Orda phandle - walihlahlisa rhoqo kwi Golden mkhosi

Orda output - le yenye yezona imisebenzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle eyayikho eRashiya ukusuka XIII ukuya XV leminyaka. Ngelo xesha, amafama bayagcuma phantsi ubunzima Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe, ukuba leyo wongezelela irhafu ehlawulwa iinkosana zendawo. Yaba enye maxesha anzima kubomi babantu Russian. Russ ke kurhaxwa egazini abasemzini ehlasela neziphithiphithi abalimi.

inkqubo yentlawulo of irhafu

Ekuqaleni emhlabeni Russian XIII ngenkulungwane nto ichatshazelweyo ngegazi, watshisa iilali lonke needolophu. Ukususela iyangena abendlu ka anayo Golden kwakungekho ukubaleka, ubunzima ngabantu kweeklasi ezahlukeneyo zentlalo kunye neminyaka. Rusichi esingethe kuphela nesibakala sokuba indlu yakhiwe kwaye enqatyisiweyo inemizana. Kodwa kungekudala kakhulu Mongols waqonda ukuba uhlaselo kwi ityala ayikho inzuzo, ngenxa yokuba abantu udiniwe, amahlwempu, musa ixesha ukuqokelela isivuno. Loko loo mkhosi mkhulu kunye nesisombululo yaziswa. Irhafu - a abasisigxina, ingeniso zigxunyekwe ebuncwaneni, oko akuthethi ukuba ukuhlasela nabani na.

Ngowe-1257 olwenziwe inani labemi, ngoko ke Mongol-AmaTatar wayesazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni na ulawulo njengoko kufuneka ahlawule umsebenzi. A irhafu anayo Golden wayesiya nomhlaba, usapho, epuluweni, yaye abantu kufuneka ukuba ahlawule imirhumo ukufuya, ukuloba, ukuzingela iintaka kunye nezilwanyana. Umyalelo yalandela iiyunithi nyambalala yomkhosi wamajoni, xa ubulawuli nganye ibekwe iirhuluneli-Baskakov, leyo baqokelela irhafu.

Ngubani ehlanganiswa nkonzo?

Orda wenza phezu onke amazwe izilawuli Russian, umsebenzi ihlawulwe yonke into. Ezi nketho baba abameli zeCawa Orthodox Byzantine. Isizathu soku ilula kakhulu - anayo waba neentlobano wahlobana Byzantium, Awonakalise kubo ngenxa umnqweno ingeniso akukho bani uya. Ukongezelela, iCawa Orthodox uye wafundisa abantu ukuthobeka, yaye inzuzo Mongol-nangezinto. Amakholwa nabalimi cwaka wabunyamezela ubukho nowakubaphambukeli emdeni wabo, ngaphandle izikhalazo wamnika isabelo zasekwindla. Ngapha koko, kufuneka bathobele boyisa, kuba konke ukuthanda kukaThixo ...

Ubungakanani lerhafu

isivuno Ordynsky iqokelelwe imali. Ukususela ngelo xesha eRashiya of kwinkqubo yayo mali zange yaziswa Mongolian. mbali abaninzi bathi ukuba umsebenzi kumaXesha Aphakathi kuba abalimi Russian inkuntyula, kodwa nokuba ityala anayo? Inani ekuqaleni kuthiwa izishumi. Njengoko igama libonisa, kucacile ukuba abantu kwafuneka ukuba ahlawule 1/10 yinxalenye yengeniso yabo.

Of imithombo lokusinda kwakusazeka ukuba ngo-1275 i Mongols wathabatha "alime" nangesilivere polugrivne ngo-1384 - kunye kwilali polrublya, ngo-1408 - kunye 'ukulima "isiqingatha engange. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba elalini "ikhuba", kunye hryvnia, kwaye imali engange - into efanayo. Oku kulandela ukuba ngexesha XIII - XV eminyaka itshintshe ubungakanani lerhafu. Ukongeza, i-Mongol-AmaTatar waqokelela emsebenzini kunokuba ngonyaka kanye qho emva kweminyaka 7. Kakade ke, yona eninzi, kuba sohlala kweli xesha bandisa mali ofanelekileyo, kodwa Mongols wawufuna ukuba kakhulu - malunga ne-1.5% yengeniso.

iintlawulo zokuyeka

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba unikelo rhoqo, nto leyo lwaqokelelwa eRashiya ukuba Khan iGolden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, le pesenti yayimi akubanga kakhulu, zamafama wahlala ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwezityalo, yaye kuthetha nokutya. Iwazekise ityala zaye Ukongezelela lihlawuliswa iinkosana zendawo. Abantu baba zingenako ukuhlawula le mali elikhankanyiweyo, wajika amakhoboka. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abalimi waqalisa ukuvukela, qhankqalazo kwenzeka e Rostov, Novgorod, Yaroslavl, Suzdal. Kakade ke, ukuba zicinezelwa, ngoko ligazi elininzi iphalale yona, kodwa inkqubo baskachestva kunjalo ishiywe hlokondiba nokuqokelelwa irhafu uphume emagxeni neenkosana. Ukuhlawulwa okubafaneleyo ukuya Golden mkhosi waze ngenkulungwane XV. Ke abathetheli tu ukuqokelela i irhafu ebantwini, kodwa akazange bayithwale kwi khans, noYohane V. III yaye wayeka ngokupheleleyo nokuhlawula output mkhosi.