Smooth ijwabu imisipha: iimpawu zezakhiwo. Iimpawu smooth ijwabu kwezihlunu

izixwexwe Animal ukwenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo kakhulu umzimba eziphilileyo - ifomu kunye umgca onke amalungu kunye neenkqubo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi phakathi kwezi izihlunu uye oko kukuthi, njengokuba ukubaluleka kwayo kwi lokusekwa engaphandle kunye kwisisu engaphakathi iinxalenye noshowo eliphambili le yomzimba. Eli nqaku liza kujonga ukuba ijwabu kwezihlunu agudileyo, ingakumbi isakhiwo nemihlaba yaso.

Iintlobo zezi iithishu

Eziphilayo isilwanyana iindidi encinane imisipha:

• transversely ezinemizila;
• inyama kwezihlunu egudileyo.

Bobabini iimpawu zabo uphawu ngesakhiwo, imisebenzi kunye ivelisa ipropati. Ngapha koko, kulula ukuba ukwahlula phakathi kwabo. Ngapha koko, yaye sobabini ezabo ipatheni yazo ekhethekileyo, oko esekwe eyinxalenye macandelo protein le iiseli.

kakuhle Striated yahlulwe iindidi ezimbini eziphambili:

• skeleton;
• intliziyo.

Igama ngokwayo ibonisa iinkalo eziphambili indawo lomzimba. ibaluleke kakhulu iimpawu zayo, ngenxa yokuba lo musculature inika yindibanisela intliziyo, intshukumo kwamalungu kunye nezinye zonke iindawo ihamba omzimba. Noko ke, izihlunu smooth akukho kangako. Ziziphi iimpawu zayo, cinga ngakumbi.

Ngokubanzi, oku kungabonakala ukuba kuphela umsebenzi kakuhle ezinxityelelanisiweyo, zenziwa yi egudileyo kwaye striated izihlunu kwezihlunu, kuvumela umzimba uphela ukuba lisebenze ngempumelelo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukufumanisa ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ebonakalayo kubo akunakwenzeka.

Smooth ijwabu imisipha: iimpawu zezakhiwo

iimpawu Basic okungaqhelekanga yale isakhiwo kulala kubume nokwakhiwa zaso - iiseli kwezihlunu. Njengaye nawuphi na, eli laphu ukhandwa iqela leeseli ezifanayo kubume, iimpawu, ukwakhiwa kunye nemisebenzi eyenziwa. iimpawu eziqhelekileyo isakhiwo kungachazwa kwi iziqendu ezimbalwa.

1. Iseli nganye ejikelezwe yi tangle oxineneyo kwimicu kwizicwili, elijongeka capsule.
2. unit nganye noshowo ngokuqinileyo ukuya kwenye, kwizikhewu intercellular azinako bengekho. Oku kwenza lonke eli laphu ukuba zipakishwe, ezilungiselelweyo kunye aqinileyo.
3. Ngokungafaniyo noogxa striated, esi sakhiwo kufuneka wakhiwe zeeseli ngokwemilo ukungalingani.

Kakade ke, ayizizo zonke iimpawu eziye egudileyo ijwabu kwezihlunu. Iimpawu isakhiwo, njengokuba sele kucacisiwe ubuxoki myocytes ngokwabo, ukusebenza kwawo kunye nokwakheka. Ngoko ke, ngaphantsi umba kuya kuxoxwa ngayo ngokubanzi.

myocytes umsipha Smooth

Myocytes ezi semilo ezahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeka indawo ilungu elithile, ukuba ingaba:

• okweqanda;
• fusiform side;
• lirhangqwa;
• Process.

Noko ke, xa kunjalo, ukwakhiwa jikelele efanayo kubo. Bona ziqulathe organelles ezifana:

• ichazwe kakuhle kwaye ezisebenza mitochondria;
• Golgi complex;
• core, side kakhulu shape;
• reticulum endoplasmic;
• lysosomes.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, eqhelekileyo kunye inclusions kukho icytoplasm nayo ngoku. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, myocytes kwezihlunu agudileyo ngaphandle egubungele plasmolemma nje kuphela kodwa inwebu (Basal). It ubanika ithuba elingaphezulu qhagamshelana omnye.

Ezi ndawo contact ngakumbi egudileyo ijwabu kwezihlunu. Qhagamshelana indawo ekuthiwa Nexus. Ngawo, yaye ngenxa pores ukuba ezi ndawo apha inwebu, ubume usasazwa ugqithiselwa ngesixokelelwano phakathi kwiiseli, ulwazi abelane iimolekyuli zamanzi kunye nezinye kusitsha.

Kukho nenye inkalo engaqhelekanga, nto leyo eye ijwabu kwezihlunu kakuhle. Iimpawu ubume be-myocytes balo ukuba bonke bephela kuba kwalapho. Kutheni na Nexus kubaluleke kangaka. Enoba iseli enye akuthethi ahlale ngaphandle innervation, kwaye isantya kufuneka ayihambi ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo elandelayo phezu laphu.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini ezisisiseko weeseli kwezihlunu.

1. Secretory. Owona msebenzi wabo isizukulwana kunye beqokelela granules glycogen, ukugcina ezininzi polysomes mitochondria kunye neeyunithi ribosomal. Igama isakhiwo kuvela iiproteni eziqulathwe kuyo. Le contractile zixhobo actin kunye imicu fibrin. Ezi seli badla abekiwe kwi kwimiphetho esikule.
2. Smooth imicu kwezihlunu. Yiba uhlobo kwezakhiwo yokusonta-ezimile evuthelweyo equlathe i ngumongo neqanda lususwa phakathi ebuhlanti. Elinye igama leyomiotsity. Luphawulwa yokuba babe ubukhulu amakhulu. Ezinye kwamasuntswana unegunya ukufikelela 500 microns! Lo ngowona nani ebalulekileyo imvelaphi yazo zonke ezinye iiseli emzimbeni ixesha elide ngaphandle eqandeni.

umsebenzi kwemisipha smooth kwakhona kwi yokuba nokulungelelanisa ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• glycoproteins;
• procollagen;
• elastanes;
• into intercellular;
• proteoglycans.

umsebenzi Joint wokubambisana nentsebenziswano Iintlobo ezikhethiweyo myocytes nesakhiwo lwabo mbutho unika a inyama kwezihlunu egudileyo.

Imvelaphi yalo imisipha

Umthombo ukuyilwa olu hlobo kwi izihlunu umzimba ngaphezu kwesinye. kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili ngenxa imvelaphi. Oku obucacisa ngeeyantlukwano, leyo ubume egudileyo ijwabu kwezihlunu.

1. imvelaphi Mesenchymal. Le yinxalenye enkulu imicu agudileyo. Kungenxa mezenhimi abunjwe phantse zonke izicwili exhonywe ngaphakathi amalungu vuphukuphuku.
2. imvelaphi Epidermal. Igama ngokwayo ithetha kwasendaweni kweziza - zonke amadlala ulusu kunye imibhobho. Bona zenziwe kwimicu ezigudileyo ukuba loo lobeko ifika. Xhopho, amathe, ubisi, iinyembezi - ezi amadlala cell efihlakeleyo ngenxa aphazamiseke myoepitheliocytes iiseli - amasuntswana noshowo umzimba ingqalelo.
3. imvelaphi zobuchopho. imicu abekiwe kwindawo ethile omnye - Iris yenye inwebu iliso. Ukuncitshiswa okanye wawandisa umntwana innervated kwaye ilawulwa ezi seli kwezihlunu egudileyo.

Nangona iimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo, isakhiwo lwangaphakathi neempawu bonke baqeshwe iintlobo iseli kwi esikule phantsi ingqalelo kuhlala malunga efanayo.

Eyona engundoqo iimpawu zomzimba

Iimpahla kwemisipha smooth kunxibelelana kwabo ukuze striated. Xa oku bamanyene. Zezi:

• conductivity;
• excitability;
• lability;
• contractility.

Ngelo xesha kukho phawu ngokwanelisayo ethile. Ukuba imisipha skeletal striated uyakwazi nciphisa ngokukhawuleza (oku kuboniswa kakuhle lingcangcazela emzimbeni womntu), ungenza ezigudileyo ixesha elide kubanjelwa zikarhulumente zixinaniswe. Ngaphezu koko, imisebenzi yalo abawuthobeli ukuthanda kwaye ingqondo yomntu. Ekubeni umnika nkqubo yawo luvo.

Eyona ibaluleke kakhulu kukukwazi isantya ulwandiso ixesha elide (unciphiso) kunye ukunyenyiswa efanayo. Ngoko ke, le isekelwe kumsebenzi lwesinye. Phantsi yesenzo kulwelo eziphilayo (umxholo wayo) iyakwazi ukuba kolulwa uze nciphisa. neendonga zaso zazizaliswe izihlunu kakuhle ngayo.

iiproteni cell

inyama Myocytes ingqalelo iqulethe iikhompawundi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi aba, inika imisebenzi ucutheko nokuphumla, babe iimolekyuli ziiprotein nje. Kubo bafumana apha:

• zixhobo myosin;
• actin;
• nebulin;
• connectin;
• tropomyosin.

Ezi zixhobo zikholisa elime kule ngingqi kukho icytoplasm yeseli ingadibani enye kwenye ngaphandle ngokwakha lokubolekwa. Nangona kunjalo, xa amalungu athile ezimilise izilwanyana iinyanda okanye imisonto, ebizwa myofibrils.

Indawo kwi esikule kwezi imiqadi ikakhulu longitudinal. Zombini ezi zixhobo myosin kunye actin. Isiphumo uthungelwano apho eziphelweni ezo ephothiweyo ezinye kwegqabi molecule protein. Kubalulekile ukuba nokwehliswa ngokukhawuleza nafanelekileyo lonke eli laphu.

Ukwehla ezingeyomfuneko yile ilandelayo: njengenxalenye kokusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi yeseli kufuneka vesicles pinocytic, leyo ngokuyimfuneko iqulethe ion calcium. Xa mnqweno luvo ifika, ukuthetha malunga imfuneko ukunciphisa eli qampu esondela fibril. Ngenxa yoko, i-calcium ion actin okukruqulayo kwaye phambili nzulu phakathi bemicu myosin. Oku kukhokelela oko kwayijikeleza plasma inwebu kwaye ngenxa myocyte lifinyele.

Smooth ijwabu imisipha: ukuzoba

Ukuba sithethe ngayo inyama striated, oku kalula striations. Kodwa apha njengokuba thina sicinga isakhiwo, ngoko oku kungenzeki. Kutheni indlela kwemisipha egudileyo yahluke kakhulu ngaphezu ummelwane wakhe osenyongweni? Oku kungenxa kubukho kunye nendawo macandelo protein le kule myocytes. Njengenxalenye esihlunwini agudileyo myofibril kwiindawana yendalo eyahlukileyo localized isiphithiphithi, kungekho imeko ngocwangco ezisisigxina.

Kungenxa yoko le nto ipateni laphu nje asifumaneki. In striated actin filament indawo ngokulandelelana yi umnqamlezo-myosin. Isiphumo umfanekiso - striation, ngenxa apho laphu ufumana igama layo.

Phantsi neemicroscope, ilaphu agudileyo ukhangela kakuhle kakhulu iimeko, ngenxa yesimo kufutshane omnye komnye longitudinally amalungiselelo myocytes evuthelweyo.

indawo Spatial emzimbeni

Smooth ijwabu kwemisipha yenza iqela elikhulu ngamalungu angaphakathi ebalulekileyo umzimba isilwanyana. Ngoko ke, yena walibumba:

• amathumbu;
• zangasese;
• zonke iintlobo imithambo yegazi;
• umhlaza;
• amalungu excretory le nkqubo;
• iphecana zemigudu;
• yinxalenye analyzer olubonakalayo;
• amalungu kwinkqubo yokwetyisa.

Ngokucacileyo, le lizwe yethishyu ethathelwa ingqalelo zahlukahlukene kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezulu, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iifom ezinjalo izihlunu becala ezo imizimba nenokuthi maxa wambi ichaphazeleke ukuzenzekela kulawulo.

Indlela alulame

Smooth ijwabu kwemisipha akha izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo ngokufanelekileyo ukuba bayakwazi ukuya ukuntshula. Ngako oko ke zibandakanya iindlela ezimbini ephambili ukwenzakala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo.

1. division mitotic Myocyte ukwenza ngenani elithandekayo kwithishyu. Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo elula nekhawulezayo alulame. Ngenxa yoko kukho ukubuyiselwa ngaphakathi naliphi na iqumrhu akhiwa umsipha kakuhle.
2. Myofibroblasts nako akuguquki egudileyo iiseli izihlunu zomzimba xa kuyimfuneko. Kuyinto kakhulu nzima kwaye yimiyalezo indlela nokuhlaziya ngokutsa kwithishyu.

Innervation kwemisipha agudileyo

Smooth ijwabu kwemisipha lenza imisebenzi yayo ngokuzimeleyo komphefumlo okanye ukuthingaza a ophilayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba luvo wayo uthwele nkqubo yawo luvo, kwakunye neenkqubo ze-luvo ganglia (spinal).

Kwaye umzekelo le ubungqina unako ukukhonza ukunciphisa okanye ukunyusa ubungakanani isisu, isibindi, udakada, ndisolulela kunye nokuhla lwesinye.

Imisebenzi smooth ijwabu kwezihlunu

Yintoni intsingiselo yalo sakhiwo? Kutheni smooth ijwabu kwezihlunu? Ukusebenza kulandela:

• ukunciphisa ixesha elide imizimba eludongeni;
• amahlebo imveliso;
• ukukwazi ukuphendula ezintweni kunye nefuthe excitability.