Luvo - yintoni na le nto? Ulwakhiwo umsebenzi dendridov

inyama luvo yakhiwa luvo kunye glia, wenza uthotho weyona misebenzi ezintsonkothileyo nebalulekileyo: likhupha amaza amandla ombane, ezo ke idluliselwe kwizihlunu kunye nezigqeba isilwanyana yabantu okanye ezinomqolo. Iiseli yale esiqwini zezi lwesakhiwo ezikhethekileyo. Inika zombini kukuvela excitation kunye inhibition, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwawo. Xa neuroscience na le nkcazo ilandelayo: luvo - kuba iinkqubo ze iiseli zemithambo-luvo ukuba walibona nokudlulisela ulwazi umzimba neuron. Kweli phepha siza kuphonononga iingcamango zangoku malunga iindlela ekudluliseni inkqubela-luvo kwiindawo ezinkulu e-nervous system: ingqondo umnqonqo, kwakunye ukufunda isakhiwo dendrite, njengenye amacandelo neurocytes.

Kuba oku siqwalasela ngokweenkcukacha izakhiwo neuron ethile, oko iyunithi esisiseko kwithishyu luvo.

Njengoko isakhiwo neurocyte enxulumene nemisebenzi yayo

Electron iindlela zophando obungabonakaliyo iye yaqinisekisa isixhobo inkqubo ezizodwa kakhulu entsonkothileyo open eziphilayo ekuthiwa cell-luvo. Liquka umzimba (Soma), elinye lomzimba elide - kunye nobuninzi omfutshane Umzobo wesi ukuhluma. Ngamnye kubo onxulumene kukho icytoplasm umzimba cell. Le dendrite. Isakhiwo kunye nenkangeleko isambuku kwiinkqubo ezimfutshane embhoxo isithsaba emthini. Ngokutsho kwakhe umzimba neuron ngokusebenzisa synapse ifumana nekhono bioelectric kwezinye iiseli zemithambo-luvo.

Morphology neentlobo

Ngokutsho histology uphando mihla, luvo - a isiphelo neurocyte branched kuphela ukwamkela, kodwa kwakhona ukudlulisa ulwazi ukuyifunda ngohlobo ngamaza ombane, kwinkqubo multi-siteshi anatomically onemfundo iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezihambelanayo. Zinezintlu izixa ezikhulu organelles protein-synthesizing - ribosomes. Ezinye iintlobo iinkqubo ezimfutshane, ezifana neurocytes pyramidal, bakhuselwe izakhiwo ezizodwa - ameva.

Ngokutsho ulwahlulohlulo ezicetywa neurohistology Spanish S. Ramon y Cajal, dendrite ababini aphambuke liqumrhu iseli luvo ephambana (neurocytes disorder). Ukuba a lot of luvo, ukuba diverge ukusuka Soma radially. Esi sakhiwo uphawu interneurons. Xa iiseli Purkinje cerebellar ubengekho na emzimbeni, ezihlobene neurocyte ngohlobo kwee-fan. dendrite nganye, ogama isakhiwo-ntathu yahlukile amasebe asebumelwaneni inani ophethe sombane ukugeleza kwalo.

Ngelo kuchaphazela iinkqubo eyayizalwa luvo

Umzimba neuron kukho yokusasaza, ezamkelela ngexesha elifanayo into eziphilayo jikelele. Volume (ingakumbi data engenayo) yi kisekiyo ngqo inani neemvakalelo-luvo ongenayo. Bona kumiselwa iqondo eyayizalwa yomthi dendritic. Ngoko ke, luvo - it izakhiwo neurocyte ukuba badlale umsebenzi ezimanyanisayo.

Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo okwandisa ndawo zoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwiseli luvo. Eyongezelelweyo efanayo synapse uluhlu amaxesha kwandisa ukusebenza onke amasebe njengoko ingqondo kunye umnqonqo, kunye nenkqubo luvo xa iyonke.

Ubume dendrite

Ngokufundisisa amalungiselelo ezincinane zeeseli-luvo safumanisa ukuba uninzi iinkqubo abe imilo zezindlu. avareji ububanzi yabo 0.9 micron. ubude dendrite iyahluka ngokubanzi. Ngokomzekelo, iiseli zemithambo-luvo stellate yalo mba izimvi le neuron zimfutshane (akukho ngaphezulu kwe-200 microns) amasebe umthi dendritic, kanti iinkqubo motor neuron zibandakanyiwe uphondo phambi umnqonqo, zomyalelo 2 mm.

zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa - ameva kwakheka kwi amasebe neurocytes ikhokelele kwinani elikhulu leesynapse - slotted izihlalo uqhagamshelane ne Umzobo wesi, dendrite okanye Soma enye neuron. kungenziwa akhiwe leesynapse kwi ofileyo dendrite zibizwa ngokuba baphuma okanye ngqo kwi ameva yayo. Njengoko sele uyazi, luvo - waso branched neurocytes iyakwazi ukufumana inkanuko. Unikezelo kwakhona lwenzeka kula biopotentials usebenzisa iikhemikali molekyuli - Ntsapho njengabangeneleli, ezifana acetylcholine, okanye neGabha. Le inwebu okuhlanganisa dendrite bekubona imijelo ion, emane ukuse- calcium akubonakali, sodium kunye potassium ababandakanyekayo sicatshulwa neemvakalelo-luvo ngokusebenzisa neuron.

Njengokuba ulwazi iza iiseli zemithambo-luvo

Ngexesha ekudluliseni iindleko zombane engunobangela uvuselelo kunye inhibition, kunye ne Umzobo wesi kunye luvo ababandakanyekayo. It iinkqubo neuron, nto leyo yenze leesynapse kunye namanye amasebe kumthi dendritic of neurocytes. Empirically bafumanise ukuba luvo ezi outgrowths yeseli kukho icytoplasm, ndizayo camera. Kuyo kukho zizimvo babuthathaka zombane - nekhono amanyathelo.

Ngenxa kwiinkqubo ezimfutshane enye iseli luvo ifumana kwaye adlulisele pulses amawaka aliqela eyenziwe leesynapse. Lo asinguye na umsebenzi kuphela luvo. Kwakhona ukusebenza ngalo kwaye ukudibanisa ulwazi uzayo iiseli zemithambo-luvo, enika ulawulo ummiselo kwaye asetyenziswe yi luvo onke amalungu kunye nezihlunu emzimbeni womntu.