Ngokwezibalo itheyibhile ka Mayakovsky. Zokukhula kunye nobuchule

Ubomi yale Imbongi ayiphelelanga lweminyaka 37, kodwa endaweni kakhulu kunene. Wayengomnye neenkokeli lobugcisa avant-garde, kwaye ngokusemthethweni ibhengeze mxhasi azinikele le Party umgca, umlweli ukumelana ngaphambili eceleni. Imibongo yakhe - indibanisela okhanyayo uphendlo ngeendlela ezintsha kunye neenqobo engunaphakade umxholo, ilizwi enamandla Tribune kunye bokuqonda ezifihlakeleyo lyrical. Zokukhula, equlethe ngokulandelana itheyibhile Mayakovsky, ukuze zibonise ukuyilwa ubuntu wembongi, kodwa ukuvavanya isikali yayo kuvumela katsi ku ngakumbi ngobomi yakhe yokudala.

1893-1906. ebuntwaneni

Wazalwa ngoJulayi 7, 1893 entsatsheni Vladimira Konstantinovicha Mayakovskogo, ngubani wabubhekisa-Ofisi ehlathini kwenye ilali encinane Georgian kufuphi Baghdadi Kutaisi kunye Aleksandry Alekseevny Pavlenko, ntlandlolo Kuban. Utatomkhulu uyise yaba esaul Cossack, wafumana liqhawe.

itheyibhile Mayakovsky ngokulandelana iqulethe eninzi ubungqina anecdotal emandleni akhe imbongi elizayo wafundisa ukuba ukufunda, oko unomdla neengcamango malunga iincwadi nokupeyinta, ukhumbula eninzi yemibongo, kuba kakuhle in Georgian.

1902 - lingena senior abancinane Kutaisi yokwenza umthambo, ebonisa uqeqesho elungileyo ingakumbi ngolwimi Russian kunye zokuzoba.

1905 - umdla ngokukhutheleyo iziganeko olululo, abathatha inxaxheba iindibano kunye nemiboniso. Ulahlekelwa umdla kwizifundo.

February 19, 1906 wafa ngesiquphe ubuthi igazi VK Mayakovsky.

1906-1910. e Moscow

Ngokwezibalo itheyibhile Mayakovsky e Moscow kwisithuba ekuqaleni - ukufunda esikolweni, nto uyithandayo Marxism, ukujoyina i RSDLP (b), ukubanjwa:

1906 intsapho Agasti-Mayakovsky wafudukela eMoscow, apho wayefunda khona udade amakhulu Vladimir - Lyudmila.

1906, Septemba -nachinaet isifundo kwi Izabelo wesihlanu yamandulo. Ukufunda obungalinganiyo, idibene nabafundi-nxaxheba kwi-mbuso. Nomdla wokufunda iincwadi bulumko, ukufunda Marxism.

1908 - okungena Russian Social-Democratic Party of the iiBolsheviks, iqela lafumana lesiqhulo "uQabane uKonstantin", beyeka isikolo kule yokuzilolonga. Esolwa amaphetshana kusasazwe yaye phantsi ukumbopha kuqala. Ukhululwe ngenxa yokungabikho kobungqina.

1909 - Efuna ukuba baqhubeke nezifundo zabo, engena i- School Stroganov, kodwa ngoJulayi waphinda wabanjwa rhanelwa amalungiselelo ale ukubaleka amabanjwa. In Butyrskaya funda fiction kakhulu, kuquka iimbongi Symbolist. Uzama ukubhala ngokwayo.

1910 - Family ufuna kwakhululwa Vladimir njengomntwana. Lokubandakanyeka kumzobo ukulungiselela ukwamkelwa kwiSikolo Umzobo, Umfanekiso Architecture.

1911-1914. Mayakovsky, Futurist

itheyibhile lwamaxesha Mayakovsky xesha, ekuqaleni umsebenzi yokuyila - nolwazi D. Burliuk, yeqonga kuqala kunye nokushicilelwa, ukuthatha inxaxheba intshukumo Futurists:

1911 Septemba - Ukufaka MUZhViZ. Wayeqhelene igcisa kunye nembongi Davidom Burlyukom kunye nezinye futurists.

1912 - wazisa Burliuk kunye nemibongo yakhe, yena uyakuxabisa ngokugqithiseleyo kakhulu. Enza oko ukufunde kuqala lwasesidlangalaleni imibongo yakhe cafe lwekamva "zaduka Dog".

1912 Disemba - imibongo epapashwe kule anthology "ngempama Ukungcamla Public".

1913, Matshi - anthology epapashwe "Missal ezintathu" kunye imibongo kunye nemizobo Mayakovsky.

1913, Meyi - uya uhlelo olulandelelanayo incwadi ethi "I"

1913 Disemba - inxaxheba emiboniso ingqokelela yezinto Futurists, ukusebenza yokuqala ntlekele "Vladimir Mayakovsky" eSt Petersburg.

1914 Januwari-Matshi - inxaxheba kule midlalo ye Futurists ilizwe-ukusuka lonke Kazan ukuya Tbilisi. Bangagxothwa na esikolweni, esinye sezizathu - ngoweqela futurism.

1914, November - emva kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe sikhatyiwe ekufumaneni isiqinisekiso kukuthembeka, kuyimfuneko ukuba bazibandakanye njengevolontiya emkhosini.

1915-1919. Mayakovsky kunye Revolution

Mayakovsky ngokwezibalo itheyibhile ixesha pre-revolution nasemva-Oktobha - yokuhlangana Gorky, kunye ngenkani BRIC, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiziganeko olululo, "ZOKUKHULA Window":

1915, Februwari - intlanganiso AM Ekrakra.

1915 Julayi - Intlanganiso Liliey Yurevnoy Brik kunye nomyeni wakhe.

1915 Septemba - emkhosini. Ngenxa yemigudu Gorky kuchaziwe kwi nkampani wenkampani abangenzi nto nemoto Military Petrograd draftsman - Inkonzo iquka yinxalenye kuphela lemini.

1916 - kwisithuba sonyaka uphume umbongo "Le Ithambo lomqolo nelembande", "War Noxolo", "man" imibongo emininzi.

1917 Spring - nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiziganeko February revolution, uthetha kwi rally, athi isibheno, wonyulwa ukuba Petrograd abasebenzi Arts Union.

1917 ekwindla - emva kokuba Oktobha Revolution obuphathelele intsebenziswano amagcisa evela kurhulumente eSoviet.

1918 Spring - ubhala screenplays, wenza ngo iifilim.

1918, November - lo iphambili kumdlalo "Imfihlelo-Bouffe".

1919-Oktobha-ekuqaleni eMoscow phezu "iifestile" yokukhula "- ukuya ku February 1922 wadala iipowusta 400 kunye neetekisi 600.

1920-1923. Mayakovsky washiya inkokheli art

Ngokwezibalo itheyibhile ubomi umsebenzi ngexesha leMfazwe Civil - kumzabalazo izibongo entsha, yemiboniso entsha, movie entsha, uhambo eYurophu yokuqala, ulindixesha "yikhohlo":

1920 - kufundwa yokuqala zoluntu kumbongo "150.000.000", kulo unyaka imisebenzi emininzi kwiingxoxo, iintetho, awanalo.

1921 - imveliso "Imfihlelo-Bouffe" Meyerhold.

1922 Meyi - uhambo lokuqala phshya - ukucima uphinde Riga.

1922, Oktobha - ukugqiba imisebenzi eziqokelelweyo.

1922, Oktobha - Disemba - uhambo oluya eJamani kunye neFransi, ukuhlangana amagcisa phambili kunye ababhali: uPicasso, Léger, Braque, Cocteau, uNatalia Goncharova, uMikhail Larionov kunye nabanye.

1923 Matshi - weza 1 "yikhohlo" lowu ngumdwelisi umbongo Mayakovsky kaThixo "Malunga Oko", imibongo emininzi kunye namanqaku kwi kwisifundo sobugcisa entsha.

1923-Oktobha - wabhala ikopi advertising Mosselprom.

1924-1925. Imbongi udushe

Abaninzi kwafuneka voey ubomi Mayakovsky. Ngokwezibalo table ubomi kunye nomsebenzi kwexesha esebenzayo ojikelezayo ezweni lonke kunye nehlabathi - yokuthetha kweli lizwe, uhambo eYurophu, i "ukufunyanwa of America";

1924 spring - zasehlotyeni - ukuthetha tour Ukraine, eCrimea.

1924 ekwindla-ebusika - uhambo oluya Paris.

1925 Meyi - ekuqaleni Mayakovsky uhambo eYurophu, apho waba phezu isikhephe wathumela Mexico nase-United States.

1925 Julayi-Disemba - wadibana eNew York kunye D. Burliuk, leyo ihamba ngaphesheya Melika.

1926-1928. ukuvuthwa creative

Ngokwezibalo itheyibhile Mayakovsky - ngokufutshane malunga neli xesha sinokuthi eli xesha ebomini nokuvuthwa obugcisa:

1926 Januwari-Februwari, Juni, Agasti, Oktobha noNovemba - olukhenketho nkulumo ezininzi lizwe, kwakunye ePoland, eCzechoslovakia, eJamani, France. zihloko Main:

• Art entsha.
• Njani ivesi.
• ukufunyanwa yam of America.

1927 - ngaphandle phephancwadi "Entsha yikhohlo".

1928 - uhlelo elahlukileyo umbongo "Good".

1928 kuDisemba - wagqiba umdlalo "Bug", umsebenzi sele kuqalile kwi show: owalathisa Meyerhold, uyilo -Kukryniksov, umculo - winky.

1929-1930. ukunakekelwa esibuhlungu

Ngokwezibalo itheyibhile ubomi Mayakovsky xa kwiminyaka yakutshanje: ukugxekwa ukusuka kubadlali belinye iqela, ukuswela ukuqonda izalamane, ntlekele kubudlelwane buqu:

1929 Januwari - abaninzi Imbongi yokusebenza irhoxisiwe ngenxa nesifo emqaleni.

1929 Februwari - iphambili "Bug" kwi the Meyerhold Theatre idibana ingacaci: indumiso ukugxekwa le kuqulunqo ngokwayo ukudlala.

1929, Meyi - ukuhlangana umdlali Veronikoy Polonskoy - uthando yokugqibela wembongi.

1930, Februwari - Matshi - leMiboniso: "Iminyaka 20" yona kuvula Club le Moscow Writers ', kwi iLeningrad House of Shicilela, House Central of Komsomol Red Presnya. Ziphantse indiva amagosa kunye nababhali.

1930 Matshi - i iphambili "Bani" kwi Meyerhold Theatre kunye nokusilela.

1930 Epreli - leyo wakhululwa ekuqaleni kwenyanga magazini "Shicilela kunye Revolution" phezu imiyalelo yolawulo eqingqiweyo elichaza Mayakovsky kunye umbulisayo kuye phezu engama-20 umsebenzi ngobuchule.

ngosuku sibi

Ubangelwa ngokuzibulala imbongi linxulunyaniswe ulwalamano ubunzima kunye Lily Brik, abe nokuchaza amandla phantse emimoya phezu kwakhe, kwaye nditshatile Veronica Polonsky, kodwa wayefuna ukuqala ubomi bentsapho obuqhelekileyo. Chaza Tatyana Yakovleva, owayehlala eParis wabiza uthando lwakhe lokwenyaniso. Le ngokukhawuleza ukuphuma ezibuhlungu yabangela iinguqulelo ezininzi, kuquka ukubulawa wembongi. Ngokwezibalo etafileni Mayakovsky, ngokufutshane ithetha ngemihla yokugqibela yale mbongi:

Aprili 12, 1930, wabhala ileta ntle odumileyo namazwi iphenyane uthando ikhubazekile ngokuphila ...

Aprili 14, 1930:

8.00 - yena wayesiya kusungulwe kunye ucingo unika T.Yakovlevoy e Paris: "Mayakovsky wadubula ngokwakhe."

8.30 - wayeka ukuba Veronikoy Polonskoy kwaye ayibeke egumbini lakhe.

9.00 - beza ukusebenza kwigumbi Mayakovsky Lubyanskiy Travel.

9.30 - bookman ukuhambisa owabanyusayo incwadi ukuya imbongi wayebayalele, kwenzeka ukubona imbongi emi ngamadolo phambi ibhinqa eliselula.

10,45 - Polonsky ngaphandle kwegumbi, esithi ukuba emva kwexesha kube indlela kwindawo yokubonela, umthembisa ukuba ndibuye ngokuhlwa. UYehu ezinyukweni kanye, weva shot laduma kweli gumbi. Ukubuyela umva, wabona Mayakovsky elele phantsi, kunye amabala yegazi ihempe yakhe ndawo entliziyweni. Yena wafa ngaphambi kokufika ngokukhawuleza ubize inqwelo yezigulana.

ukuqaphela Kubala

Oku biography of Mayakovsky. Ngokwezibalo table phambili kukhunjulwa Imbongi ngumdla.

Isiphelo isizalwane lunzima ungubani Mayakovsky ngabasemagunyeni esemthethweni wabeka Stalin ngokwakhe, ngowe-1935, wathi: "Mayakovsky yaye ihlala, imbongi best zezona ngcali zinetalente ka nguva yin'wana bethu eSoviet Union." Ngoko nangoko emva koko oko yaqala eqamba ezitratweni imbongi kwizixeko ezininzi Union, amathala eencwadi, zokubukela, njl Ukongeza, igama Mayakovsky sifunyenwe:

1935 - Owayesakuba Triumph Square eMoscow;

1938 - Isikhululo Zamoskvoretskaya kumgca we-metro eMoscow;

1946 - kwilali kummandla Kaliningrad;

1954 - Moscow Academic Drama Theatre;

1967 - St. Petersburg umasipala;

1967 - iplanethi minor.