Ukufumana benzene

Kukho iindlela ezininzi yemveliso mveliso kunye kwilebhu benzene, leyo ziyahluka ngokungqinelana noko imveliso uyonyulwa njenge izinto yokuqala. imveliso yemichiza yangoku njengoko ezinjalo kusebenza iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo enuka kamnandi, ezifana coke oven negesi eveliswa ngexesha coking kwamalahle. Bona amaqhezu amalahle tar esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye ezahlukeneyo lasekwa ngo neyanamhlanje le-oli ekrwada.

Coking amalahle - inkqubo linyathelo elikhulu kushishino sentsimbi, kubalulekile ukuba ufumane coke. Akukho mfuneko ukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha zonke ubuchwepheshe, olusekelwe phezu kumalungiselelo benzene, kwanele ukuba nithi kule meko oko kwasekwa inyathelo, xa amalahle ibolile kwaye iimveliso yokubola ezi coke kunye volatiles ikakhulu - coke igesi oveni. Enkungwini wayo amalahle tar. Xa le gesi udlula inkqubo ekondensa, kukho umsantsa kwezinto akha ngayo. Emva elektrofiltrovaniya coke igesi oveni sele iqulethe iperi ye-oganikhi khompawundi kuquka benzene. Le ukulungiselela iqinisekisa isivuno salo yebhenzina uhlobo ekrwada malunga ilingana 10-11 kg kwitoni amalahle owomileyo nganye.

Coal tar ikwavumela ukufumana benzene. Technology apha embhoxo indlela esiqhutywa ukufumana benzene evela coke igesi oveni. Inyaniso kukuba, oko kukodwa amalahle tar - imbaxa kunokuba kwicandelo ukubunjwa umxube iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-oganikhi khompawundi enuka kamnandi. Ngaphezu koko, nanamhlanje, ukwakhiwa umchiza akukaqondwa kakuhle, kwaye kanjalo ubukho abangaphezu kwama-500 (!) Components. technology Iqhubekekisa yinkqubo kwinqanaba-ezimbini yokuzahlula intlaka ibe ngamaqhezu ezahlukeneyo. Ukulungiselela le njongo ngamnye kubo phantsi kwi intshukumo isimaphambili se alkalis lokususa inxalenye asidi. Le eziqinileyo kuphumela kwasekwa - anthracene kunye naphthalene, kwakunye ukukhanya, nto leyo ifakiwe ekwakhiweni kunye benzene.

Ishishini naa ekufumaneni benzene ngendlela ekrwada, ebizwa njalo-benzene ekrwada. Ukuze ufumane compound ecocekileyo, benzene crude kufuneka zihlanjwe ukusuka iikhompawundi nesalfure. Kule nkqubo ukwahlula nezigaba ezibini. I lokuqala lwenzeka Ukususwa eyiyo ukungcola sulphur, kwaye umxube ezahlulwe yesibini nyulu ulwelo. Enye imveliso osahluleyo iya kuba benzene.

Lo mthombo enkulu aromatics ezahlukeneyo yi petroleum. Kungenxa yoko le nto benzenes imveliso mihla swi le mveliso.

Nebenzene eyedwa kwakhona ukusuka iasithilini. Le izinto phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo yigesi, oko enemibala emihle, ezingenakunyibilika ngokoqobo emanzini, Ikhaphukhaphu komoya. Phakathi iimpawu eekhemikhali igesi ubuchule polymerize, yaye ke ngoko esetyenziswa kwishishini ngenxa ukuvelisa benzene evela iasithilini. Le ndlela athembisayo ngokwembono ekudaleni nokugcina iimeko kuba basabela imichiza. Inyaniso yokuba iasithilini, kukodwa, Uyadubula kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kushishino kubandakanya imfuneko ukuthobela ingqeqesho zobugcisa engqongqo kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa, ngakumbi ubushushu ezingatshiyo. Ngelo xesha, phambi kokuba afumane iasithilini ukusuka benzene, ukuphumeza ubushushu obaneleyo 400 C kwaye uyibambe kuyo phambi mifanekiso. Le ndlela yaphakanyiswa yi yemichiza yaseFransi M. Berthelot ngo-1866, nangona kunjalo, isivuno into leyo iphantsi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, technology namhlanje yeyona ukusetyenziswa kwezi iintlobo ngeentlobo ehlanganisa kunye nokukhawulezisa indlela nokunyusa isivuno benzene ecocekileyo.

Phantsi kweemeko laboratory, benzene ngokuqhelekileyo enaningenzelwanga, kodwa ukuba kunjalo kufuneka kuphakama, indlela alloying usebenzisa i benzoic acid kunye kwealkali. Isiphumo sale ukusabela benzene.