Yintoni Islamic State? amazwe Islamic: iintlobo, iimpawu

Imbali ukuvela Islamic koMbuso zinenjongo ukwadityaniswe nkolo. Le nhlangano yenkolo yavela ngenxa umsebenzi uMprofethi Muhammad.

ziimbaxa

Islam Wavuka kwinkulungwane 6-7. Wamemezela wamisa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha yoluntu, ukulingana phakathi onke amaSilamsi, wayesalela igazi kunye nobundlobongela phakathi kwabantu. Lonke igunya, ngokwale intshukumo yonqulo, kwiNgxowa izandla feti.

Ekubeni baba ngakumbi ngokuhamba kwexesha, abalandeli Islam. amanani abo baqala ukungena kwindawo engundoqo ye abemi Arabia Peninsula. Ngokunxulumene nale ngxaki lobudlelwane myalelo kunye nolawulo loluntu phezu abalandeli intshukumo zonqulo. UMprofeti Muhammad ngokukhawuleza abanyamezela lo msebenzi. Waba inkokheli ongatshatanga eyakhokela abathembekileyo kwindlela ukukhanya Allah.

Emva kokufa Muhammad ilandelwa yi neenkokheli. Ngaba abalandeli of Islam, lowo wathatha indawo umprofeti. imisebenzi yabo ziquka ekusebenziseni amagunya kugunyazela Muslims.

ngxwaba

Emva kokufa Muhammad baqalisa ukuzuza amandla ingcamango isibulale "imfazwe engcwele". Kwaye oku nangona jihad yasetyenziswa kuqala kuphela iinjongo ukuzithethelela. kamva kuphela yayo yeenguqu ngokuthe ngcembe zibe isixhobo yokungeniswa, niwudle amaRoma. Oku waqala ukwakha wegazi Khalifa elide. Islam yaba ngumba wabavoti woluntu kule nkqubo.

caliphate

United Arabia, inkoliso yabantu abanamathela abangamaSilamsi, ukusukela kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane 7. Ndiqale ukuqhuba imfazwe. Arabhu yoyisa iYiputa, eSiriya, ePalestina Iran. Bona wawandisa amandla abo eMntla Afrika, kwimimandla kumazantsi eSpeyin, e-Central Asia neCaucasus. Ngenxa yoko, iimfazwe loloyiso ukwimeko enkulu Islamic, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokuba Arab Caliphate. Le ikomkhulu eli gunya enkulu kwisixeko Baghdad. Ngezizathu wavaleleka isixa esikhulu Arabiya ahlala.

Le meko Islamic inkqubo yezopolitiko ugcina iimpawu wekhoboka, kodwa kwangaxeshanye baba ngokukhawuleza azalwe wobukhosi. iindawo ezinkulu emazweni zaye ephethwe ngurhulumente. basebenza kwi amazwe azo abalimi kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahlawule irhafu, nokulingana ukuba kubalimi njengelifa.

polity

I Caliphate kwenzeka uhlobo ezisembindini kobukhosi. Xa uhulumeni intloko wempangelo ngokomoya. Bakhonza njengoko ucaliph. Inkalo ebalulekileyo umchiza okhona neNgonyama ngokomoya namandla wenyama umntu omnye. Kungenxa yoko le nto urhulumente Islamic Khilafah kunganxulunyaniswa Wamakhosi nesebenzisa. indima ephambili phakathi kwamagosa karhulumente phezulu eyabelwe i Vizier. ukubaluleka Greater kwi Caliphate bathenga sofas abafundileyo.

IiNtloko imimandla baphiwa emirs. Bona banyulwe likaCaliph. Emva kokuba ukubonakala feudal eqhekekileyo, emirs abaninzi baba abalawuli ezizimeleyo.

Ngelo lokuqala lophuhliso likarhulumente, njengoko Caliphate, inkolo kunye nelungelo badibane elinye. Lo mthombo uphambili umthetho ingqalelo iKoran. umbhali wayo umprofeti Muhammad. umthetho Islamic obizwa "elifuna", gama elo elithetha "kumendo ngqo". Wawuhlanganisa nemfundiso yonqulo kuphela. caliphate Islamic arhola imithetho kubhalwe kumthetho wembambano, lolwaphulo-mthetho kunye procedural.

Kwakukho ingqokelela amasiko malunga Muhammad wenza izigqibo zenkundla, kwakunye imisebenzi, kuquka nokutolikwa mthetho Muslim. Le leta imema esetyenziswa ukuncedisana ne-Koran. Zisetyenziswa yaye njengangoku izithuba umthetho okhoyo.

Islamic Caliphate enye inkalo isici. Kwakungekho ukwahlukana phakathi izithethe zenkolo, zomthetho kunye yokuziphatha. Zenza isakhiwo eyodwa.

Islamic Caliphate ixesha elide zigcinwe ubunini imo lonke ilizwe. Noko ke, nobudlelwano feudal awuyitshintshanga le fowuni. Laqala ipropati yabucala.

Yiyiphi imeko kungathathwa Islamic?

Islam ongazange alahlekelwe amandla ayo kumazwe amaninzi. Yintoni na isimo Islamic namhlanje? Eli lizwe, isiseko apho i-oda Islam. Le intshukumo lonqulo imfundiso ukuba uluntu lonke. Kubekwe - zokubhala ezingundoqo, nto leyo ilawulwa yi-state Islamic. Olu xwebhu siqulathe iziqalelo ze umthetho welizwe kunye siseko, yolawulo kunye lolwaphulo-mthetho, procedural kunye nosapho.

Ingcamango amaSilamsi yokwakha isizwe yahlukile ongeyonxalenye Western. Okokuqala, busekelwe phezu imithetho ebesiqulunqwe yi-uMprofeti Muhammad. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukukhumbula e-Islam na uhlobo nzima kakhulu iintlobo karhulumente.

Imfundiso classical of Islam abeke phambili iimfundiso zabo. Wakholelwa ukuba abalandeli mfundiso uMprofeti uMuhammad kaThixo akakwazi ukwabelana phakathi kweentlanga. Ngokutsho le nkolo, iUma Muslim basenokuvana. Ifumaneka kwi imephu sezopolitiko Federation ehlabathini, umzekelo, Malaysia kunye United Arab Emirates, ngokoluvo of Islam - hayi yeemanyano kwizizwana kunye namazwe. Xa oku kukho umahluko osisiseko phakathi kwala mazwe ngendlela nakwiimanyano iqondwa eNtshona Yurophu.

Types of States Islamic

Lo mqondo likufutshane kolawulo lomthetho yasentshona. amazwe Islamic kungaba sultanates kwaye Emirates Caliphate kunye Imamate. Zonke ezi ntlobo ithi Muslim luphawulwa ngezandla zabo kunye neendlela karhulumente. Ngoko ke, ilizwe sultanates - zezo apho igunya liphathiswe indlu Sultan kaThixo. Loo mthetho ngokwembali. I Sultanate of uxolo imephu mihla kwezopolitiko - yi Oman, apho ibekwe Arabhi, Brunei, akhiwe ngasezantsi-mpuma Asia.

isimo yamandulo kakhulu Islamic - oku Sultanate of Oman. Yasungulwa ngenkulungwane yesithathu embindini lwesixhenxe yaba yinxalenye Arab Caliphate. Intsimi of Oman ise kwimpuma ye-Arabhu Peninsula. Nale meko ngakwimida Saudi Arabia, i-Republic of Yemen kunye United Arab Emirates. Ngowe-1970 waba yintloko Omani Sultan Kabus Ben Said.

I Sultanate of Brunei - karhulumente ezincinane Islamic. Map of South-East Asia iya kusibonisa indawo yakhe. Brunei ise kwinxalenye esemantla kwisiqithi saseBorneo. Le meko kwasekwa ngenkulungwane yesithandathu. Ngemihla yakudala kubhekwe embindini inkcubeko Muslim. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le meko yenye bazizinhanha emhlabeni, yaye sultan yayo luluhlu bantu bazizityebi emhlabeni.

Kukho amazwe ezincinane amaSilamsi apho amandla ngawakhe emir ubukhosi, okanye ukhethe yinkokeli. Zibizwa ngokuba Emirates. A feature of States enjalo ubungakanani yabo. Ziye ke kuthathwa ukuba uhlobo amanyathelo ezinokunceda ukuvuselela Caliphate.

Ukusukela ngoSeptemba 1919 i-West of Dagestan kunye Chechnya wayekho North abaseAfrika Emirate. Ukususela ngoMatshi 1920 yinto isimo Islamic yaba yinxalenye RSFSR.
Kodwa UAE lilawulwa nguMongameli. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, i- United Arab Emirates i umanyano oluquka kumalungu alo Emirates ezisixhenxe. Bona balawulwa emirs.

Uhlobo elilandelayo lo mfundisi karhulumente Islamic. Kukho yinkokeli yokomoya inkokeli yonqulo. Bambiza mfundisi. Olu hlobo inkqubo yezopolitiko kunye nezentlalo luphawulwa ngqo imfundiso Shiite. Kule meko kwamandla inikwa uhlobo jikelele (efana Caliphate).

Kwimephu kwezopolitiko zehlabathi ukususela 1829 ukuya 1859. kwakukho Imamate kwisizwe Shamil. Yayikumgama kwindawo ngoku kweChechnya Dagestan. Le meko Islamic ke ibhangayo yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Nokugqama inkulu yelo zwe yathi sikuphumezileyo ebudeni bolawulo Imam Shamil, eyathatha ukususela ngo-1834 ukuya 1859.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19. Kwakukho enye imeko efana Islamic. Imephu Yemen kumanqaku 1918 ukuya 1962 ukuya kwindawo yalo Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen. khona eli lizwe wayeka emva revolution anti-monarchist.

Yintoni Islamic State the Khilafah? Ngokutsho imfundiso ngokusemthethweni Islam, yinto lizwe linye. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, undoqo i Caliphate yaba lizwe Arab-Muslim, eyasekwa yi Muhammad kwinkulungwane 7. Emva koko waba umbuso omkhulu, ukwakweli kwintsimi Arabhu kumazwe oyiswe. Abaphathi neenkokheli.

Republic Islamic

Kukho uhlobo ekwanti yesixhobo lobuthixo, nto leyo eqhelekileyo kuMbindi Mpuma. Yalilizwe Islamic. Apha indima ephambili kulawulo enikwa abefundisi yamaSilamsi.

I-Islamic Republic luhlobo ukusilela. It ikhona phakathi imigaqo yaseYurophu kwesindululo kunye neemfundiso kobukhosi emveli Muslim.

In Islamic Republic Afghanistan, Mauritania, Pakistan kunye Iraq. Imithetho kula States badalwe zisekelwe kwiimfundiso kubekwe.

Le ngcamango

I-Koran alikwazi ukugunyazisa naluphi na uhlobo oluthile karhulumente. umthetho Islamic ayinayo ingcamango yayo siseko. Noko ke, le ngcamango naluphi na uhlobo karhulumente Islamic ukuhlangabezana neemfuno iimfundiso Islamic. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukuthetha ngokuzithemba ngoko Islam sinikezwe kwipropati "super-karhulumente". Ukongeza, le mfundiso umisela kanye kokusekwa kwenkqubo ekhoyo. Ngelo xesha, ukuba Islam udlala indima ephambili imisebenzi kunye nemigaqo oomatshini karhulumente.

Umzekelo iphawulekayo ngobuwena le ngcamango karhulumente Islamic - oko ke uluntu wadala uMprofeti uMuhammad. Yena ehlanganisiwe izandla zakhe nezigwebo, esilawulayo kunye nolawulo igunya. Kwaye umprofeti wayithabatha isigqibo sokugqibela kuphela emva kokuba ibhunga Moslems ezaziwayo. Muhammad in iimfundiso zabo ngelithi ukuba ingcamango zokudala umbuso onjalo wamnika Allah ngokwakhe.

ngcembe umthetho Islamic yaphuhliswa. Buyatshintsha kunye ngcamango karhulumente. Waba imibono ngakumbi wempangelo kwaye ukuphikisana neemfundiso emveli amaSilamsi nothi ukungaguquleki ezo iimfundiso kaThixo. Kukho yinkqubo eqhubekayo sohlaziyo kwisigaba mthetho. Ngenxa yaloo ulwalamano, ngaphambili kulawulwa umthetho Islamic kuphela, eyayisakulawulwa kunye neminye imithombo yolawulo wathabatha imvelaphi yaseYurophu.

Le nkqubo yaqala ngenkulungwane ye-19. Okokuqala wahlasela ezo ndawo apho kungekho ingakumbi ungquzulwano etsolo kunye weklasiki Islam. Ngenxa yoko, amazwe athile amaSilamsi kuye kwaqatshelwa eyenye caliphate enye.

Iimpawu kombono

Isimo Islamic inemisebenzi engaqhelekanga. Olona phawu engundoqo ngaphantsi imisebenzi yayo yonke imigaqo esisiseko ye Islam. Apha ke, ukuqalisa ngolawulo abantu phezu imisebenzi zemizimba karhulumente. It emiselwe ngumthetho Islamic. Ngoko ke, uRhulumente unoxanduva abemi balo.

Ingakumbi ingqikelelo yokwakha uluntu yamaSilamsi waqukumbela imfuneko yokuseka iqela lamaziko. Umgaqo amaSilamsi 'kokudibana "liyasetyenziswa kuloo mazwe apho kukho, esemantloko sicelwe. Umzekelo oku kungaba Qatar. Kule meko kukho iBhodi yeeNgcebiso, oko ndikumiselweyo emir. Ziziphi iimpawu zayo eziphambili? Yena unika iingcebiso kumlawuli karhulumente. Imithetho Qatar zithathwa kuphela emva kokubonisana incoko kuloo mzimba.

Le ngcamango siseko lwamazwe Muslim - ingqalelo Islam njengoko unqulo karhulumente, nto leyo zishunyayelwa kumazwe phantse mane. Lo mgaqo ngumbonisi ocacileyo yempembelelo yeemfundiso equlethwe Koran, kwilungelo umthetho. La malungiselelo ziboniswe kwi-siseko ye-United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Pakistan, njl

Ingcamango ezisisiseko kumazwe amaninzi Islamic ukuzuza amandla aphezulu yomthetho Koran. Apha, ukongeza imigaqo echaza ilungelo yehlabathi, kufana umthetho a Muslim. Noko ke, bobabini babe umda ebanzi eziqhelekileyo, echaphazela nje ukuzalana ezikumila buqu, kodwa abo ubume lolawulo, malunga nolwaphulomthetho nembambano. Lo mqondo uphawu kumazwe ime kwi-Arabhu Peninsula, ngokunjalo Pakistan.

Iyafuna besithi, nangona indlela yehlabathi yophuhliso, amazwe Muslim musa ningayekeleli umthetho Islamic njengoko nto ibalulekileyo ekubumbeni lokuqonda zomthetho, sengqondo abantu, ngokunjalo yokuziphatha Muslim.

imfundiso esisiseko

Caliphate wavela njengelizwe yobuthixo. Ukususela kanye ekuqaleni ikhona, umgaqo wayo esisiseko Ubunye ngamandla wempangelo kunye ngokomoya. Zonke lawulo ngexesha elifanayo sele buzinze ezandleni likaCaliph.

iimfuneko zolawulo ukuba zinikwe iKurani, musa kubonisa imfuneko yokuba uhlobo oluthile kokwakhiwa karhulumente. Akukho kucacisiwe kule migaqo kunye neendlela amandla. Noko ke, ezinye abalandeli Koran ngendlela yabo atolike isibhalo. Ukuba kwadalwa imisebenzi ibonakala apho ingqiqo amaSilamsi karhulumente. Loo nto, yona zisekelwe, kukho iKurani. Uyatsho ukuba umthombo kuphela lwamandla Allah. Kwakhona Mohammed ke isithunywa sakhe kuphela, nto leyo iba yimali umsebenzi iza ukulawula isithixo.

ingqiqo amaSilamsi urhulumente waqalisa ukuphuhlisa kwiinkulungwane 10-11. Eli xesha xa Abbasids Caliphate ngokwesimo yaka kunye lizwe waya ukwehla.

Ukuze ixesha elide ukwakha isimo Islamic isekelwe kwiindlela ezimbini. Indawo yokuqala yezi yayisekelwe kumgaqo ubunye unqulo kunye nomthetho. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kwabakho yoku non-imfuneko ekulondolozeni caliphate elimanyeneyo Muslim. Kodwa abo nabanye ndiyibonile indima ye Islam kwi nokulawula yonke imiba yoluntu.

Namhlanje, kumazwe yamaSilamsi ukuqaphela ilungelo ingamisela nayiphi na inkqubo ngamandla. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuze utshatise nemiqathango lizwe.

Sele kwinkulungwane yama-20. Uninzi amazwe Islamic wegqitha waya imodeli yehlabathi yoluntu. Nangona kunjalo, kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane efanayo, umkhwa ekhokelela ekomelezeni indima Islam kubomi kula mazwe. Oku kwacaca ngakumbi Iran, Pakistan kunye Sudan.