Lexinene lesigidi kwindalo nakubomi

Sisihlandlo sokuqala lesigidi eziye asinda ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, umhla emva malunga V BC kwekhulu Ngaloo maxesha ukuba acatshulwe ngelixa ngendlela eyaziwayo kuphela - ngu zokudubula cinnabar (compound isalfure) kunye namalahle. Phezu ukufudumeza cinnabar uyazifohloza phantsi mercury yayo nesulfure, le yokugqibela idibanisa mpilo kwaye yenza inamehlo ekucaphukisayo. Bushushu, loxinano imetyhuri (kg / m3) yi eekhilogremu 13 545.7 nganye imitha cubic, nayo - le metal kuphela ukuba sigcine kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo ukwimeko engamanzi.

Kwindalo, lexinene xa kuthelekiswa le mercury lisezantsi kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nama-0.03 - 0,09 mg ikhilogramu iliwa nganye. iidipozithi kanzulu zinqabile, ingakumbi iikhompawundi imetyhuri ngokoqobo saa kufuphi komphandle inwebu kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Ehlabathini lonke kukho malunga 5000 iidipozithi yale metal, nto leyo ufakwa kuphuhliso malunga kuphela 500 Ngokutsho data bezenzululwazi, ezixineneyo eliphezulu mercury (xa kuthelekiswa namanye amacandelo) yabonwa ngabantu mlilo ngengubo komhlaba, apho hits phezu kwaye emoyeni, iinyikima zomhlaba, iziphene ziitectonic plates, njl I ekuthiwa ukuphefumla le mercury planethi ngokomphushu ezinzonzobileni zamanzi komyalelo ka-3 000 okulahlwayo mercury ngonyaka ngamnye; abantu (ukuba ukholelwa izazinzulu estimated) wongezelela koku malunga nama-4000 tonnes ngonyaka. Xa inani isikali langa ingabonakala incinci, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka athathe ingqalelo ukunyibilika ephantsi kakhulu ezininzi iikhompawundi mercury, ngenxa kuzo phantse kushenxiswa emzimbeni.

Ukukwazi zesinyithi enzima ukuya olwenzeka kancane - osemqoka zingambi kakhulu, ingakumbi xa ucinga ukuba zigcinwa nje kuphela abantu kodwa zomzimba zezilwanyana iinkonzo ukutya kwethu. Ukuxinana isihlobo lesigidi amaninzi umzimba wesilwanyana, hayi okufanayo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo; Ukongeza, bachatshazelwa yi-yokuhlala kunye nobudala. Hi xikombiso, intlanzi yokuphanga ngcembe yande ezintweni zabo ezimbaxa equlethe imetyhuri; lexinene ezi zihlanganisi njengokuba ubomi ezizingelayo ikhula ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu ntlanzi zitya ukutya izityalo. Lo mba kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, ingakumbi xa umzimba emanzini apho wabamba intlanzi boniswa nogutyulo. izigqibo ezifanayo nayo semthethweni ukuba oluhlala ezweni izilwanyana neentaka.

Nangona ubuthi eliphezulu mercury, ukulahlwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kungenzeka neze. Mhlawumbi elaziwa lwesicelo layo ithemomitha zonyango (indibanisela okulungileyo: amayeza nesisi phandle). Ukusetyenziswa mercury njengoko somlinganiselo lobushushu lilawulwe yi zombini kwayo kuluncedo ngokungaqhelekanga iimpawu: 1) uluhlu elikhulu kwamaqondo kulinganiswa; 2) uniform ngaphezu koko ezinye ezilulwelo, extensibility (Oku kuphucula ukuchana womlinganiselo); 3) ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo iglasi xa belele mercury; 4) umthamo abile, ukunika impendulo ekhawulezayo kwithemometha ekutshintsheni iimeko zangaphandle.

Kufuneka sibe ngaphantsi enkulu ebizwa ngokuba izibane ezibengezelayo apho imitha eyenziwe nesigidi phantsi yesenzo yokumpompoza ukuvutha. Ngokuqhelekileyo mercury ingxinano (okanye mandithi umphunga yayo) kwi bulb incinane, uxinzelelo yomhlaba eyenziwe nge yegesi egalelwe. ukukhanya zibonakale ubonakala ngokusebenzisa phosphor sibekwe phezu komhlaba zeglasi: yiultraviolet nesigidi ako ngokupheleleyo, kwaye amandla lisasazwe kuluhlu ebonakalayo. Umgangatho ukukhanya (imibala, ukuqhubeka kwiinkalo) kuxhomekeke ukwakhiwa ethile phosphor. Kuba kwiindawo zokuhlala Kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe isibane Ngokukhanya efudumeleyo (okanye indibanisela izibane efudumeleyo kunye kukhanya kwiseti), kuba le ofisi yeyona mini ibalulekileyo, okt esikhanyisa little cool ngakumbi.