Radar "DTV" (radar)

Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo izikhali zokulwa ubeka kudinga malunga neempawu ezithile kunye zobugcisa iindlela zokuthintela ndlongo kunokwenzeka. Radar "Daryal" (Radar) phantse amabini eminyaka iye yaba into ebalulekileyo iinkqubo ezinjalo.

esengozini

Ngowe-1960, iprogram ukutyalwa imijukujelwa ezintsha enjalo ballistic "Minuteman-1" laphehlelelwa US, unako ukuqala imizuzwana embalwa emva kokufumana umyalelo ofanelekileyo. amaqhinga Changed ukuba kunokwenzeka World War III; indima ephambili ekusebenziseni kuvuthelwa isigqibo ngoku owned asiyo ngenqwelomoya enomjukujelwa qhinga emkhosini abathwali. Kule 60s phakathi eUnited States ukongama kwi seventeenfold indlela engcono lokuhanjiswa izixhobo zenyukliya, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuwatshabalalisa onke amandla enyukliya eSoviet Union ithamo elinye.

Kuba kusengaphambili isilumkiso kusondela ukuhlasela eSoviet Union ngowe-1960 oko waqala ukudala inkqubo isilumkiso ezizodwa (EWS).

ingxabano ezikholisayo

Ibangel 'umdla into yokuba amanye amagosa omkhosi ayikwazanga bazazi ngokupheleleyo ukubaluleka kwale nkqubo iyilwe, ebiza yinkcitha yobonelelo loluntu yezixhobo ongavelisi enze umonakalo utshaba bamphose imijukujelwa. Ngomhla enye intlanganiso ibalulekileyo Military-Industrial iKomishoni, ukuphendula kwenye ingxelo academician ezibalulekileyo, uLieutenant General, Engineer A. N. Schukin wacaphula imigca ukusuka Pushkin kaThixo "I Tale of the Golden Cockerel" - abo apho "Umlindi vstrepenetsya othembekileyo, jikani ekhwaza. .. ". Umzekelo yoncwadi kwi abangenalukholo nenza Order Government of 1962, liqalise iprojekthi ukwenza entsonkothileyo silubone imijukujelwa ezingenayo yokuqala. Radar sizukulwana sokuqala "Dniester" kunye inguqulelo basis of nto, "Dnepr", ngaphambi kokungena enkonzweni, akusekho yangoku. Abazange bakwazi ukulawula ngendlela imijukujelwa lutshaba ezinokuba ezase ezininzi ubukhulu encinane.

Bonke-neso

Ngowe-1966, i-Radio Engineering Institute, umsebenzi waqalisa phezu indalo radar ngokwesiseko omtsha omkhulu umthamo radiation - radar "Daryal", ukukwazi ukubona into ubungakanani ibhola ekhatywayo kumgama 6 amawaka Km.. umyili Oyintloko uViktor Ivantsov. Radar isakhiwo sokuqala "Daryal" bekufanele ukuba ukwakha phezu umjukujelwa-ulwalathiso. Ngaphezu kwesinye kwisithathu zonke ezikhoyo kwi-US yokugcina imijukujelwa enjalo zazijoliswe elo komkhulu yiSoviet Union - Moscow - kunye neendawo ngundoqo lizwe, kunye umendo moya phezu North Pole. izibalo yokuqala leengcali wabonisa ukuba isikhululo kufuneka zibekwe kufutshane kangangoko ukuya emantla (malunga kummandla Franz Josef Land), kodwa ukwakhiwa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kwiimeko ezimaxongo Arctic zibeka umngeni omkhulu. Kwagqitywa ukwakha isityalo injalo.

"Daryal" RLS. Komi ASSR

Ukuze ngokwandisa kukhethwa indawo kufutshane nedolophu Pechora, km-200 kuphela ukusuka Arctic Circle. Ngenxa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla olumbaxa izixhobo, le projekthi yaqala ngaxeshanye kwakusakhiwa Pechora GRES ngo-1974. Xa intliziyo "Daryal" radar uluhlu enkulu yezixhobo, ezibandakanya kweeyunithi ezingaphezulu kwama-4 amawaka. E-radio. izakhiwo Tall abafumana (100 m) kanye nokuthumela (40 m) ka-eriyali ukuba bebekwe ngokwahlukeneyo omnye komnye yi kumgama othile, aphindwe entliziyweni. Eneji namanzi nokusetyenziswa isikhululo baba ilingane iimfuno phakathi komzi, abemi ka-100 lamawaka. Man. Pulse amandla radar "Daryal" ( "Pechora" - Pechora, ngokutsho NATO ngezigaba) kwi kwincopho ligqithe 370 MW.

Ukuze inkonzo nokutshintshwa iibhloko radioelementnyh ngezigaba uluhlu eriyali (Par) ngexesha lokusebenza entsonkothileyo ekhethekileyo zithwala sibonelelwe. Isiseko yenkqubo isikhululo computing yi kumda wesangqa-parallel isilawuli-based yekhompyutha ekwaziyo ukuvelisa imisebenzi ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 ngomzuzwana.

Okokuqala kumnombo umsebenzi

Pechora radar "Daryal" ngoJanuwari 1984, wegqitha ngempumelelo uthotho lweemvavanyo, wafakwa inkonzo. Abakhi kwaye bobunjineli nako ukuhlangabezana ebekiweyo, nangona ubuninzi endalo kunye ubunzima lobuchwepheshe. Umzekelo, ngokugalela i slab isiseko wambetha ngesiquphe kuneqabaka. Ukuthintela eziphathekayo ukusuka yovalo wanceda wit Russian - umxube ekhaya iye wotha electrode ngokusebenzisa ombane kubo.

Enye imeko kaxakeka yenzekile ngexesha lokugunyazisa. Ukuhlaselwa izindlu radiotransparent umlilo ekudluliseleni iziko. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwezixhobo nemililo standard wayitshisa ngaphezu kwe-80% ye komhlaba. Kuhlanganisa zonke iindawo zolondolozo kunokwenzeka, zingaphelanga iinyanga ezimbini zezityalo imveliso Syzran luvelise ngelaphu omtsha (ukudala kwimo eqhelekileyo kufuna ubuncinane ngonyaka), kwaye kamsinya nje imiphumo lomlilo kunokwenzeka sele ziphelisiwe. Ukudluliselwa: ngenxa yesehlo, isiciko kwezinto ezingatshiyo yenzelwe ukuba ukulandela le projekthi radar.

In onogada isithuba

I lokuqala lale projekthi, ukuba asingxengxezele radar yesilumkiso "Daryal" ( "Pechora"). zokwakha Amafoto kunika uluvo ecacileyo ububanzi bomsebenzi owenziwe. Kwafuneka nje ukuba ukwakha enye iiyunithi ezintandathu efanayo ibekwe kwi kujikelezo lizwe, ukuvala i indawo ring nezangaphakathi ye radar:

• "Gabala", Azerbaijani SSR.
• "Skrunda", imthetho Latvian.
• "Coast", Mukachevo, Ukrainian SSR.
• "Balkhash", Kazakh SSR.
• "Mishelevka", Irkutsk kwiNgingqi.
• "Yeniseysk", Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Lendawo Pechora olawula zonke indlela esemantla. Le yesibini nezokugqibela, imiliselwe kwaye ufake ukusebenza kwinqanaba lokuqala lale projekthi, yaba sikhululo Azerbaijan.

Kwi labalindi imida esemazantsi

Ukwakhiwa into kufuphi elalini. Kutkashen (emva kokuwa USSR - Gabala) yaqala republic abaseAfrika ngo-1982. Intsimi womsebenzi lugubungela iihektare ngaphezulu kwama-200. malunga nama-20 amawaka. abakhi wamajoni inxaxheba. Umhla bambongozayo radar "Daryal" ( "Gabala") kwi ukulwa umsebenzi ithathwa kuba ngoFebruwari 1985, nangona lo msebenzi wokwakha ngokupheleleyo yagqitywa kwiminyaka nje emithathu kamva. Umahluko omkhulu zezakhiwo Gabala indibano - yokusilela kwenkqubo yekhompyutha. Idatha wafumana zokucupha ukusasaza kumaziko olwazi "iphenyane" yaye "Square", ibekwe amadlelo.

Isikhululo ilawulwa ngokupheleleyo ulwalathiso lobuchule emazantsi, ukulisibekela ilizwe of Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, North Afrika, Pakistan ne India, uninzi Indian Ocean, kuquka kunxweme Australia. Gabala Isikhululo radar iye yaqinisekisa ukugqwesa ngexesha ungquzulwano Iran-Iraq ukurekhoda kakuhle zonke zokulwa iqala Iraqi evuthayo "Scud" (iiPC 139.) Yaye ebudeni "Operation Desert Storm" (302 iqale).

Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union waqukumbela isivumelwano phakathi oorhulumente Russia kunye Azerbaijan iya kuvumela ukuba isiza ukuya ezantsi eCaucasus ntaba uluhlu athwale rhoqo inkonzo esebenzayo de-2012, xa isikhululo lufunyenwe kwinkqubo Russian yokulunkisa kwangethuba.

Bonisa ku Skrunda

Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-imi- 80 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, 4 km ukusuka kwidolophu Skrunda (SSR Latvian), ecaleni i "Dnepr" radar ekhoyo (object "Skrunda-1"), ukwakhiwa kunelinye "Daryal" Uhlobo kuyilo. Emva kokwakhiwa ukwamkelwa eriyali kunye unikezelo lwezixhobo (1990), bekucingelwa ukuba nqanaba lokuqala "Dnepr" radar iza kusetyenziswa samaza. Kodwa emva kokuzimela geqe, republic iBaltic, Latvia laba impahla le into. Iinzame ze icala Russian yokulondoloza radar iziphumo HIV nawanikelayo, yaye ngowe-1994 imikhosi Russian bayishiya esitishini.

Emva konyaka,-eriyali ukwamkelwa yatshatyalaliswa ngamalungu yinkampani American. Iingcali amazwe ziye zabonisa baseLatvia show lokwenene. Phambi kuqhuma, benza phezu ukuphakama yonke besakhiwo fireworks emibalabala, yaye emva kuvusa ngesakhiwo engundoqo isigxina kokuwa, wawa ingxilimbela.

Imfihlakalo Krasnoyarsk radar

Yeziqinisekiso ye abakhi zangaphambili kunye nabaqeshwa esiludumbo "yeniseysk-15", isikhululo sasinokungena radiation, amandla leyo zingonakalisa elektroniki zenkqubo enomjukujelwa navigation wokuhlolwa. Ngoko ke ingaba ngoku angaqondakali. Bakhetha yangaphambili lutshaba enokubakho, kunye 90 ekuqaleni ukuya iqabane qhinga - eUnited States, phantse ukulungele ukuchwetheza radar "Daryal" wachithwa. Isizathu ngokusesikweni yaba kukuba likhuphe isikhululo, kuchasene amagatya AbM iSivumelwano.

Ukutshatyalaliswa lweshishini isixeko-ngokwakha yajika yaba yintlekele noluntu ukuba yeniseysk-15 elalini. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwewaka abantu baphelelwa yimisebenzi kunye nobomi ngokoqobo ishiywe ngurhulumente ukuze bazibonele ngokwabo. Mhlawumbi ezithile kwinzala elizayo uya kufumana impendulo yombuzo ngubani kuthintele Krasnoyarsk kwisitishi radar "Daryal". Iifoto iintsalela izakhiwo amakhulu entliziyweni neSiberia luxwebhu abekwe elungileyo.

Irkutsk, Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine

Esi sikhululo kummandla Irkutsk wavalelwa ukusebenza ngo-1992, kodwa emva kweminyaka emibini kamva ziko mothballed. Ukususela ngowe-1999, iyunithi wasebenzisa arhente ezithwala ukufunda phezulu emoyeni. Kwiminyaka emithandathu edlulileyo, ulwakhiwo wachithwa, ukukhulula isithuba ukwakhiwa isizukulwana esizayo radar.

"Daryal" kufutshane nedolophu Balkhash kwimpuma Kazakhstan ngo-2002 yanikwa izikhulu njengombuso ozimeleyo. ngenxa yokuba umlilo enkulu kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ulwakhiwo kutshiswa ngokupheleleyo, yaye ngoko ke iintsalela eziqalelo zolwakhiwo kunye nezixhobo ebiwe. Ekugqibeleni, lo sakhiwo ngo-2010.

Izinto kwi Cape Chersonese, Sevastopol kunye Mukachevo kufuphi (Western Ukraine) ashiya engagqitywanga, kwaye 2000 baphelelwa ligunya.

Isihlangu yenyukliya Russian

Zikhewu okubangela umjukujelwa ezithethelela Russia kufuneka ecaleni ngokupheleleyo nenkqubo yokulunkisa kwangethuba besizukulwana esitsha ngokusekelwe uhlobo radar "Voronezh" mboni-ndawonye. Ixesha kunye nezixhobo ukwakha ezi amacandelo yehla kakhulu, xa kuthelekiswa "Daryalami 'ukuba avumele kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo ukubeka ukusebenza loo izikhululo ezisixhenxe. Zakhiwo ihlanganiswe kwinkqubo enomjukujelwa wokhuselo (NMD), kunye nemisebenzi yazo aziquki kuphela ekufunyanisweni kwe-ekujoliswe, kodwa umkhondo ezijolise.

Ukongeza, njengoko yogcino, xa kwimeko yokusilela kwizitishi eziziintloko, wadala inkqubo mini-radar. Le zixhobo ngokulula bezenze ibhokisi lokuthumela ilula kwaye ibekwe naphi na. umsebenzi imbaxa lokuzimela ngokupheleleyo automatic.