Oovimba yommandla Penza. State Natural Reserve "iVolga emathafeni"

Yomlambo iVolga kunye Don thala lendalo "iVolga emathafeni." Ngowe-1924, oko wadalwa ukugcina emaqeleni ezisemantla kunye neendawo emathafeni, wambiza Penza. Ngowe-1927, annexing iinxalenye namanye amaphondo, i-Reserve wanikwa igama Mid-iVolga. Ngowe-1937 igama latshintshelwa Kuibyshev, yaye yena ingqalelo uvimba de-1951.

Ngaphezu koko, njengoko isigqibo karhulumente, watshintshelwa iifama zikarhulumente, nto leyo yakhokelela ekulahlekelweni koninzi kwiindawo engcotyeni. Kuphela 1989, i-Reserve yamiselwa ngenxa yokuthiyiselwa ngamaqhinga amakhulu amahlanu umhlaba kwakhona: emathafeni ezintathu ezinkulu - Poperechenskaya, Kucherovskaya kunye Ostrovtsovskaya kunye nomhlaba ihlathi ezimbini - Borok kunye Upper Sura. Lo mmandla Reserve - 8373 eehektare. Ngeenxa zonke kuye, yalomhlaba uthengwayo kummandla luphela, nto leyo kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwezoqoqosho. On kwintsimi enkulu kangaka kummandla iVolga embindini, ngokwendalo, uluhlu iimeko zendalo ezahlukileyo. Oku ikakhulu amahlathi ephikisanayo kunye nezityalo ezizodwa kunye nokwakhiwa nomhlaba emathafeni enyulu.

umhlaba

umbono bemvelo kakhulu ukusuka reserve ngenxa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo isiqabu. Lo womnatha yamandulo emlanjeni, imigxobhozo, kunye namachibi. Le oovimba ubutyebi ezingundoqo kummandla Penza - lo mhlaba. Ummandla buffer Kuncherovskoy emaqeleni iikhastoma entsimini lwezolimo. Ukuba apha unako ukufikelela izithuthi, i Ostrovets kunye Poperechenskaya emathafeni akukho iindlela zegrabile okanye amanzi. Uqweqwe bayalishiya emaqeleni kunye namahlathi ohlukahlukeneyo. ebizwa-Ngoko imihlaba ezingwevu ngabona emahlathini. Chernozem emathafeni lomhlaba ngabona kwimiboniso, apho ireferensi emadlelweni nehumasi umhlaba layer zivela-80 ukuya kwi-100 cm.

Flora

Nature Reserve - ihlathi kunye emathafeni. Ngokwakha iintlobo pine oki. Emaqeleni yahlulwe zengca, tshitshilili, enengca afumileyo. Emathafeni usoloko sinxulumana iintsiba. Ngakumbi lihle ngoJuni nangoJulayi, xa isilivere kuhlohlwa kolyshatsya ubudlelane umoya, nowokuchwayita emathafeni. Ngelo xesha, ukuba zonke kwi imibala wemifuno. Le flora ye reserve yi horsetails olubanzi zize zingeniswe, ubulembu club, gymnosperms kunye angiosperms, kukho iintlobo 850, ezisibhozo kuzo zidweliswe ezisengozini. Ulele kumathafa kweentlobo kuMbindi iVolga 108. Kukho iintlobo 119 amakhowa, eqhelekileyo kwindawo yolondolozo. Kwindawo enehlathi kuquka iintlobo 72 ubulembu. I Book Red iindidi 4 zengca ezikhula kulo myezo.

kulona

Le oovimba izilwanyana kwingingqi Penza ineendidi ngaphezulu kwama-800 ezahlukeneyo izinambuzane. Zifumaneka emilanjeni amadobo eziphila, nto leyo kwi reserve iintlobo-11. Emahlathini kwaye amadlelo kwindawo ekhuselweyo ubomi amacilikishe, amarhamba angenakukhafulwa, amasele. indawo Aviafaunu iintlobo 154 zeentaka. Phakathi ebhalisiweyo ezinqabileyo Pallid Harrier kunye bustard Great. Ngomhla kummandla iindlwane zazo bucala ukwakha izagwityi zabo, corncrake, Tit crested kunye esimibalabala Umbala.

ezincancisayo World of reserve "iVolga emathafeni" imelwe ziintlobo 44. abameli Rare kule klasi ziquka otter, ingqawa, ermine. Ngomhla kwamaxandeka nemiwonyo gentle ukuhlangabezana foxholes. Indawo Forest-emathafeni ye reserve limisela ukwakhiwa izilwanyana, kuquka okufana amahlathi kunye namasimi kweentlobo zezilwanyana. Ezi ziquka vole, ibuzi igala, nempuku. Ebusika, amahlathi likhaya amakhulu capercaillie kunye icula emnyama, yasendle kunye elk. Baya ozingela lokuloba iintlobo, kwaye ngexesha ukuzingelwa ebusika kuvumelekile.

Kwaye emaqeleni Kucherovskaya Poperechenskaya

Kunye icandelo kumzantsi-ntshona yehlathi Kucherovskoy indlela asphalt osuka kwilali Old Shatkino kunye Circe. zomhlaba inethiwekhi kwiindlela zasemaphandleni liqalela ukusuka kwimida ehlathini, nto leyo evumela abantu basekuhlaleni ukuya kungena ebekelwe kwaye kunzima ekukhuseleni loo ntsimi. Ecaleni lasentshonalanga umda Kuncherovskoy ihlathi ugeleza sasivela imithombo ndibatyabula kuzo nemiwonyo. Ngomhla kwintsimi emathafeni abe bolotets ezimbalwa. Kumathambeka ezisemazantsi relict emathafeni esilawulwa utyani - ovsets entlango.

Poperechenskaya emathafeni, kude iindlela zokuhlala. Amachibi nabo emsebenzini. Le ncwadi kuphela kukhokelela emnqamlezweni lali. Ukuze agade indawo egciniweyo ngeenxa has a evulekile. Le emathafeni ke ikwithafa phakathi imilambo Archada kunye bese.

Ostrovtsovskaya emathafeni

Makhe sithethe ngayo. Ostrovtsovskaya oovimba emathafeni kummandla Penza ithathwa amahle kakhulu. Kubhaliwe ibekwe kude impucuko. Inxalenye southern kunye nempuma yeli emathafeni erhangqwe bevala ezinzulu. Emathafeni olu- imijelo ezininzi babalekayo emlanjeni, bese. Maxa wambi, emathafeni iye impahla yayo ezizodwa. Entlakohlaza ngayo elinombala kunye amangile ezimhlophe pink nameva. Ingca wabheka intloko irises purple kwaye Adonis emthonjeni. Ihlobo emathafeni ngokukhanyisa imibala yeqanda zasendle kunye oregano emfusa. imipha White khangela amatshatshazi phakathi amaza sesilivere iintsiba. Summer - ixesha emangalisayo kunye nezinambuzane, likhona phezu iintyatyambo emadlelweni. Baya ukufunda nje oosonzululwazi, kwaye ezifana zizibawu njengexhama kunye Krasotel, zidweliswe ezisengozini.

Borok and Upper Sura

Kwindawo enehlathi ye Borca abathi pine. Ukongeza kulo, kwindawo yolondolozo akhule rowan, maple, viburnum, sihlahla, intaka cherry. Ummandla ibhanti ehlathini uhamba nxamnye wezandyondyo yendlela umlambo i Kadadah. Woodland Borok ethwala ixabiso lolondolozo wamanzi kwindawo ekhuselweyo. Ubunzima ukugawula imithi kule ndawo ehlathini ayikho ngenxa yohlobo sabelo Bork ubume lesikhumbuzo ngo-1965. abahlala Forest, abahlala kunxweme yemilambo - le muskrat kunye beaver umlambo. Neze ehlathini ubona oonomatse, iihagu zasendle kunye nelinqa. Iintaka zimelwe kwindawo yolondolozo Sand Martin, common, loqoqosho eqhelekileyo. Sibone iintaka yokwakha kunye lixhoba elamaKaledi; noontloyiya, goshawk, nto uyithandayo.

Inxalenye yesibini womthi koovimba kummandla Penza - Upper Sura, sise ingxenye ephakeme iVolga inkangala. Le ndawo yamahlathi sikhulu ezintlanu, endingowakhe kulo myezo. Apha, ehlathini le emasimini endala ngcu kuphuma emlanjeni Sura. Le ndawo yamahlathi engenabutyebi emanzini. Kukho izitshixo ezimbini amachibi. Omnye wabo - chibi eqaqambileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela nomzila nokunyuka. Le zityelele iqaliswe ngabasebenzi reserve kunye neempelesi zabo, Yabona, udlula. Esebenzisa Ihlathi ufikelela inani elikhulu iindlela zegrabile, eyenzelwe ukuba balihambahambe myezo.