Rate mboleko - i ... kubalwe izinga ekufuneni

Namhlanje sizama ukuqonda oko kuchaphazela kunyuka kwesantya senzala ngayo iibhanki, kutheni ukuhlawula iimali ezongezelelweyo lokuvuthwa inzala kwimali-mboleko nayiphi na imali ezongezelelweyo kufuneka ingqalelo xa eqinisekisa ubomi babo.

I-mboleko yebhanki engundoqo njengento ephambili

Izinga mboleko - lo ngumsebenzi wamaziko isixhobo apho amaziko zorhwebo zemali banikwa esebenzisa Central Bank. Yintoni indima igunya loluntu?

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wemali iphela Central Bank inoxanduva, yaye injongo yalo msebenzi kukuqinisekisa ukuba intlalo-ntle lizwe (ukuya kwi-mark). Oku kuyinxalenye nkqubo zikarhulumente ngobuchule ixesha elide malunga nokugcina umtya GDP endilisekileyo.

Yibhanki eyongameleyo iye zokuxhathisa yayo, sigqithisele, ebizwa ezisebenza amanyathelo. Bona ezivunywe ngumthetho yaye imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ukucutha amazinga ukusebenza yeebhanki zorhwebo;
• Ukwabiwa Backup;
• utyando kwimarike evulekileyo;
• ukukhupha umsebenzi;
• ulawulo exchange;
• mboleko amazinga emibutho yorhwebo inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yokubolekisa.

Ingcamango nokubalwa izinga ekufuneni

Ekubeni sithetha izixhobo eziphembelela Central Bank, iya kujolisa yokugqibela yaye, ngendlela yayo, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo. Izinga mboleko - ngomlinganiselo ezikhandelwa ngokunxulumene neenkqubo kwezoqoqosho kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kweli lizwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko akuthethi ukuba izibalo ezongezelelweyo, kuba iye yasekwa ngokucacileyo into kwixesha elithile, kodwa ngaloo kamva.

Ngoku kufuneka uqonde ukuba kuchaphazela ngqo ukufumaneka ngetyala ngenxa yabantu jikelele. Izinga mboleko - oku ixabiso olawula imali mboleko kweli lizwe. Ngamanye amazwi, le ezisezantsi oko kukuthi, kokukhona amathuba abanako ukuhlawula amakhaya ukuhlawula izohlwayo neentlawulo kwimali efunyenwe ematyaleni.

Kwinqanaba izinga inkqubo yoshishino luchaphazela kalukhuni, ndoxelelwa ngubani ngendlela efanayo. I elisezantsi oko, kokukhona imali mboleko olujikelezayo nga inxaxheba kushishino lwabo. Ekubeni le pesenti iphantsi kakhulu.

Mboleko kunye State

Ngoko ke, siye saqonda ukuba inqanaba le ratio kunefuthe elingqalileyo ntle zombini imizi namashishini. Yintoni indima yakhe urhulumente? Urhulumente, nayo, imisela umgangatho irhafu, izohlwayo kunye inzala izinga mboleko. Ngamanye amazwi, oku kuchaphazela yonke nkqubo mali karhulumente.

Kaloku, ekubeni le into komlawuli jikelele lokungena nokuphuma kwemali, kukho ubudlelwane ethile: kamsinya nje kuneqondo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kweli lizwe uqalisa kukhethwa ukuya kwinqanaba ngokupheleleyo, umyinge, ngokulandelelana, avuke, ngokwenjenjalo ukunciphisa ubungakanani wokukhuthaza ifumaneke labemi.

Njengokuba le nkqubo karhulumente, kukho inkqubo yolawulo inzima kakhulu ngakumbi.

Mboleko mboleko yakho kwaye

Makhe siqale siqwalasele umsebenzi ibaluleke kakhulu onke amalungu osapho - irhafu yengeniso. Xa umntu oqhelekileyo kuthatha imali-mboleko ebhankini yorhwebo, kunye kufika ixesha lokuba uhlawule inzala, ayengaqondi wacinga phezu koko uthuma ezifihlakeleyo na ingahlawulwa ngokwahlukeneyo. Khangela lo mzekelo ulandelayo. Masithi umyinge wenzala ka ekukhutshweni kwemali ngexesha ukuboleka umiselwe ngurhulumente kwi kumyinge we-15%, lo gama i-Bank inika imali kwi-11%. Umlinganiselo kangangoko otyalwayo, phantsi komthetho yangoku (Art. 212 RF), yi-75% likarhulumente efakiweyo, ngamanye 11.25%.

Kubonakala ukuba umboleki igcina nge 0.25%-mboleko, ukuthatha mboleko ebhankini. Ukususela kule mali, kwaye yena uya kuba kutsalwa irhafu yengeniso njengebhenefithi extra. Oku kudla ifakiwe kwixabiso iinkonzo-mboleko, yaye ngokufuthi mntu byi ingqalelo enkulu ngenxa yabo ababeyiqwebile kancinane.

Mboleko kunye Business

Oosomashishini ekuphunyezweni lwemisebenzi eqhelekileyo ye-Central Bank rate (mboleko) zingachaphazela kuphela ukuba zibalelwa nokufunyanwa kweempahla okanye neenkonzo ngokhuselo (ezifana amanqaku promissory okanye imixokelelwane), leyo ngaphambili obuthengiweyo wesithathu. Le meko isebenza kuphela kwiimeko apho impahla zixhomekeke kwisiseko VAT, kwaye intengiselwano olwenziwe kummandla Russian Federation.

Ke ngegama iindleko yerhafu iya kwandisa imali yengeniso izibambiso. Oku kuthatha ingqalelo kuphela isiqingatha semali ngaphezu kuvumelekile ekubaleni sokuqala, ngokungqinelana ne-ingumlingani mboleko.

Kulo mzekelo, izinga ekukhutshweni kwemali - oku isixa apho ishishini lakho ukuze eve ubunzima. Ngoko ke, ukuba eli nani le bill yokufumana lwalulude ngexesha izivumelwano, usomashishini osakhasayo kuphulukana. Ukuba, phezu koko, izinga rose - uya kuhlala ingeniso evela kwimisebenzi.

Mboleko kunye ne-inshorensi

Ukongeza, izinga ekukhutshweni kwemali Central Bank unezinga elithile yempembelelo kwingeniso abemi 'xa inshorensi ubomi babo. Zisebenza njani?

Ngokomzekelo, ungathatha ngexesha elinye uhlobo ithandwa-inshorensi - kukubuyisela umthamo othile imali impumelelo kweminyaka ethile. Masithi polisi ukwenza rhoqo iminikelo evela ipokotho zabo kangangeminyaka eliqela, yaye kulo nyaka intlawulo athandwayo kufika.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ingaba sikelele kangakanani urhulumente waye zimelwe yi izinga mboleko ngexesha ekuqukunjelweni kwesivumelwano inshorensi. Ukuba umhla wentlawulo yembuyekezo mali ingadluli inani lilonke iipremiyamu, ukongezwa yinto exabisekileyo, ngoko ukoyika nto kungekho sizathu. Ukuba phezu koko, kunye umahluko kuya kufuneka uhlawule irhafu yengeniso ukuze kuxhamle lokufunda ngakumbi.

Indlela ukutshintsha unyaka nonyaka izinga ekufuneni

Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, lo mlinganiselo ku ezahlukene 7-9%, nto leyo ebonisa uzinzo ethile lemali kwimarike amazwe. Noko ke, ndingathanda ukubona imeko apho izinga kunefuthe elingqalileyo yokuziphatha kwiibhanki zorhwebo.

Umzekelo, 'ngumlingani ka-mboleko linyukile. Kulo mzekelo, imibutho ngetyala kunye namanye amaziko inxaxheba kwimisebenzi liboleke abanye, kufuneka ngandlel 'sigqibe ukwehla kulindeleke kwemfuneko yeenkonzo zabo. Yinto elula - ukwandisa umdla kubonelelo kwemali.

Kodwa loo nto bonke. Ezo zinto musa ukutshintsha kanye oko. Enokwenzeka, ukuba Kwathi, uRhulumente uyawaphumeza umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha karhulumente ukuze alawule kwamaxabiso. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuqhutyekwe iinguqulelo ezintsha ngohlobo izenzo zolawulo zomthetho, ngoko ke iibhanki ulungise ishishini labo phantsi lweentsingiselo elandelayo.

Mboleko kunye capitalism

Cinga ngemeko phezu umzekelo lamazwe anoqoqosho kwimarike iphuhlisiwe - eUnited States. Izinga mboleko namhlanje ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ngolawulo lwe-cash flow mali kunye nokusekwa kwe-Federal Reserve. E Melika, eli nani imisela ipesenti ekufuneka uhlawule ibhanki yorhwebo kwimeko ukusetyenziswa kwemali karhulumente okwethutyana. Ngoko ke, ukuba umlinganiselo ayikho phezulu ngokwaneleyo, inkqubo yezoqoqosho aluvumelekanga lisengozini, yaye ngokulula ukwenza imisebenzi. Noko ke, kamsinya nje izinga eqalisa ukuphakama, kunye nemisebenzi yamaziko ngetyala uphantsi kwentsongelo ngenxa amathuba ukuba baza kukwazi ukuhlawula neemfanelo zalo, ashiye kabukhali, ngoko esongela angagqibekanga.

Izinga mboleko eRashiya

Ngelo xesha omnye lo mzobo ludlale indima ebalulekileyo ulawulo lokungena nokuphuma kwemali kweli lizwe. Ngoko ke, xa usebenza izinto kwamaxabiso ngo-1992-1996, lo umlinganiselo yayokufika kwizinga lomyinge we-99%.

Xa ezi kwemali uqoqosho semvelo mpilweni, eyayisakulawulwa ngokwentelekiso kakuhle, kwaye nani gqolo ekungqulekeni. Ngoku amaziko ezemali zorhwebo lula yaye kwakuhlaziya ipesenti ezaneleyo ukubonelela mboleko zombini ixesha elide elifutshane elide ngokwaneleyo (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kubanika udumo obubodwa okanye ngempelaveki), ngaphandle kokunikezela naliphi na igama okanye iimfuno abathengi yayo.

Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izinga ekukhutshweni kwemali ukuza kuthi ga kwi-Russian Federation na ulwazi kuphela, into kuMgaqo-mthetho kwaye isiqinisekiso ukuya ku January 2016.