Yintoni intsomi? Fiction: Inkcazo

Yintoni intsomi? Impendulo yalo mbuzo. Kwamnandi ibali, fiction, okanye - i intsomi loncwadi abangaluqhelanga, nto leyo umbongo okanye iprowuzi esibalisayo, umthamo omncinane, ikakhulu umxholo ohlekisayo, nto leyo umfanekiso izifundo ngokoqobo zonakaliswa ngabom.

Ukuzimisela yamabali

vy Propp, philologist kunye folklorist, waphendula umbuzo malunga yintoni fiction - le yenye iintlobo uhlobo kwamnandi, apho ngaphakathi vyvorochena ngokwenene. Ukunxulumanisa kubo ibali iziganeko kubomi kungenakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo, ngolo hlobo, ngathi emagxeni zomntu iwela ukuya kumgxobhozo, idada phezu kwentloko yakhe, ukwakha yentaka kwaye zizala amaqanda, kwaye ke ingcuka uza kudliwa ngukruxeshe.

fiction Russian

Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, eRashiya kwakukho isikolo lwemveli abantwana ukusuka kwiminyaka-4 ukuya ku-12, apho alubonakalisa ngayo ngalunye ngokwayo ngomdla omkhulu nokuzingela, ngokuba oko angeyonyani.

Olu uhlobo eyasungulwa iyahlekisa, ukuxoxa, kulithamsanqa iingoma funny kunye namagama abayidlalileyo ezilalini kunye nemizi phezu hooters kunye waxwings.

Kuphononongo lwe iintsomi yesizwe, wenza Andreem Sinyavskim, zabelwa ibali fantastic nangeyonyani, alibiza amabali malunga imicimbi, ndandingazange ndibe kwaye ayikwazanga. Nantso into eyinyani (inkcazelo Andreya Sinyavskogo). Oko kukuthi, ukuba amagama kunye neemeko ngokuphandle alogical, leyo eyenzelwe ukuba wenze nemiphumo ehlekisayo. Ngokomzekelo, yena sicaphula Isiqwenga ukusuka 'Tales Northern ", ebhaliweyo NE Onchukovym. Ithetha ngendlela umntu wabeka izembe ezinyaweni zakhe ziyakazele, ebhinqe kumqheba ngezembe, ukuhlahla iinkuni nombhinqo. Umfazi wakhe ubuhle - njenge khangela phandle ngefestile, ngoko ke izinja zikhonkotha iintsuku ezintathu. Nantso into ebubuxoki. Inkcazo olu hlobo nanikwa ekuqaleni kweli nqaku.

Umahluko phakathi amabali kum kunye zintsomi

Uphawula Andrei Sinyavsky nokuba kwiincwadi zamabali, ukuze kuzuzwe isiphumo kwinqakwana, kufuneka amagama kunye, amaxabiso ezo uhlele. Njengoko amabali kum, ibali fantastic - a lumo le nentsomi ngokwayo. Umahluko phakathi kwabo amanga neqiniso yokuba amaqela awohlukeneyo parodied. Izisa ukuya obungenanjongo tale kum umgaqo ubude kunye connectivity. Kuphela uhlobo engenanto kuyo kuhlala: ezibhijeleyo, wolula infinity chain lwamagama. Umxholo Ibali fantastic bazisa nebali iintsomi ezitenxileyo ngokwayo kunye notyekelo ayo angaphezu nommangaliso. Nantso into ebubuxoki.

Fiction in America

intsomi American yinxalenye ebalulekileyo uhlobo yamabali, leyo lisukela emva ukhuphiswano abaqhayisa ngamabakala Wild West. "Toastmasters International" ibanjwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini, wamela ubugagu, leyo njengecandelo engatshatanga neendidi Indaba kumnandi. Nxaxheba kulo mzekelo, kunikwa imbali imizuzu 3-5, emva koko ke kugwetywa yijaji.

Amaqhawe uthandwayo iintsomi eMelika ziquka abalinganiswa kulandelayo, ezinye zazo nayo yimbali: imithi isigebenga uPawulos Bunyan, lowo wathatha izembe ezandleni zakhe ngomhla wesibini emva kokuzalwa kwakhe; Peta Cordes, umninawa wakhe; Toni Biver; Pecos Bill, Daniyeli Bun kunye nabanye.

Fiction kwamanye amazwe

Njengoko umthetho, namanga isenzo (lwemveli Australia) ithatha indawo etyholweni, umzekelo, Spivey, ifama kaHomer. Bona abo baphambili ka Big Bill yamba yenzelwe kakuhle amalahle kwemigodi, eyona isiyatha fama umhlali; kwakunye odumileyo Strigal lowo balihlutha ngamandla amakhulu, ogama Crooked uMick. Lo mlinganiswa liyavela umsebenzi 'Whispers kwi Wind "Alana Marshalla.

hero Popular yeentsomi ezahlukeneyo eCanada Mafero Joe, ngumlinganiswa cishe, imithi omkhulu.

Zamabali ku inkcubeko owayephila

iindlela ezithandwayo amabali kwinkulungwane yama-20 baba imifanekiso senziwe ngomhla makhadi. Abenzi bemeko- bavame kudityaniswe bezoba iifoto, esebenzisa utshintsho injalo ye umfanekiso kubambisa iintlanzi omkhulu, hunt izilwanyana enkulu okanye ekhwele phezu kwabo, ukukhulisa eyayinkulu ngokungaqhelekanga zesityalo. Kwakhona Believe It (yintoni na eyinyani, funda ekuqaleni kweli nqaku) izibakala ezahlukeneyo malunga Chuck Norris - amabali ahlekisayo ngaye.

zixoxwa Ukusebenzisa kwiincwadi zamabali

Ngabo uphawu isikakhulu lwemveli, kodwa kukwakho fiction ezoncwadi, ikakhulu kusekelwe kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo lwemveli. Imizekelo iquka le ilandelayo: The Adventures of Baron Munchausen kule ntetho yombhali UErich Raspe, Gargantua kunye Pantagruel of Rabelais 'inoveli igama elifanayo, tale Pomeranian Stepan Pisahova kunye Boris Shergina. Kwakhona iquka umbongo "Isidubedube" Korney Chukovsky, nezibabandakanya nocatshulo turncoats.

Chukovskij ubonisa abantwana ukuba ukuziphatha yezilwanyana efanelekileyo. Xa intliziyo yalo tale na kumzabalazo wokulwa ububi: ulwandle kuzitshisa chanterelles ngomlilo, yazeka umdlalo. Decoupling ngesiquphe: akukho namnye unako ukubeka ngaphandle, kuphela ibhabhathane encinane unako ukukwenza oko.

Chukovsky kumzabalazo ibali 20 kwafuneka lijongane ootitshala wayegcina i elementi yoohlohlesakhe inkcubeko ugugile, baze bapapasha umsebenzi yenzululwazi - ". Thina nxamnye sentsomi" ingqokelela amanqaku phantsi kwesihloko abaninzi yosizi idilesi shifter senziwa. It Chukovskij evuselela olu hlobo. Namhlanje, Ngethamsanqa, isimo sengqondo tale yinto enye.

Samuil Marshak (iminyaka yobomi - 1887-1964) wawumanya mbongo odumileyo malunga obuntu saa ukusuka pool esitalatweni. Ukuba badalwa phambi imfazwe, xa behlala umbhali eLeningrad, musa ukuba kude ekhoyo eneneni Baseina Street (namhlanje ibizwa ngokuba esitratweni Nekrasov).

imisebenzi zixoxwa

Ebantwaneni, uqheliso yokuqala ubhalo ezi ndaba ukwahlulwa kwemisebenzi, ngokumnika iimpawu uncharacteristic. Abantwana ukuza HRE kunye namabali ngokwabo. Korney Chukovsky wabhala ukuba ukusetyenziswa amabali ezinjalo kunye ndinyana icacile: naliphi na ukutenxa kumgaqo komeleza kuyo usana olo, ngayo ivavanye lonke orientation ngasentla kule nkampani kweli hlabathi. Umntwana namandla akhe engqondo njengoko wenza neemviwo uyabachasa kuyo, nto leyo iphakamisa nentembelo nobukrelekrele, ukuzithemba, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba abantwana, ukuze ulahlekile kwihlabathi lethu ingalawuleki.

Zamabali abadala gibberish ngomlomo, ngathi kukulavuza, umntwana - amabali ahlekisayo malunga ngokwenene ayikwazi kuba yintoni. Qaphela ukuba ukususela kwixesha lakudala kakhulu kubantu kukho olu hlobo lwemveli, kwaye eneneni lwemveli igcina kuphela kakhulu, lokucoca ngaphandle engenamsebenzi. Mntwana, ngokuthe ngcembe etyhila sabantu beli hlabathi, ukwenza iingcamango ezintsha, ngokuthe ngcembe uqala ukudlala iintlobo kweekhonsepthi, ngenxa yokuba kuphela ngokudlala indoda encinane ukuqonda isakhiwo iphela.

Bantwana, inverting i nesenzeko ezahlukeneyo, ebeka nentsingiselo entsha esaziwayo, funda indlela yokusebenzisa kwaye kungcono ukulawula iingqiqo ezahlukeneyo zenza ukuyila, inkululeko yokucinga, ngoko uqalise ukuziva nokuqonda uburharha.

Siye sahlolisisa ukuba eyinyani. Inkcazelo, iintlobo, nemisebenzi yabo baye bafunda sithi. Njengoko ubona, olu hlobo kakhulu 'umdla yaye iluncedo. Izicengcelezo Nursery kunye namabali - akukho nje esonwabisa amabali, bona, iinjongo ezithile kunene kakhulu, ukunceda ukuba ubuntu womntwana.