Ukucutha ngumba imisebenzi ebalulekileyo eziphilayo: ukukhanya, amanzi, ubushushu

Ngokuqinisekileyo ngamnye kuthi waphawula indlela izityalo zohlobo olufanayo bayanda ehlathini, kodwa evulekileyo izithuba va embi. Okanye, umzekelo, ezinye iintlobo ezanyisayo abe labantu elikhulu, ngoxa abanye isenokupheleliselwa xa iimeko ebonakala ncam. Zonke eziphilayo emhlabeni kunjalo egcina nemithetho yayo kunye nemimiselo. ukufunda kwabo iphatha kwendalo. Enye inkcazelo esisiseko - Liebig umthetho Ubuncinane (umda factor).

Ukucutha factor yokusingqongileyo: ntoni na?

usomachiza German umsunguli chemistry yezolimo, uNjingalwazi uJustus von Liebig, wenza izinto ezifunyaniswe ezininzi. Enye edumileyo elivunywe - kokufunyanwa esisiseko kwemithetho indalo: into umda. It laliqulunqwe ngowe-1840, yaye kamva yongezwe kwaye ngokubanzi Shelford. Umthetho uthi na esiphilayo kakhulu ebonakalayo kukho into becala kuphambuka ixabiso layo elilelona lifanelekileyo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba khona i isilwanyana okanye isityalo kuxhomekeke ebukhulwini (ubuncinane okanye maximum) imeko ethile. Abantu zifumaneka kuyo yonke yobomi bakhe ezahlukeneyo izinto ngokunciphisa.

"UMphanda Liebig"

Ukucutha ngumba imisebenzi ebalulekileyo eziphilayo, inokuba nomahluko. Yaqulunqa umthetho lisasetyenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo. Yu.Libih wafumanisa ukuba imveliso yezityalo ixhomekeke ubukhulu becala iziyobisi izimbiwa (zizondlo), eyona wavuma ichazwe emhlabeni. Umzekelo, ukuba nitrogen emhlabeni-10% kuphela yereyithi efunekayo, yaye phosphorus - 20%, lo mba umda uphuhliso eziqhelekileyo, - ukungabikho kwelungu lokuqala. Ngoko ke, umhlaba kufuneka enze ekuqaleni nitrogen isichumiso. Elona xabiso liphezulu kunye nomthetho wasiqonda ngokucacileyo iye yachazwa kuthiwa-"umphanda Liebig" (ingasentla). umongo wayo kukuba xa ugcwalisa isingxobo amanzi uqalisa ukuphuphuma, apho ibhodi imfutshane, kunye nobude abanye akazange ndaba.

amanzi

Le into olindele kakhulu kwaye kubalulekile ukudlula omnye. Amanzi - sisiseko sobomi, njengoko idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi iseli enye kunye nenyama yonke. Ukugcina ubuninzi kwinqanaba ngasekunene - omnye weyona misebenzi engundoqo komzimba nasiphi na isityalo okanye isilwanyana. Amanzi njengomba osisithintelo ubuchule ubomi, ngenxa obungalinganiyo amanzi phezu komhlaba Umhlaba ngawo wonke unyaka. Ngexesha kwemvelo, eziphilayo abaninzi bebeziqhelanisa ukusetyenziswa eyongayo amanzi, sifumana lonyaka elomileyo aleleyo okanye quiescent. Kakhulu le into okuvakaliswa ezinkqantosini, semi-iintlango, apho izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezinqabileyo kakhulu kwaye ezizodwa.

ukukhanya

I-radiation solar engenayo ngohlobo wokukhanya inikeza zonke iinkqubo ebalulekileyo ehlabathini. Eziphilayo ebalulekileyo kwamaza kwayo, ubude sesichengeni, amandla radiation. Kuxhomekeka kwezi zalathisi lithathelwe ephilayo iimeko zokusingqongileyo. Njengoko into ithintela ubukho, sinamandla ingakumbi kweli chibi. Ngokomzekelo, utyala kubunzulu-200 m akukho rhandzana elide. Kunye zokukhanya apha "ukusebenza" yeemeko ubuncinane ezimbini umda: uxinzelelo neoksijini ingqalelo. Oku kukunikwa amahlathi emvula Umzantsi Melika, njengoko kakhulu ubomi ntsimi.

lobushushu kuma

Yinto akukho mfihlelo zonke nokomzimba emzimbeni, ixhomekeke lobushushu lwangaphandle nangaphakathi. Ngezininzi lweentlobo lulungiselelwe ukuba lomqolo ngokwanelisayo elimxinwa (15-30 ° C). Ingakumbi sixhomekeke strong ezivakaliswa eziphilayo apho abakwazi ukuhlala ngokuzimeleyo lobushushu emzimbeni rhoqo, umzekelo, izirhubuluzi (ezirhubuluzayo). Xa inkqubo zazivelela bakha uluhlu lwezixhobo evumela ukoyisa into encinane. Ngenxa yoko, komphunga amanzi ngexesha kushushu ukuphepha nobushushu kwizityalo zinokukhuliswa ngalo yokondliwa, izilwanyana - ngesikhumba kunye isixokelelwano sokuphefumla, kwakunye neempawu zokuziphatha (ifihlwe izithunzi, emingxunyeni, njalo njalo).

ezingcolisa

Ixabiso lika nemeko yomntu kufanele kungajongelwa phantsi. Eminyaka yokugqibela ambalwa umntu yayiphawuleka inkqubela ezikhawulezayo zobuchwepheshe, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo shishino. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni ukukhutshwa emizimbeni amanzi, umhlaba kunye nomoya ziye zanda izihlandlo eziliqela. Qonda yini Imida omnye okanye olunye uhlobo, kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba uphando. Le meko lichaza into yokuba ukwahluka kwimimandla ngamnye okanye imimandla zitshintshile ngaphaya ingqalelo. ukulungelelanisa izinto kunye notshintsho, ezinye iiseli ngabanye.

oku Zonke - eyona miba ephambili umda ubomi. Ngaphandle kwezi, kukho abanye abaninzi ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba lokubhengeza. uhlobo nganye kwaye nkqu umntu okhethekileyo, ngoko ke imiba umda uya kuba yeyona abohlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukuba trout ipesenti obalulekileyo zomongomoya onyibilikisiweyo emanzini nezityalo - ukwakhiwa ubunjani kunye ubungakanani ukuhlakanipha izinambuzane njl

Zonke izinto eziphilayo kwemida ethile yonyamezelo omnye okanye kwenye into umda. Ezinye banzi ngokwaneleyo, ngoxa abanye - elimxinwa. Kuxhomekeka kweli parameter kwaye ukwahlula eurybionts stenobiont. Okokuqala akwazi ukuzinyamezela oscillations awo amakhulu yeemeko ezahlukeneyo umda. Umzekelo, impungutye eqhelekileyo zihlala kakhulu emathafeni to-kumathafa, iingcuka, njl Stenobiont, ngokuchaseneyo, ziyakwazi ukumelana nokunyuka emxinwa kakhulu, bona ziquka phantse zonke izityalo ihlathi.