Le Isazinzulu UCharles Darwin: ibhayografi, iingcamango kunye ezifunyaniswe. UCharles Darwin: ibhayografi emfutshane

UCharles Darwin - enye yezona ubhetyebhetye kwabaphandi kwimbali yoluntu. Semvelo, umhambi, umbhali we imfundiso yokuzivelela - yiloo yinxalenye encinane impumelelo yakhe enkulu kunye nokuvuzwa.

Esakhula

biography Emfutshane Darwin akuthethi ukuchaza igalelo elikhulu ISAZINZULU kuphuhliso disiplin mihla, kodwa iqala ngo-1809

umphengululi Uzalwa weshumi Februwari kwi IsiNgesi intsapho enkulu Shrewsbury, Shropshire.

Ngokutsho kwe data, ezishiye ingxelo ngayo kwincwadi engobomi bomntu Darwin ukuba uyise womntwana lowo, wayenza yezimali. Kwakhona, waba ngugqirha yimpumelelo. Umsebenzi Robert Darwin ivumela usapho ukuze baphile kamnandi. Emva koko, uyise wayezidla ukuba unyana wakhe - Charles Darwin. biography emfutshane nzulu iqinisekisa ukuba uyise nonyana bonke ubomi bakhe ukuba baxhasane.

unina womntwana walishiya eli hlabathi ngo-1817, yaye wahlala inkcazelo encinane kakhulu.

biography Emfutshane Darwin isixelela ukuba utatomkhulu wakhe uCharles Erasmus, yaba gqirha, sobulumko, umbhali. Ngokubanzi, onke amalungu entsapho baba abantu inqanaba eliphezulu sezobuntlola kunye nenkcubeko.

Loluphi uhlobo lwemfundo ezifunyenweyo Darwin? Biography isixelela ukuba 1817 waqalisa izifundo kwisikolo ngosuku yasekuhlaleni, kunye nonyaka kamva yadluliselwa Anglican.

Charles Young wayengekho kakhulu umntwana osisiyatha. Kodwa ke ngaxeshanye esikolweni andizange ungathanda ukufunda kwaye cinga kwikharityhulam uyadika kakhulu.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha labo mahala babekhetha ukuqokelela bafunde izinambuzane, amaqokobhe namatye ezingaqhelekanga. Bukiwe ziinkqubo zendalo - imithi eneentyatyambo kunye namatyholo, phezu kwemilambo, ulwalathiso umoya. Wayelithanda ngokuzingela nokuloba.

UCharles Darwin. biography esifutshane. nemfundo yaseyunivesithi

Ngowe-1825, uyise waphulaphula isicelo unyana wakhe waza wathumela ukuba bafunde e-University of Edinburgh. URobert wayefuna ukubona ubukhosi zonyango inkwenkwe ezihlangwini.

Ingakumbi ixesha elininzi eyayinikelwe nasekufundweni eziphilayo, ingakumbi, ezingenamqolo zaselwandle, ulele. Uyakuthanda ezintsha, imbali zendalo yokwakheka komhlaba. Yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwimisebenzi University Museum, apho ukuqokelelwa eYurophu inkulu izityalo lwaqokelelwa.

Emva kweminyaka emibini "kakhulu uyadika" isikolo imitsi uqeqesho.

Xa Ebongozwa kayise ngumsindo ugqiba ukutshintshela-Faculty of Theology e Cambridge, apho ootitshala baya kuba nako ukwazi igama, ngoko lanyikima ihlabathi lonke ihlabathi - Charles Darwin. Biography ukhankanya ukuba sicelo ukufunda ngenyameko iincwadi ecaweni sokwamkelwa. Owenza ngabanye notitshala in Shrewsbury wakhe.

Ivula isahluko entsha yobomi bakhe, Darwin. Biography of eli xesha ebomini sisazinzulu enkulu abalise: nangoko emva kweeholide kweKrismesi ngowe-1828, wacezela ngempumelelo iimviwo emnyango.

Iminyaka zoqeqesho khumbula Izifundo sihambe, ukuzingela, amabhungane lokuqokelela, ukufunda iincwadi, imathematika, inzululwazi kunye nokwakheka kwaso.

Yena iziqu imfundo 1831. Nangona kukho inyaniso yokuba impumelelo enkulu ngexesha uqeqesho olwafunyanwa lingaphumi, Azitywine, olu lwazi eyenza Darwin ukuba kuluhlu baphumeleleyo ezilishumi engcono.

Emva kokuphumelela, waba ngakumbi athandabuze ukuba inyaniso iimfundiso zobuKristu.

UCharles Darwin: ibhayografi emfutshane. imisebenzi yendalo

Kwimfuno uphelayo ukuphumeza sisazinzulu enokubakho wayeqhelene yezityalo odumileyo Dzhonom Henslou, abafumana isidanga yeqela abaphandi uhlobo Umzantsi Melika ababe- "Beagle". Emva koko, lo nzulu baziincamisa wavuya gqitha ukuba iqela waya Darwin. Biography, ngokupheleleyo zifundwa mbali benzululwazi, iqinisekisa le ngxelo.

Uyise UCharles ngokuchasene uhambo, ecinga ukuba yinkcitha xesha. Kuphela ngenxa yokungenelela kayisekazi, uYosiya Wedgwood II, uRobert Darwin wancama waza wabanika ukuhlukana yentsikelelo unyana wakhe.

Kuba uhambo seminyaka emihlanu ngaphezu iqela waya ePeru, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, eYurophu, eOstreliya, Afrika.

On the zeGalapagos Islands wamazwe mockingbirds ingakumbi abanomdla, ezahlukileyo kancinane kulawo afumaneka eNgilani. Ufudo wafunda, iintlobo ayifani nokuba kwiziqithi angabamelwane.

Scientist ngomdla wafunda indawo zengingqi, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Isiphumo hambo waba ingqokelela enkulu yamatye, iiminerali, imifuno, izilwanyana wafaka neentaka. Baye lwenziwe ukuchaza imbonakalo kunye kwendlela ezakhiwe ngayo ezingenamqolo ezininzi.

Zonke ngqwalasela zarekhodwa kwidayari, apho Charles nokuthembela xa ubhala amaphepha ophando kule minyaka engamashumi amabini ezayo. Studies ashicilelwe phantsi kwesihloko "ezinika ehlabathini lonke ababe-" Beagle ". Le Isazinzulu sele ifumene udumo ehlabathini kwindawo yenzululwazi, kwakunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo.

Ukongeza uCharles ayila ubizo kunye nenjongo ebomini - Darwin akazange abone ubomi ngaphandle kwesayensi.

kwimisebenzi yezobunzululwazi

Isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu-uhambo Darwin wakhulela zezenzululwazi. Biography ithi emva kokugqitywa kwalo, uCharles wafudukela eCambridge. Kodwa kungekudala ndafudukela eLondon, apho engena ibutho izazinzulu, leyo ugxile kule minyaka mihlanu izayo.

Eli xesha yabalasela ngobomi ingxokolo uCharles, umsebenzi onemveliso - zaye zabhalwa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo, lwenziwe iiyure ezininzi mpikiswano eshushu. Ngokuba uthando ukusukela ongenalusini kobungqina iingcinga kunye neengcamango komphandi khetha unobhala engundoqo umphakathi komhlaba.

Bayakulangazelela utshintsho

Ukuhlala kwisixeko esikhulu, uxinzelelo ngakumbi nangakumbi phezu sisazinzulu. A umzimba mbi ukumelana nezifo ehlasela.

Ngowe-1839 watshata Emma Vedzhvud kwaye sele ngo-1842 bafudukela kwilifa abazifumene "Dawn."

Kamva, umfazi uya kuzala abantwana Darwin ezilishumi.

Kude ephithizelayo aloo mzi, Charles akwazi ukuzinikela ukuba zokuzonwabisa zakhe - ukukhwela, ukuloba, ukuzingela, indalo ukubukela,

ilifa Solid kunye nengeniso evela iincwadi ezibhalwe ukuvumela ukuba gxwa izinto ozithandayo.

Ngowe-1842, kwabhalwa kwathiwa yi umsebenzi "umdla ngezilo kwi" zikaDarwin Beagle ".

Revolutionary ngexesha ethi "The Origin of Species Esebenzisa Ukhetho Natural" yapapashwa ngo-1859.

Iimpikiswano ngokuchasene umbhali yaphikisana uluvo wazivuma eluntwini, yomelezwa imibhalo yeBhayibhile malunga wadalwa ngayo ihlabathi. Iinkqubo ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha kutheni kufuneka ucinge ithuba kwizigidi zeminyaka uphuhliso oluzimeleyo indalo - izityalo, izilwanyana, abantu. Emva koko, le ngcamango yathiywa emva wamazwe - ". KaDarwin"

Le mbono uxhaswe ifunyenwe ngenyameko ngexesha nimana ixesha elide eziphathekayo. "KaDarwin" zaye zasasazeka kakhulu yaye, nangona kwihlazo, bazisa sisazinzulu ingeniso elungileyo.

imisebenzi Eminye kunye neenkonzo

Ngowe-1862 wapapasha incwadi "uvuvuzelo orchid", emva koko - "izityalo scrambles" kunye "Carnivorous plants".

Ngowe-1868 - kuqhubeka "The Origin of Species ..." - ". Ukutshintsha izilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nezityalo belima"

Ngowe-1871, ihlabathi wabona incwadi ethi "The Descent of Man lokukhetha ngokwesondo".

Kwaye ngo 1872 - "Expression le Iimvakalelo e Man and Izilwanyana," apho izazinzulu sihlolisise imvelaphi yomntu yookhokho nemfene.

Kakade ke, abazange ithandwa kangaka, kodwa kuya kuvumela izazinzulu kufumana amabhaso eziliqela ezidumileyo, phakathi kwabo - Kopleevskaya imbasa yegolide evela kubahlali Royal.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, yena wenza i yekhethelo Doctor of Science Breslau, Bonn, iYunivesithi Leiden, kwakunye esihambelanayo njengelungu St. Petersburg Academy.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Russian Church Orthodox na isikhalazo malunga imisebenzi sesayensi wazama nzima ukungcolisa kuye. On ukuziphendulela kwafuneka ukuba ndime abameli ezininzi nezazi. Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy ngokubonakalayo bakhusela into akholelwa ukuba sisazinzulu. Biography iqinisekisa le data.

memory

I-nzulu esidumileyo ushiye ihlabathi lethu elinethoba April 1882 eneminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe anesithathu.

Nangona udumo wonke, inzala iya kumkhumbula njengomntu othobekileyo, ubuhlobo, nolwazelelo. Darwin, ogama engobomi ifundwa zonke iiyunivesithi mihla kwaye wangcwatyelwa Westminster Abbey, kufuphi Isaaka Nyutona.

isiphelo

Charlz Darvin waba phakathi izazinzulu ababalaseleyo lonke ixesha. umsebenzi wakhe, ezingqina imvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo ukusuka kuhlobo olunye sisiseko mihla kuyondelelaniswe yendaleko, ibhayoloji, kunye nemfuza.

UMlawuli Jon amiel yenziwa i kwibali elifutshane Darwin - ifilim ngo-2009, "The Origin of Species."

Zibonakaliswa omnye neyabo ubalaseleyo lonke ixesha.