Rojava. Rojava ingxabano

Rojava ise emantla-ntshona kaGiliyadi (igama lendawo Syria) kwaye ithatha indawo enkulu. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ummandla ntonje ugqaliselo iindaba zehlabathi, ngenxa yokuba imisebenzi yokulwa kwi-sikhokelo imfazwe yamakhaya yaseSiriya. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, सुटणें ugwetyelo yenye amabala shushu kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Noko ke, le ndawo umdla kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo kubakhenkethi ngayo. Apha umntu uyakwazi ukubona zesikhumbuzo ezininzi yamandulo kunye nenkcubeko eminyaka ubudala yabantu nokusungula.

Inkcazelo ndawo

Rojava - kodwa kunokuba kwimimandla self-kumantla Aram. Phantsi kwe siseko, ummandla ziyinxalenye waseSiriya Arab Republic. Kodwa phantse-4 iminyaka intsimi de facto elawulwa nemibutho yasekuhlaleni. eyayigquba waseSiriya Kurdu yinxalenye kuphela ye ekuthiwa-Greater सुटणें ugwetyelo. Yiloo nto ke intsimi Kurds ohlala kulo. Kummandla सुटणें ugwetyelo yinxalenye ye-3 ithi: Syria, Turkey, Iraq. Kwaye akukho namnye kubo akukho ukuzimela. Nangona kunjalo, i Kurds kakhulu izinto kumzabalazo elide nokudala karhulumente wesizwe. Ngomhla kummandla yabantu umAram Kurdu abantu abaphantse babe zizigidi ezi-5, uninzi apho - the Kurds. Ukusetyenziswa Rozhava okanye Western सुटणें ugwetyelo (ekubeni ise entshonalanga ngokunxulumene kwezinye iindawo nabantu nokusungula) njenge self-mmandla.

Ulwakhiwo lwezopolitiko

iilwimi uMajor - Arabic kunye Kurmanji. Ukuphuhliswa kwezolimo, nto leyo izisa ingeniso esisiseko. Kwezinye iindawo ukuvelisa ioli. Emva kokuqalisa kwemfazwe, inkoliso lwezimali ichithwa wokhuselo kunye nezixhobo. Ngoko ke, abasemagunyeni bagqiba akuyomfuneko iirhafu bonke abantu zabucala kunye esemthethweni. Oku eye yavusa nophuhliso lwamashishini amancinane kunye nokudalwa amanyeneyo ezininzi ezincinane. Noko ke, urhulumente unoxanduva kukulawula amaxabiso kwaye ijongane ukubonakala bodwa kunokwenzeka.

Religion e सुटणें ugwetyelo idlala indima ngaphantsi lingabalulekanga kule elingummelwane States Arabhu. Phezu amandla Rozhave na wempangelo ngokupheleleyo. Emva kwenkulungwane yama-20, le Kurds endle baqalisa ukwahlula iingcamango-iphiko ekhohlo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ubukomanisi Marxism-noLenin. combat amaqela olukhulu sele wabakho ngaphambi kwemfazwe. Impixano yakutshanje kwakhona kabukhali waphakamisa igagasi ubuzwe oluntu kunye nomnqweno yokuhlanganisa yonke imimandla nokusungula ibe olunye uhlanga-karhulumente. Kurds aba ezingenazo enjalo yesibini uhlanga ehlabathini.

Ukuqala kwemfazwe yamakhaya Syria

Rojava ungquzulwano yaqala ngaxeshanye yombhodamo kwilizwe liphela. Phakathi ku-2011 Uqhankqalazo anti-urhulumente yabhuqa eSyria. Le Kurds ziye kwakhona inkxaso kuzo. Nangona kunjalo, iimfuno ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, kukho iminxeba ukuba ukuzimela okanye nokuzimela mmandla. Yaba ngokubambisana kunye nenkcaso waseSiriya. Noko ke, ngo-2012 le meko iye yayisiba. uxabana Emva kunye nabasemagunyeni zamapolisa iqela abaqalise uthotho bahlaselwe. Warehouses zaye baphanga izixhobo. Malunga eli xesha, iziganeko yezopolitiko kweli lizwe bajoyine linjalo olukhulu Islamic. Ukulwa kwaqhambuka phakathi wabumba umSiriya imikhosi Free Army kunye norhulumente kunye nenkxaso kwingxelo proasadovskih paramilitaristskih.

Kwemfazwe सुटणें ugwetyelo yaseSiriya ne Islamism

Ngenxa phakathi Kurds olukhulu Islamism neze, Rojava kudala cala. Noko ke, amaqela asekuhlaleni aye abamba amandla saseka iBhunga Ephakamileyo, nto leyo ngamandla kule ngingqi. Kulo mzekelo, i Kurds musa ukukhanyela ukuba ziyinxalenye Aram, Bashar al-Assad ukuba basebenzisane kwiindawo ezininzi. Eminye imimandla सुटणें ugwetyelo kuqhubeka ukuhlala phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente waseSiriya. IBhunga leSizwe yaseSiriya ungayamkeli geqe Rozhavy, kodwa azidingi ukuba amanyathelo. Urhulumente sele kuchazwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba ukulungele esichengeni aze anike Kurds ukuzimela ebanzi ngaphakathi sikhokelo-siseko waseSiriya.

empini enzima

Ngo-2013, Syria uye waqinisa iqela "Islamic State of Iraq kunye Levant". Zonke amajelo ihlabathi ingxelo LIH emva namabutho kokuhlaselwa e Mosul. Ekuhambeni kwexesha irekhodi kunye kunye nemali encinci yezixhobo kunye nabasebenzi ababelwa bakwazi ukumbamba ubambe enye wemizi emikhulu kweli lizwe. Ukususela ngelo xesha ndaqalisa ukwandisa ngenkuthalo LIH. Phantsi kolawulo Islamists inkundla enkulu Iraq neSiriya. Emva kwexesha bafika kwimimandla esemantla yelizwe.

Ukukhusela abantu balapha ukusuka Islamists baqalisa ukuba bajoyine ngokukuko umkhosi wamajoni. Rojava impi ngokupheleleyo ekupheleni kuka-2013. Kweli nqanaba, LIH wonqanyulwa ngokupheleleyo angabikho abaseleyo kwimimandla esemantla ka-Aram. Inxalenye yasentshona सुटणें ugwetyelo wanqanyulwa kwezinye kuphela abagrogrisi, kodwa free waseSiriya Army (FSA). LIH namabutho baqala ngokuhlaselwa esebenzayo kwi kwintsimi nokusungula e Kőbánya kwindawo yesixeko. Ngexesha elifutshane bakwazi tyhala umgca ngaphambili ukuba kwiikhilomitha ezininzi kwezinye iindawo.

Peshmerga

Umkhosi omkhulu wamajoni yomkhosi सुटणें ugwetyelo Peshmerga na. Baye zasekwa kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 eyadlulayo kwaye athathwe yesizwe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngokutsho kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, inani zezi yunithi uthelekelelwa 150-200 amawaka. Baya besilwa namabutho "isimo Islamic" eSiriya Iraq. Rozhava ufumana uncedo ezinzulu zemali kunye nobugcisa evela Iraq.

Ngomhla kwintsimi amaqela waseSiriya Kurdu zisebenza athathwe wesizwe wesizwe, ngubani na ncakasana iphiko silwe Democratic Party-Aram. Kuninzi amajoni akhe ezo yunithi ubambe-iphiko ekhohlo ideology. flow Large-ntliziyo avela eTurkey, apho kuhlala Kurds. Kube sele mthethweni Party सुटणें ugwetyelo lwaBasebenzi (PKK). Kwakhona, abantu balapha ziqokelela uncedo rhoqo amajoni zamajoni abachatshazelwa yi umlo.

Kwemfazwe Islamism

Badubule LIH ukuziphatha ngenkohlakalo ingakumbi ngokubhekiselele Kurds. Kumajelo eendaba avuza amashumi ubungqina kohlanga kwabantu bomthonyama. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, yaye ngenxa amakhulu amavolontiya beza kubudlelwane सुटणें ugwetyelo PKK ngenyanga. Ngokomthetho bengabantu ekhohlo-iphiko. amaqela Communist kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu eziququzelelwe ukuhambisa amavolontiya ukuba alwe LIH. Iyona eJamani, eSpeyin kunye Italy. Amajelo osasazo rhoqo ubekwe ulwazi malunga ukufika ntliziyo Russian. Sifunde ukuba iqela French awubambe la kwi Donbass, nayo wafika Aram. nasekuxinweni Long kunye amadabi abaziingwanyalala umzi ka Cobán ezenzé uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe Ungabonisa nokubaxhasa eziletha. Fighters nokusungula zeveki e waseSiriya सुटणें ugwetyelo baphantsi neziqhushumbisi rhoqo abagrogrisi.

Rojava nxamnye Turkey

Urhulumente Turkish kukade icangcisiwe abangquzulana Kurds. E Turkey ngokwalo lilikhaya inani enkulu Kurds abasafuna abanalo okuzimela. Ngenxa yoko kwenzeka ngexesha elahlukileyo le mvukelo, leyo zicinezelwa kabuhlungu kunye nabasemagunyeni Turkish. PKK liqhuba yezulu kunye namapolisa Turkish kwimimandla yasezidolophini. Liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ifuna yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ukuze abone amaqela Kurdu ngabavukeli abagrogrisi. UMongameli Erdogan ngokwakhe wathi akazange avumele ukusekwa nokusungula uhlanga-karhulumente ngasemdeni walo. Ukuphendula, i Kurds iqalise imisebenzi esebenzayo umbuso kwi kummandla Turkey. Kule imisebenzi elide yimikhosi karhulumente nxamnye Kurds sele ubulele ngaphezu kwekhulu amajoni. Abavukeli liye ukuxhasa Rojava. Ngaba kubakho uxolo kunye nenkululeko kule ngingqi, oko awukacaci.