Iindidi zeentaka: igama, iinkcazelo, iindawo zokuhlala

Kweli nqaku esifuna ukuthetha iyantlukwano enkulu yeentaka ehlabathini. Kuxhomekeka ngezigaba, kukho phakathi 9800 ukuya 10050 iintlobo zeentaka mihla. Ukuba ucinga ngayo, lo nani umxhelo.

Origin of iintaka

inzululwazi yanamhlanje ithi iintaka bavela ezirhubuluzayo yamandulo. Kweli nqanaba ezinye iinkalo eziqhelekileyo ngesakhiwo izirhubuluzi: isikhumba, iintsiba, izikali ezifana kokuba isilwanyana esirhubuluzayo, ukufana imibungu, amaqanda.

I kufuneka zithi സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe yaba ifomu Intermediate phakathi iintaka kunye ezirhubuluzayo ebizwa Archeopteryx. Ekupheleni kwale Mesozoic, kukho iintaka ngokwenene. iintaka Modern iimpawu ezikhethekileyo awazenzayo ukwahlula ezirhubuluzayo. Kwathi amalungu eludabeni, umbono, ulungelelwaniso lweentshukumo kunye namaziko athile neuron, ukubonakala ezinegazi elishushu, ngenxa yeenguqu iinkqubo Wayesoyika zokuphefumla, ubukho intliziyo-zawo ezine kunye nemiphunga nomsi-.

Iindidi zeentaka

Ke kaloku ihlabathi ntaka zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Zonke iintaka lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe superorder ezintathu:

1. Ratites. Uninzi amalungu eli qela zinamaphiko kakuhle kwezoqoqosho. Ezi iintaka musa ukubhabha, kodwa bayakwazi ukubaleka ngokukhawuleza kakuhle. Umzekelo okuphawuleka inciniba Afrika ukuba uhlala amathafa, ebuntlangorha kunye kumathafa Afrika, Australia naseMzantsi Merika.
2. Penguins. Eli qela inqabile kakhulu. amalungu alo bahlala ubukhulu becala ikhweyitha wasezantsi, kunxweme Antarctica. Ezi nakwiintaka ayikwazi ukubhabha, kodwa idade kakuhle. ngemilenze yabo modified zibe mbuku. Yoonombombiya phezu ice ihamba ngokuwatshibiliza nokuzoba phezu umsila kwindawo othe nkqo. An into umdla kukuba ngaba iindlwane ongayakhanga. Bagcina iqanda kwi inwebu ye imilenze, ubagushe phantsi Imihlubulo wanamanqatha kwesisu. Ngokubanzi fat layer eliphezulu likhusela ngokuchaseneyo penguins ezibandayo.
3. Isiqu. Eli qela likhulu kakhulu. Oku kubandakanya iiyunithi ezingaphezulu kwama mabini. It passerines, kurinoobraznye, Anseriformes, Falconiformes, kwagcwala njalo njalo. D.

Njengenxalenye yale nqaku sifuna ubonise neyantlukwano yeentaka kule mizekelo ezithile abanye abameli zehlabathi ngeentlobo, ngenxa yezono zenu zonke intetho nje akunakwenzeka.

iinciniba

zenciniba Afrika - intaka likhulu ehlabathini. Ngaphambili, azivunyelwanga ukuba zibe, kunye nezinye ezinxulumene iintlobo, rheas kunye emu. Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi mihla attribute ukuba imiyalelo ngamnye. Ngoko ke ngoku, ukusuka ngengcamango yenzululwazi kukho mnye kuphela zeenciniba lenene - Afrika.

Into yokuqala imothusa kwi intaka, ngoko ubungakanani elikhulu. Ukuphakama kwayo ayikho ngaphantsi kwe ngamahashe ezinkulu. Iinciniba ukuphakama yakhona ukusuka neemitha 1.8 ukuya 2.7, nobunzima ukuya ku-75 kg. Kukho nkqu eyindoda enkulu, leyo inobunzima ukuya 131 kilograms. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkoliso yokukhula iye ivela entanyeni kunye nemilenze. A intloko kwentaka, phezu koko, incinane kakhulu, nokuba incinane ubuchopho njengenciniba, nto leyo kubonakaliswe ubukrelekrele kweentaka.

Iintsiba iintaka zikhule ngokulinganayo wonke umzimba, kwaye eneneni uninzi iintaka zibekwe kwimigca ezikhethekileyo ebizwa pteriliyami. iinciniba Afrika akukho zikhangeleke, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ziqhelana yokubalekela. Kodwa ke imilenze umsebenzi oncomekayo kunye nokubaleka. Le nyoni a nemilenze emide kakhulu yaye iphuhliswe ngamandla musculature emilenzeni. Ngomlenze ngalinye kukho ezimbini kuphela iminwe. Enye ubungakanani enkulu kunye uzipho, omnye ezincinane. Le Umnwe wesibini inceda ukugcina kwemithwalo ibaleka.

Kwi umzimba, umsila kunye kwamaphiko iintaka iintsiba ezininzi, kodwa entloko, entanyeni zemilenze nje elifutshane phantsi, kubonakala ukuba ze. Amadoda namabhinqa zahluke Afrika usiba iinciniba imibala. Ngaphezu koko, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo babe kombala ezahlukeneyo imilenze kunye ngomlomo.

zenciniba yemvelo African

zenciniba Afrika ohlala phantse lonke Afrika, oko akafumaneki kuphela kwiSahara kunye naseMntla Afrika. Kwakukho ixesha ekulihlaleni le ntaka kwi umhlaba omelene kwilizwekazi le-Afrika, Syria kunye Arabia.

Ngokubanzi izikhova bakhetha amathafa ezivulekileyo. Bona bahlala nemihlaba yeenkuni ezomileyo, amathafa anengca, ebuntlangorha. Kodwa kweengqimba zamafu, moorland, intlango entlabathini abangayithandiyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba abakwazi ukuphuhlisa isantya esiphezulu ngoxa ibaleka. Akhokelela ubomi ungenzi nto, kunye ngokwamaqela amancinane. kunqabile kakhulu apakishe angaquka abantu ukuya ku-50, kwaye kudla kunye antelopes namaqwarha. Xa pack akukho isigxina, kodwa lwemigangatho ecacileyo ngukumkani. Kunabantu ubambe komsila nentamo tye kunye nabameli buthathaka - obliquely. umsebenzi intaka iboniswe ngongcwalazi kunye ebusuku, kwaye ngexesha ekufudumaleni yokuphumla imini.

Iinciniba ise kwelinye icala, kunye kwelinye - nizilumkele ke kunene. Xa kutyiwa, basoloko khangela ngeenxa macala, ukhangela indawo. Ukubona utshaba, zithulwe ngokukhawuleza, engafuni ukujongana umhlaseli. Baye abukhali kakhulu. Utshaba bayakwazi ukubona ngekhilomitha. izilwanyana ezininzi ukujonga ukuziphatha njengenciniba, ukuba bona ngokwabo besingenako ukuzibona kakuhle. Zeenciniba bakwazi ukuphuhlisa ngesantya kweekhilomitha ezili-70 ngeyure nganye, kwaye kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kwaye phezulu ayi-90 ngeyure.

undlunkulu

Ukuthetha ngento iindidi yeentaka emhlabeni, siye ngummeli inkulu enye incinane - ukuya nondlunkulu. Ngokuba thina, intaka elinjalo eziqhelekileyo ukususela ebuntwaneni. Lo kaSparrow - intaka leyo yandile kwizixeko nakwiidolophu. Yena ke ubungakanani obuncinane, zalishumi grams-20 ukuya kuma-35. Bird engena vrobinoobraznyh kwecala, leyo, ukongeza kuye, kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-5000. Ummeli inkulu eli qela - ihlungulu, kwaye incinane - wren.

Lo kaSparrow - intaka got igama layo kumaxesha amandulo. Yaye ngenxa yokuba iintaka bathanda ukuba zivule amasimi yamafama. Babemqweqwedisa kude, abantu bekhwaza besithi: "nesela kwizikrelemnqa."

iintlobo ezimbini na oongqatyana ezifumaneka eRashiya: endlwini (isixeko) kunye yesikhumba. An into umdla kukuba olu hlobo iintaka na isakhiwo eyodwa amehlo, ubone lonke ihlabathi ezi ntaka in pink. Nondlunkulu imini liyadla ubeka imali ebonakalayo amandla, yaye ngoko abanako ukuzila ngaphezu kweentsuku ezimbini.

undlunkulu

Bird Iintsiba baye emdaka imivumbo longitudinal emnyama. Ubude ayidluli iisentimitha elinesixhenxe, balinganise kungekho ngaphezulu kwama-35 grams. Khawuthelekelele ihlabathi kuhlaba ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye elityebileyo kuphela le undlunkulu ineendidi ngaphezulu kwama-16. Xa le ntaka ifumaneka kuphela kumantla Yurophu. Kodwa ke ngokuthe ngcembe oongqatyana bahlaliswe phantse onke amazwekazi ngaphandle Arctic. Ngoku ingabonwa nkqu eMzantsi Afrika, Melika, eOstreliya, apho engeniswe kwi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba oongqatyana basoloko bahlale kufuphi indoda ukukhokela ubukho izinziswe. Kwaye kuphela iintaka abahlala kwimimandla ezininzi kumntla zifuduka ukuba kudluliswe busika kulo climes ezifudumeleyo.

Oongqatyana - ikholwane elingunaphakade woMntu. Bona ebonakala ukuchuma eliphezulu. Isiseko ukudla kwabo wokutya kwezityalo. Kodwa iintaka bayabanjwa nezinambuzane mantshontsho zabo. Emizaneni, iintaka aphaphazele aye emasimini ukukhetha iimbewu phandle phaya. Ngamanye amaxesha oongqatyana zalixhola amabhoma eziqhamo kunye berry, ngaloo ndlela ebangela umonakalo ebantwini.

Ehlotyeni elinye kunokuba izizukulwana ezimbini okanye ezintathu inzala.

stork

Stork - intaka ingaqhelekanga. Kuye kwaba luphawu uxolo emhlabeni elide. White ntaka intle kangaka yaye undilisekile ukuba malunga yabhalwa zakhe iingoma ezininzi kunye nemibongo. Osapho ezinjengengwamza amelwe lweentlobo elinambini. Le abantu kunokuba enkulu. Xa ebudaleni ukuba ufikelela semitha ukuphakama, kwaye namaphiko kweemitha ezimbini. Zonke Iingwamza babe nemilenze emide, intamo kunye ngomlomo.

Bona eqhelekileyo phantse onke amazwekazi. Bahlala nje kuphela ndawo, kodwa kwisibanzi ziingcathu. Abo abantu ukuba bahlala ezishushu, musa saphaphazela semka kuyo ebusika, ngelixa abanye Yayihamba Afrika India. Phila yenkuku iminyaka emashumi mabini.

Iintlobo owaziwa kakhulu ke omhlophe. Birds zehlabathi ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, njengoko oko kungqinwa ezafunyanwa ngabembi bezinto zakudala. Olu hlobo phantse cwaka, ngenxa yokuba ngeentambo ezingaphuhliswanga ngokupheleleyo yezwi.

Iingwamza lalidume ukunyamezela zabo, kuba bayakwazi ukwenza iinqwelo elide kakhulu.

Yokuphila nesondlo zeenkukhu kuxhomekeke yokuhlala. White weNgwamza uncamela amadlelo esesihlanjeni, imigxobhozo. Ngamanye amaxesha ezilalisa uphahla amakhaya, nto leyo kwindlwane. Badla kokutya okusuka kwizilwanyana, amacilikishe, amasele, izinambuzane, iimpuku ezincinane. Kanti nengwamza - yintaka entle amanene.

weentaka

Swan - intaka emhlophe woyisa bonke ubuhle bayo nobuhle. Iqela elincinane zeentaka ezaziwayo-kakuhle iquka iintlobo-7. Ngokubanzi, weentaka kuba ukuya kusapho amadada, kunye nezalamane zabo ikufutshane ezi amadada brant.

Weentaka - ke zasemanzini neentaka zasendle ngobukhulu. Ukuthatyathwa ukuya kilograms ezisibhozo. Iintaka intamo ende kakhulu kwaye irubhrikhi, iintlobo ngalinye luphawulwa kuqulunqo yalo ekhethekileyo. Imilenze iintaka zimfutshane ngokwaneleyo kwaye axhotyiswe imifinya yokuqubha okhethekileyo. Kumhlaba kubonakala ukuba bahambe nzima kunene. I oil ndlala yeentaka sokunikela igrisi ezizodwa, apho iintsiba musa zigcine emanzini.

Zonke weentaka babe imibala efanayo - ezimhlophe, dada elimnyama yaye yahlukile kuphela kubo.

Ziphila uMntla noMzantsi Merika, Eurasia ne Australia. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezilalisa ngasechwebeni amadama, apho unokuba kunye namachibi ezincinane, kunye esisibona amanzi, ezifana kumachweba okanye matheku.

Zonke weentaka lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe akumzantsi wasentla. South uphila ubomi ungenzi nto, kwaye kufuneka ukubhabha emntla ebusika. YaseYurophu iintaka ebusika kwi-South and Central Asia, kwaye US ukuchitha ubusika eCalifornia Florida.

iintaka Live ngokuqhelekileyo ngababini. Yokuba isimo tu kwaye ezolile. Amazwi kweentaka iminxeba ngokwaneleyo, kodwa bona bakhonza isandi kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa nenkuku yamanzi, ezizidenge ukuba benze umsondlo kuphela kwimeko ingozi.

Njengoko iintaka ukutya nezintso, iimbewu kunye neengcambu izityalo emanzini, ingca kunye ezingenamqolo zasemanzini. Feed ukuba emanzini, enzonzobila olwandle intloko. Kodwa iintaka bengenako ukuntywila.

Bee ingcungcu

Sasidla ngokuthetha ngendlela yokuba inciniba Afrika - yeyona ntaka inkulu. Ingcungcu i-bee lincinci. Le ntaka Cuba ayikho kuphela omncinane ehlabathini, kodwa sisidalwa lincinci ezinegazi elishushu on Earth. Iduna ubude ngeesentimitha akukho ingaphezu kwezonka ezihlanu akukho umboniso nzima ngaphezu ezimbini zephepha, ngokobunzima. Kodwa amabhinqa akamelwanga lilikhulu kancinci. Igama ngokwayo icebisa ukuba ezi ntaka musa ngokwazo ngaphezu bee.

Le ntaka incinane - umntu ngokukhawuleza kakhulu nonamandla. amaphiko Objects zenza kubonakale ngathi sinamatye anqabileyo. Noko ke, akusoloko ebonakalayo umbala emibalabala, yonke into ixhomekeke kwi-engile ukubukela.

Nangona ubungakanani omncinane, le ntaka ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ngokuzala kwezityalo. Iyabhabha ukusuka imbali yokuqokelela incindi kunye umboko zayo ezingcakacileyo, kwangaxeshanye lodluliselo umungu ukusuka imbali. Ngamini-nye, utyelelo bee encinane ukuya kwenye nesiqingatha ntyatyambo amawaka.

Kolibri ukwakha ngokwayo socket indebe-emile ayikho ngaphezulu kwe-2.5 iisentimitha ubukhulu. Baya senyuka evela amaxolo, ulele kunye ubulembu. Bathi intaka ibeka amaqanda ezimbini ezincinane ubungakanani-ertyisi.

iintaka

Apha kulapho uyakwazi ukwahluka ikhoyo iintaka, ngoko ke ehlathini. Ngapha koko, ulikhaya iintaka ezininzi. Nangaliphi na ixesha, uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana inani enkulu kubo. Apha neentaka zasendle waluka iindlwane zazo, bafumane ukutya zabo baphethe mantshontsho. Ashinyeneyo kwamahlamvu sikhusela iintaka kwiintshaba kunye yemozulu embi. Ukubethwa ehlathini, uyakwazi ukuva iintlobo zeentetho zeentaka, asikaziboni kodwa uve ngomculo wayo amahle eziqhelekileyo ukususela ebuntwaneni "nengabangaba".

Yintoni iintaka zihlala emahlathini zethu? Ihlabathi kweentaka kuzo utyebile kunjalo, kunzima lokubhengeza zonke iintlobo. Masikhumbule kuphela edumileyo: icula, kwagcwala, nutcracker, akha, izikhova, iinightingale, icula omnyama, izikhova, cuckoos, okhozi, neentlumaya, nutcrackers, orenji igazi, flycatchers, chickadees, lokhozi, crossbill, kwiSabi kunye nabanye abaninzi. iintaka Ihlathi bebeziqhelanisa ubomi iintshinyela zehlathi. Ngalinye iintlobo bahlala kwiindawo ezithile zeli lizwe, kwindawo eqhelekileyo ngokwabo. An into umdla kukuba ngokupheleleyo zonke iintaka yehlathi yokuhlalisana kwintsimi enye, nokuba ubesadla ubomi phakathi zazo ezizingelayo ezinzima, neentaka engeyongozi ngokupheleleyo yaye ezincinane kakhulu. Nje ukudibana emangalisayo.

iposi

Kingfisher - intaka encinane kunye nento ephakathi eqaqambileyo. umbala kalula isuka umva mnyama oluhlaza ukuze-orenji belly eliqaqambileyo. Le umlomo we iposi ke njengesiqhelo: elide tye. Iimazi zincinane ngaphezu into eyindoda. Kumiseni iintaka kunxweme lwemilambo, amachibi, amachibi, imilambo. Ngokubanzi, kuloo ndawo apho kukho cwaka, amanzi aphilileyo.

Kodwa iintaka phezu kweendonga imixawuka phakathi kwamatyholo. Common kakuhle kwaye uzive ezintabeni, maxa wambi selyas apho.

Laba iintaka ndawonye kuphela ixesha lokukhwela. Ngomhla kummandla Russia - oko malunga kwisiqingatha sesibini Epreli, nje emva kokubuya kwakhe sezulu ezifudumeleyo. amadoda iindlwane kunye nabasetyhini khendimbe nemilomo, imilenze emhlabeni kufika. Mink akholisa zibekwe kufutshane namanzi kwaye ingabonakali kakuhle kunye namasebe.

Eneneni akumangalisi ukuba common yakho Lodge ubuyele kumaxesha amaninzi. Ngaphakathi ingabi iindlwane ezinjalo, babeke amaqanda abo ngqo emhlabeni. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho asondeze nayiphi na inkunkuma. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imazi ibeka amaqanda amahlanu ukuya ezisixhenxe, yaye maxa wambi ezilishumi. Baya aqandusele ngokulandelelana, omnye emva komnye, inkunzi nemazi.

Phakathi common abe abantu nezifuduka amavila. Bona eqhelekileyo Eurasia, e-Indonesia kunye kumntla-ntshona Afrika, e-New Zealand.

Common ahlale ngayo amanzi acocekileyo kuphela, ngoko ke ingasetyenziswa kugweba amaqondo ya ntumbuluko.

Ngomhla xikombiso lexi boxiweke zeentaka kungabonwa ngeyantlukwano yabo. Baya kwahluka enye kwenye nje kuphela ngembonakalo, kodwa indlela yobomi kunye nemikhwa, nangona zonke ziphantsi suborder efanayo.