Spratly Islands: ifoto, imbali, ungubani, nokuzonwabisa. Battle e Spratlys (1988)

Spratly Islands - a Ncebakazi encinane yaseMzantsi Sea China. elide Baye baba isifundo abaxabana phakathi kwamazwe eziliqela, kudala ndizama ukuthatha ulawulo. Iindawo ezininzi ezintle ehlabathini baba ingongoma yemfazwe, iingxabano ekrakra phakathi kwamazwe eziliqela.

sendawo

In the South Sea China amatye phezu 400 ezahlukeneyo, izixhobo kunye namanye amaziko, kuquka malunga 200 zifakiwe kwi-Spratly leziqithi. Zonke ezi ziqithi imvelaphi ekuqaleni izixhobo. Bona ephantsi amancinci. Ukuphakama ayikho neemitha ngaphezu kwe-6. Zakuba ezi siqithi ukubunjwa zazibizwa Coral Island.

Spartli Islands eMzantsi Sea China. Le ulwandle - isithuba semi-sethi lwePasifiki, ephakathi kunxweme Asia, ichibi, Indochina kunye Malay Peninsula, e eSumatra, Kalimantan, Palawan, Mindoro kunye Taiwan. South Sea China na iziqithi sisityebi. Kufutshane kukho iindlela ezininzi inkulu egiyeni ehlabathini. Ngokutsho iinkcukacha zenzululwazi kule ndawo bakwezolimo oovimba enkulu oyile negesi. Ekuqaleni ulwandle into qhinga, ngokuba amanzi ayo ahlambe kunxweme amagunya ezintandathu emikhulu.

Imvelaphi kwiziqithi

Uninzi kwiziqithi - amanzi ukufuna kolwandle, izixhobo, amawa zamatye, ungafanelekanga ukuba ubomi babantu, ngokunjalo emele yingxaki enkulu yendawo yogcino zaselwandle. Kodwa phantsi kwezi ziqithi qhinga kunye nezopolitiko amancinci zinokubaluleka kakhulu ehlabathini. Emva ilifa labo ivumela urhulumente-umnini ukuba ibango kuphela kwiziqithi ngokwabo, kodwa kwakhona kwisithuba osecaleni amanzi, kubandakanywa izibonelelo. Kude ekupheleni 70s kwenkulungwane wokugqibela izixhobo ezingaphiliyo enamatye neziqithi zayo nayiphi umdla yena ebengekho.

Spratly Islands ndawo - yi ariya malunga 180.000 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Nale ndawo yokuba ndawo mhlaba ngokwalo kancinci nje ngaphezulu kwe-10 square metres. ukusuka, kubandakanywa amaxesha kubonakala phezu komhlaba imfundo yolwandle. Ifunyanwa Spratly Islands fotokotoryh thaca kweli nqaku, ngasezantsi Paracel Nqabakazi 500 leekhilomitha. Inani labo akwenzeki njalo, kuxhomekeke ixesha imozulu kunye masisiqhube. Yonke imfundo bagcwele elwandle ngohlobo kukho ubude pewa phantse 1000 leekhilomitha. Ukususa bevela "ilizwekazi":

• Kalimantan - 30 km.
• Palawan - 60 km.
• Vietnamese Cam Mr kwizibuko - 460 km.
• China of Hainan - 970 km.

imbali

Imbali i Spratly Islands ngu:

• Buyela ngo-'59 BC yenziwa ngokusesikweni ukukhankanywa lokuqala mbali Chinese malunga ziqithi, ngoko eyaba zejografi ezaziwayo le Han Dynasty.
• Kuphela 1211, Nqabakazi yaqala zifakwe kwi imephu China.
• Ngowe-1405, i-edumileyo esasihamba Chinese Chzhen Wafika ke undwendwele inani iziqithi.
• Ngowe-1478 lokonakalisa inqanawa china phezu izixhobo Nqabakazi.
• Ngowe-1530, umhloli Alvarez De Albuquerque Diegos wathunyelwa kukhangelwa indlela Chinese. Ngelo xesha yena utyelela iziqithi esentshona lencinibakazi.
• Kule ndawo ngo-1606 yaseSpain Andreas De Pessora ubiza Wasisusa siqithi - Santa Esmeralda Pekuena. Yaba enye coral, i Spratly Nqabakazi.
• Ngenkulungwane ye-17, "Card umendo kwi Lands Southern" De Va ziyathetha Spratly Islands, ebizwa ngokuba "intlabathi mthubi" libhekisela kwiphondo Chinese Kuangigay. Emva koko, Nguyen ubukhosi lokulawula uqala ukuthumela unyaka ngamnye ukuya kunxweme 18 iinqanawa abo iziqithi.
• Ngokusekelwe amanqaku Chinese zembali thaca data abasusela ku-1710, i-declaration ka Spratly Islands ubunini Chinese. Ngelo xesha kwi North Island ndikwakhele ipomakazi encinane IST Key.
• Ngowe-1714 ezintathu nqanawa Dutch iya kwaphuka kude emdeni Spratlys. Abalobi Vietnamese wophula iqela. I-Dutch phambi umlawuli, waza wathumela ekhaya.
• Umlawuli we Nguyen Dynasty uthi "Inkampani Hoang Sa 'ukuba kusetyenziswe amanzi kwiziqithi yaseMzantsi Sea China. Ithunyelwa ababandakanyekayo kule nkampani ukufikelela kuzo zonke iziqithi amaxesha 6 ngonyaka.
• Ukususela kwiminyaka 1730 ukuya 1735, i-Pirates wasebenzisa Spratly Islands njenge isiseko ngamaqalela ukuhlaselwa abadlula Dutch, British neenqanawa isiPhuthukezi. Ngowe-1735, amaNgesi kutshabalalisa P indlwane kwi Nqabakazi.
• Kweli thuba ukususela 1758 ukuya 1768 ngexesha gosa French Sharl Ektor Théoden watyelela Vietnam ukuze usebenzise Spratly Nqabakazi yokupaka izithuthi zabo. Ngelo xesha uphawula ebusweni ngemipu nokuphosa yaseYurophu ezithatyathwe iinqanawa zaphuka e-Nqabakazi kude nonxweme.
• Umbhali-mbali Le Ki Don ngo-1784 inika inkcazelo entsha kwiziqithi coral.
• Ngowe-1786, Generalissimo Tay noNyana ubadlisa umyalelo uqale elinde kwiziqithi zegolide, isilivere nemipu ezinqanaweni ezazikayo, kwakunye nokufumana kweentlanzi ezinqabileyo kunye amaqokobhe of Ufudo. Ukulungiselela le njongo abelwe iinqanawa 4.
• Ngo1791, British Captain Henry Spratly siqithi inika eliqela yezemfundo. Them unika igama lakhe ngokusemthethweni.
• Ngowe-1798, ngomhla sisiqithi Spratly Nqabakazi, amaBritane ekhwele injengenqaba okuboniweyo. amanxiwa Its basekhona.
• Ngowe-1816, uMlawuli Gia Long of Vietnam ngokusesikweni wavakalisa ulongamo yayo kwaye kulawula phezu Spratly Islands.
• Kweli xesha ukusuka kwiminyaka 1835 ukuya 1847, wakukhankanya Paracel Islands kunye Spratly Islands zifumaneka ngokuphindaphindiweyo amaxwebhu abalawuli Vietnamese. Kulo mzekelo, akukho bungqina kwiziqithi alunge China.
• Ngowe-1847, i-uKhesare of China wakhupha ummiselo osemthethweni ulawulo amazwe iinqanawa Spratly sokuhlola indawo.
• Ngowe-1848, uKumkani olawulayo of Nam Ha Vietnamese yakha inqaba encinane emkhosini esweni intsebenzo azinakulawuleka angaphandle ziqithi.
• mbali French Dubois de Jancigny ngo-1850 ungqina kwibhodi kwiziqithi uKumkani Vietnam.
• Xa "lwezincoko kwimbali Vietnam," Nguen Chong ngo-1876 ukhankanya iziqithi koluphi amazwe ubukumkani.
• Kwisiqithi Amboyna French lighthouse yakhiwa ngo-1887.
• Ngaselunxwemeni lencinibakazi ngo-1895, zasuka zatshona iinqanawa ezimbini lithwele zobhedu. Impahla sifune uthabathe abahlali kwisiqithi Hainan. UK uthumela bhala bekhalaza kwiinkokheli Chinese. Noko ke, ukuba ufumana impendulo ukuba ummandla apho kwenzeka ukuwa, kunye China akunjalo, kwaye urhulumente Chinese obangela ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwi Spratly Islands.
• Ngowe-1898, xa kokusayina isivumelwano Spanish-American ikhankanya ukuba imida ezisemthethweni kwiiPhilippines, kwaye ummandla Spratly ayiqukwanga.
• Ngowe-1901, ngenkani Japan usebenzisa Dongsha Island, yaye ngowe-1908 wathengisa ngayo eTshayina.
• Ngowe-1906 wapapasha i "Guide to Geography of China", leyo ichazwe ngokucacileyo imida yelizwe. Spratly Islands azifakwanga.
• NgoJuni 1909, irhuluneli ukuba amaphondo amaTshayina ka Guangdong kunye Guangxi wathumela gunboats zomkhosi kwiziqithi ukufaka.
• hambo French ngo-1925 uqinisekisa ukuba Paracel Islands eziyinxalenye State of Vietnam.
• French ukuba "De Lanessan" zithunyelwa kunxweme Spratly Nqabakazi ukuhlola eMaldives kunye isigidi phosphate.
• Ngowe-1930, ngokomyalelo wesiqithi kweRhuluneli Indochina General Spratly wavakalisa intsimi French.
• Ngowe-1933, kukho umsebenzi yamajoni eziliqela iziqithi eMzantsi China Sea, kuquka Spratly.
• NgoDisemba 1933, Nqabakazi Spratly waquka Cochin China (China) kwiphondo. Spratly Island ibizwa Nansha.
• UMphathiswa Foreign Japanese ngoMatshi 1939 eshumayela Spratly Islands kwintsimi yaseJapan. Ngo-Epreli, yokulwisana France, ebonisa ilungelo labo ilizwe.
• Ngowe-1945, Japan renounces ibango kwayo Spratlys. A imikhosi Chinese lawela Nqabakazi phantsi benze ukuphucwa amajoni Japanese.
• Ngowe-1947, le nto babacokisela, igosa uqhankqalazo evela kuRhulumente French of China malunga nomsebenzi okungekho mthethweni kwi Spratly Islands. NgoDisemba, lo ummiselo siqhubeka isabelo leziqithi amaqela siqithi Paracel kunye namagama Spratly Chinese le Xisha kunye Nansha Islands, ngokulandelelana. Bonke bephela zibandakanyiwe China.
• Ngowe-1950, amajoni karhulumente eTshayina shiya siqithi, ezimela eTaiwan.
• Urhulumente Philippine ubanga ubunini iziqithi-1951. China uqhankqalazo. Urhulumente Vietnamese Bao Daya utsho ubunganga yayo. Kwangaxeshanye, Japan ulilahlile ngokupheleleyo amabango ayo.
• Ngowe-1956, kwakukho isidubedube yezopolitiko kunye zomkhosi phakathi kwiiPhilippines, China, Vietnam. France baziswe ngamalungelo abo asemthethweni ukuya Spratly Islands.
• amazwe ezintandathu phambi 1974 bekukho iimbambano phezu ubunini lencinibakazi. iziqithi ezahlukeneyo bafudukela kwiimo ezahlukeneyo.
• NgoJanuwari 1974 bombardment lokuqala ezinye iziqithi ukusuka eTshayina senziwa. URhulumente Vietnamese ucele uncedo weZizwe eziManyeneyo. Ke intloko Vietnamese Foreign Ministry wabhenela eUnited States.
• De-1988, bekukho kobuxhakaxhaka encinci kwisahlulo kummandla iziqithi eMzantsi Sea China. Ngowe-1984, Brunei inamathele iimbambano.
• Ngowe-1988, i-yongquzulwano ngezixhobo kwenzeka. Battle kuba Spratly Islands kwenzeka phakathi wamajoni China kunye Vietnam kummandla ulwalwa Johnson iqela Spratly Islands. Ngelo xesha sandibulala 70 oomatiloshe Vietnamese. I-Battle of the Spratly Islands ngowe-1988 liye laba ezibulewe kuba ixesha lonke kwiimbambano amabango. isekiwe Inani zamajoni Chinese.
• Phambi ko-1996, kwakukho ulibambe umhlaba ngaphandle kwegazi. NgoJanuwari 1996, kwakukho lidabi zokudubula phakathi Philippine kunye iinqanawa Chinese.
• Sekunjalo iimpikiswano indawo musa kupheza; kodwa watshintshela kwikhosi ngoxolo.

Iimbambano phezu Spratly

iingxabano Territorial, ezaba siqithi iziko Spratly, kokwabo zeLizwe, zisekelwe yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, eliyinhloko iyile:

• izisusa politiko.
• Ukulawulwa kweendlela zothutho.
• Ubukho kule ngingqi.
• Ukwandiswa kwemida kunye nemimandla kwezoqoqosho.
• Ekufundeni zonke izibonelelo zendalo kulo mmandla.

Kulo mzekelo, i elirhoxisa yintliziyo ezele Spratlys akanayo izicwangciso ukwenza naliphi na ilizwe isicelo kuzo. Noko ke, urhulumente omtsha, bathi izilangazelelo yayo Nqabakazi. Le eUnited States, inzala ka-lizwe - oyile. Zonke iziqithi zithathwa babenokuba hydrocarbon.

Ukulawulwa kwiziqithi

Ngalo mzuzu apha eMzantsi China Sea, imeko enzima. Ulungelelwaniso imikhosi kwaye unika iqela le Spratly Islands ngu:

• China usebenzisa ulawulo phezu akaphumelelanga ezisithoba lencinibakazi.
• Amabutho of Vietnam bahlala phezu 21 siqithi.
• Philippines zodwa 8 Islands.
• Malaysia 3 elawula siqithi.
• Kwi siqithi sikhulu Taypindao zizinto e Taiwan.
• Ezinye iziqithi ahlale mahala (noko).

Ukusetyenziswa "Umthetho yolwandle"

Ngoku kuphela "Umthetho yaselwandle" lingakwaziyo ukufumanisa ubume iziqithi. Ngoku "umsebenzi ngempumelelo". Oko kukuthi, phantsi komthetho naliphi na ilizwe ehlabathini akanalo ilungelo lokuba unokubanga indawo yoqoqosho amanzi okanye ukufaka shelf okufuphi. Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa zokusonjululwa kwiziqithi nokugcina imisebenzi yabo yezoqoqosho. Kodwa ke uninzi kwezi ziqithi amancinane kangangokuba okanye ngamaxesha athile kwana koko singakwazi ukuthetha ngokufika kwabo.

ngxabano zokuhlala

Yiyo loo nto ngo-1994, amanyathelo zokusonjululwa esinoxolo kwimpixano zenziwe. Yayamkela isigqibo malunga Ukuphunyezwa kweNkomfa UN. Vietnam neChina ndifikelele isivumelwano ekungathethwayo, isigqibo ukuphendula imibuzo malunga nobukhosi Spratly Islands lokuyihlehlisa iminyaka engama-50. Kuye kwagqitywa ukuphuhlisa kunye nezibonelelo zendalo qho mazwe.

Ukwakhiwa iziqithi ngumntu

Nangona kunjalo, i-Beijing esemthethweni uye wathi chatha kwimigudu yayo ukuphuhlisa kwithala ukususela ngo-2002. Umsebenzi waqala ekwakhiweni iziqithi ngumntu. Le inqala ingxabano kunye namanye amazwe. Eneneni, repopulating kwiziqithi, China uya kufumana igunya phezu kwazo.

iziqithi Artificial kwi Spratly Archipelago - iparadesi abakhenkethi. Kodwa ke ukuza kuthi ga ngoku bona bahlala kuphela emkhosini. China chu kwandisa indawo kwiziqithi 'babo "eMzantsi Sea China. La maziko aya kuba nako ukubuphikisa nokumelana nabo naziphi na izakhiwo. China lokushiya malunga US edlala uThixo, ukwenza ostrovostroitelstvom ukwala iRose zamatye isiqithi esihle kunye kwiilwandle emhlophe kunye neendawo eziluhlaza. Ngomhla omnye ulwalwa yangaphambili yakhiwe lokutyala-moya kunye greenhouse. On iziqithi yokufakelwa sele unayo 4 indiza.

Ngaphandle iinjongo zopolitiko ekwakhiweni kwezi ziqithi, China ubasukelayo ezoqoqosho. Ukudalwa kwiziqithi ngumntu uya kwenza China ukuvelisa ibango kuphela ukuba amanzi ngaphakathi neekhilomitha 200. US uthi China ukuba baqaphele iziqithi ngumntu eMzantsi Sea China ngo-2012, kodwa akukho amanyathelo okhuseleko apho.

Ngoku ngoncedo ukwanda sokwenziwa ezweni China iye yakwazi ukwandisa iifama zawo ezikwere zeekhilomitha 1.5. Ukwandisa indawo yesiqithi kuya kuvumela iqukuleqele izixhobo ezingabamelwane, akaphumelelanga kunye iziqithi.

Xa ujonge iziphumo zomsebenzi China kukho yimvakalelo ukuba Spratly Islands leholide nabakhenkethi baza kuba nako ukunika aph 'epheleleyo. Ukuba ukwakhiwa kwiziqithi ifikelele incopho yayo, nini zonke izibonelelo eziyimfuneko ukuze ukuhlala obutofotofo, i Spratly abe "eMecca" ukhenketho yehlabathi. Ukongeza, iimeko zemozulu kunye sendawo Islands akazifezekisi zonke iinqobo zonke indawo iholide elungileyo.