Kwaye oku, ke, kunciphisa payload ukuya kwi-30%.

irula ezinokuthenjwa?

Ukusuka ku-2010 ukuya 2013 kwenziwe iqala ezintlanu, ezine apho - ngokupheleleyo indlela eqhelekileyo.

Kodwa ke bekusungulwa Ukhetshe 9 ngo-Oktobha 2012, kuye kwaqatshelwa yi ziingcali ngokuba "yaphumelela". Emva koko ke irula "Falcon 9" okokuqala kuthunyelwa izixhobo ISS ngelori Dragon. Kodwa Ukuveliswa ka Orbcomm-G2 satellite ibe orbit ayiphumelelanga ngenxa ye satellite yabekwa ibe orbit asezantsi kunokuba kwakucwangcisiwe.

Isiphumo sale "yaphumelela" Operation placheven. Orbcomm-G2 wahlala kwindledlana ixesha elide ne-12 Oktobha waloo nyaka, yatshiswa ngaphandle umkhondo apha emoyeni.

Ngokuphathelele oku umdla njengoko SpaceX uchaze kusilela. Ngokutsho kweengcali, kwakukho breakage ulusu kunye fairing kwi injini yokuqala-eqongeni.

Izinto ezibangela le ntlekele

Hayi ukuthembeka esongezwa kukuqhushumba rocket Falcon 9 Juni 2015 waba zibhabha ixesha elide - imizuzu 2 imizuzwana 19. Kwathi kamsinya nje akuba enomjukujelwa bafika kolawulo hypersonic, kwabakho uqhushumbo, yaye emva kwemizuzwana 8 Ukhetshe 9 iyangena ziingceba. NASA ngokubambisana SpaceX iye yasungula uphando ngoonobangela ntlekele.

Intloko Inkampani SpaceX ubeke phambili uguqulelo yayo. Ngokutsho ingcamango yakhe, le ngozi yenzeke ngenxa yoxinzelelo kwemfuneko kwi matanki kunye oxidant kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha xa kwinqanaba lokuqala okwangoku ngokwahlukana.

enye ingozi

Kakade ke, ingozi kwishishini sithuba, - hayi lwepaki enjalo. Umzekelo, kwi-US kulo nyaka, kwakukho iingozi ezintathu (kuthathelwa ingqalelo ntlekele, nto leyo eye ubunzima isithuthi sungula Ukhozi 9).

Ngo-Oktobha 2014, emva kokuba sungula ukusuka spaceport kwi Wallops Island, bekukho ukwanda zabucala yenethiwekhi rocket Antares. Kuye kulindeleke ukuba ukujikeleza ISS ilori Cygnus (i zibini iveliswayo Sciences Orbital).

Kwakhona ngo-2014, ilalhekile omnye inqanawa SpaceShipTwo. Bekucingelwa ukuba iza kubulawa moya abakhenkethi suborbital. Kunye yenkampani Virgin esembindini nangoku ezama ukuphelisa izinto ezibangela le ngozi.

Ukuphehlelelwa yokuqala rocket umthuthi "Proton-M" senzeka Aprili 7, 2001. Ke irula kunye eliphezulu inqanaba "Breeze-M" sele sifakiwe kwi orbit satellite "ekran-M" ngempumelelo. Kwinkqubo yolawulo enomjukujelwa efakiweyo uguqulelo oluphuculweyo, kuphuhlise nokuvavanywa propellant ngokusebenzisa heptyl, nto leyo eyaziwa ukuba enetyhefu ngabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kwakhona, inkqubo entsha iya kwandisa ubunzima payload ukuba ukujikeleza.

Ukususela ngoko, liye 90 launches of "Proton-M", kodwa 80 kuphela kubo rhoqo ngokupheleleyo. Eyona unobangela kwiimeko zongxamiseko okubangelwe lokungaphumeleli kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, amanani ezinjalo akukho Isalathisi yimpumelelo for imijukujelwa kunye nembali afumileyo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, Ukhetshe 9 irula dubulo kuya kukunceda ukuba uqonde ngcono iimpazamo zayo kubathabathela akhawunti kuqaliso olulandelayo.

Yintoni elandelayo?

Okwangoku, imithwalo kwi-ISS sikarhulumente:

• Russian "Inkqubela";
• HTV Japanese;
• Dragon;
• Cygnus.

Large NASA uthemba kwi Dragon njengeyunithi ukuba uyakwazi ukubuyela impahla ukusuka ISS Emhlabeni. Isivumelwano kunye nale nkampani iye yandiswa ku-2017, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba siqale 15.

Ixesha lokugqibela esi somelezi Falcon 9 kunye Dragon Abasebenzi Transport iye yagqitywa ngempumelelo umsebenzi wayo ngoDisemba 22, 2015

NASA esitsho engathandabuzi ukuba ingozi kunye Ukhetshe 9 aluthinteli nokudalwa baxhomekeka swi. inkampani SpaceX iceba ukuba ethule emikhulu Falcon Heavy ngexabiso phantsi kwale nkqubo. Oku kusungulwa bakwazi ukukhuphisana yaye "Proton 'Russian, kwaye esandi yaseYurophu 5.

Ingozi, wahlaselwa US rocket Ukhozi 9, lubonise kwakhona ukuba akukho mntu omzimba kwintlekele xa ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni.