Le aorta, amasebe aortic: incazelo neefoto

Aorta - isitya likhulu umzimba womntu ezisa igazi ukusuka ventricle ekhohlo kwaye isiqalo kwegazi.

Le aorta ichonge amasebe:

• phezulu (pars ascendens aortae) bahlukana;
• Ingalo kunye namasebe Arch aortic;
• phansi (pars descendens aortae) isebe, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, yahlulwe thoracic kunye esiswini.

arch Aortic hlahla

1. amasebe Truncus brachiocephalicus ukusuka arch aortic ukuya intlala kumngcipheko 2 ekunene. Xa phambi kwakhe lo brachiocephalic ekunene eVienna, ngasemva - uqhoqhoqho. Emva wokuqhuba brachiocephalic buti iya phezulu kwaye nasekhohlo, ngokunika kufuphi ilungelo joint sternoclavicular amasebe amabini: subclavian kunye nelungelo carotid eqhelekileyo ilungelo umthambo.
2. carotid Common umfula (ekhohlo) - enye amasebe Arch aortic. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli sebe Kukude eqhelekileyo umfula carotid ekunene 20-25 iimilimitha. Umthambo umendo ebaleka emva scapula, sublingual kwaye sternoclavicular-mastoid izihlunu, ngoko phezulu iinkqubo ezinqamlezayo ngayo amalungu omqolo wesibeleko. Ngaphandle isitya kukho i-luvo vagus kwaye jugular (ngaphakathi) Vienna, ilale medially ukusuka kuvuleke iminxunya, uqhoqhoqho, pharynx, kwingqula, lengqula kunye ingaba parathyroid. Le ndawo lengqula intlala (isahlulo eliphezulu) ngamnye kwemithambo carotid eqhelekileyo unika imithambo lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle carotid ukuba babe ngobubanzi malunga ngokulinganayo. Indawo call division Umthambo bifurcation, ngeli xesha nayo kulele glomerulus intercarotid (umzimba sleepy chromaffin, carotid intsimbi) - izakhiwo yokwakheka kunye nemilinganiselo 1.5 x 2.5 mm, nto leyo inesixhobo ezininzi chemoreceptors kunye network capillary. Kwingingqi yokumpompoza engaphandle kwemithambo carotid kukho ulwandiso encinane, ekuthiwa carotid sinus.
3. carotid kwemithambo yangaphandle yenye kwamasebe amabini terminal eqhelekileyo umfula carotid. amasebe Yicime ukusuka yokugqibela kwindawo sleepy lo nxantathu (kwikona eliphezulu intlala lengqula). Ekuqaleni, ukuba ibekwe medial nje kwemithambo carotid lwangaphakathi, kwaye ke zibe kuyo. Ukuqala carotid kwemithambo yangaphandle Ibutha phantsi esihlunwini sternocleidomastoid, yaye indawo somnolence triangle - umsipha ongama intamo kunye ifascia wesibeleko (ipleyiti kumphezulu wayo). Endaweni medially ukusuka digastric (isisu yayo ngomva) kunye stylohyoid, carotid (elingaphandle) Umthambo kummandla entanyeni mandibula (lokucinga nobubovu parotid) yahlulwe yaba iperi bamasebe terminal: i maxillary kunye kwemithambo phezulu temporal. Ngaphezu koko, xa ikhondo sayo imithambo carotid simenza eziliqela kwamasebe; iqela ngaphambili - ngaphambili, ngaphezulu kwaye zeelwimi lengqula kwemithambo, ngomva iqela - indlebe ngomva, Occipital kunye Umthambo clavisternomastoid kwaye kudlulela phakathi inyuka pharyngeal umthambo.

Amasebe aorta thoracic

Le ceke, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, yinxalenye aorta ukwehla. Le ibekwe kwi mediastinum ngomva, ucanda kwikholam spinal. Amasebe aorta thoracic zinikwa ngamaqela amabini: Parietal kunye visceral (visceral).

amasebe visceral

amasebe Visceral le aorta zimelwe maqela alandelayo:

1. amasebe inyumoniya (iziqwenga 2-4). Ukususela eludongeni phambi aorta kummandla kwisebe kwemithambo intercostal wesithathu. intrabronchial network emithanjeni wambumba Engena emasangweni zombini imiphunga, nokuhambisa bronchi, nokuqina izicwili ukwakhiwa (isakhelo) kwemiphunga, emphinjeni, lo pericardium, neempahla udonga pulmonary (imithambo yegazi). Xa ijwabu lung amasebe inyumoniya ukwakha anastomoses kunye amasebe kwemithambo miphungeni.
2. amasebe Esophageal (iziqwenga 3-4). Ngaba malunga 1.5 dyne cm, kwaye kunqunyanyiswa iindonga kuvuleke iminxunya (kwicandelo lakhe thoracic). La masebe ukuqala ukusuka aorta thoracic kummandla 4-8 omqolo thoracic. Anastomoses enabo eliphezulu, ezisezantsi neziphezulu lengqula diaphragmatic, yegazi mediastinal, kwakunye kwemithambo ekhohlo yenhliziyo kwentliziyo.
3. amasebe Mediastinal (mediastinal) anokuba iindidi yokuhlala, impermanent. Ngokufuthi njengenxenye amasebe pericardial. Blood unikezelo ifayibha lwenziwe, kunye nkovu mediastinal kwamiliselwa iiprojekthi udonga (ngasemva) pericardium diff. Ifomu anastomoses kunye namasebe ngasentla.
4. amasebe Pericardial (iziqwenga 1-2), obhityileyo kunye elifutshane. isebe Aortic off ukusuka eludongeni ngaphambili, pericardium krovosnabzhaya (emqolo). Ifomu anastomoses kunye imithambo mediastinal kunye esophageal.

amasebe Parietal

1. Diaphragmatic kwimithambo eliphezulu elandisiweyo ukususela kwegazi aortic luyenziwa pleura kunye icandelo empontshwa le aorta. United e anastomoses kunye diaphragmatic ntsi iindawo thoracic lwangaphakathi kunye imithambo asezantsi intercostal.
2. imithambo Intercostal diff (10 ngababini) isetyana ukusuka eludongeni aortic nangasemva bamlandela izithuba intercostal 3-11. Laba wokugqibela kunabela phantsi ubambo 12 (ngamanye amazwi, subcostal) kwaye engena anastomosis ngamasebe empontshwa yodidi oluphezulu. Isithuba intercostal yokuqala neyesibini ukunika kwemithambo subclavian. Intercostal Umthambo lungelo kancinci ixesha elide ngaphezu ekhohlo uye phantsi pleura costal de iikona, izithuthi posteriorly le mediastinum ngomva, edlula ngeenxa zonke iindawo phambi imizimba vertebral. Xa iintloko ubambo kwemithambo intercostal zimke amasebe amanakani kwizihlunu eluswini umva, ukuya umnqonqo (kubandakanywa esingxotyeni salo) kunye umqolo. Ukususela ubambo angles imithambo ephakathi izihlunu intercostal lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle, walala phantsi emseleni costal. Kwemithambo kwisithuba 8 intercostal kwaye ngezantsi ilale phantsi komphetho ochaphazelekayo, isebe ngokwamasebe osecaleni kwizihlunu eluswini izabelo osecaleni esifubeni sakho, yaye emva kokusekwa anastomoses kunye amasebe cipande intercostal le thoracic kwemithambo (ngaphakathi). 4-6 amasebe Umthambo intercostal ukunika ibele. imithambo Intercostal nikeza igazi esifubeni eliphezulu, ezintathu ephantsi - uvalo kunye nodonga esiswini (ngaphambili). Umthambo lwesithathu ekunene intercostal ithumela isetyana ohamba bronchus elungileyo, yaye ukusuka 1-5 x imithambo intercostal ukwandisa amasebe ukuba unikezele igazi ukuya bronchus ngasekhohlo. 3-6 th intercostal Umthambo kunokubangela imithambo esophageal.

amasebe aorta esiswini

ingxenye besisu le aorta - ukuqhubeka esifubeni inxalenye yakhe. Iqala ukusuka kwinqanaba vertebra thoracic 12, ucanda ukuvulwa aortic diaphragmatic kwaye iphela kummandla we-4 vertebra empontshwa. isebe besisu ibekwe phambi kwe amathambo empontshwa, kancinci ukuya ekhohlo umgca udibaniso, kuba retroperitoneal. Ukuba ilungelo lakhe kukho umngxuma (okanye ezantsi) eVienna, phambi - zepancreas, abangakwaziyo tyaba le duodenum kwaye ingcambu amancinci emathunjini mesenteric.

amasebe Parietal

Bekela bucala ezilandelayo amasebe Parietal le aorta esiswini:

1. Umthambo Diaphragmatic elisezantsi (ekunene kwaye ekhohlo) isetyana ukusuka aorta esiswini emva ukuphuma kwayo ukusuka orifice aortic kwaye phrenic ulandele uvalo (-moya ezantsi) kude phezulu kwaye macala.
2. Imithambo empontshwa (iziqwenga 4) ukususela ekuqaleni aorta 4 kummandla eliphezulu empontshwa omqolo igazi ubonelelo kumphezulu anterolateral esiswini, umnqonqo, nolusezantsi umva.
3. Umthambo namaMedi, sacral imka ukususela aorta kummandla sesahlulo lwayo kwemithambo iliac eqhelekileyo (5 empontshwa omqolo) ilandela inxalenye zangasese le sacrum, krovosnabzhaya coccyx, sacrum kunye m. iliopsoas.

amasebe visceral

Bekela bucala ezilandelayo amasebe visceral le aorta esiswini:

1. Celiac umboko evela aorta kummandla we-12 thoracic okanye omqolo empontshwa 1, diaphragmatic phakathi kwemilenze embilwini. Kuthelekelelwe kwi udibaniso ezantsi ukusuka kwinkqubo xiphoid (encopho yayo) umgca. Kummandla umzimba buti nepancreas celiac unika amasebe amathathu: washiya esiswini, hepatic kunye Umthambo splenic eqhelekileyo. Truncus coeliacus singqongwe amasebe plexus solar wayisithelisa phambi peritoneum Parietal.
2. Adrenal kwimithambo avareji umphunga, amahlamvu ukusuka aorta ngezantsi nje buti celiac ukunikezela ingaba adrenal.
3. amasebe Umthambo Upper mesenteric ngaphandle aorta kummandla lo vertebra 1 empontshwa, ngomva ukuya pancreas. Ngoko ke sidlula duodenum (komhlaba ngaphambili) kwaye ithumela amasebe ukuya duodenum nepancreas, emva iingcambu phakathi sheets emathunjini amancinci mesenteric, unika amasebe esicekethekileyo perfusion kunye colon (ngasekunene) amathumbu.
4. imithambo sezintso sivela empontshwa vertebra 1. Ezi imithambo ezinokubangela imithambo asezantsi adrenal.
5. Umthambo Ovarian (amasende) yandisa ngezantsi nje imithambo sezintso. Bedlula ngomva ukuya peritoneum Parietal, niwele ureters, kwaye emva kokuba lwangaphandle iliac kwemithambo. Kwabasetyhini, Umthambo ovarian ngokusebenzisa lungu elo Kumiswe yamaqanda, zithunyelwa tubes kunye amaqanda, kunye namadoda - xa inxalenye intambo spermatic ngokusebenzisa emjelweni inguinal ukuya amasende.
6. Umthambo amasebe mesenteric enasilela wesithathu esezantsi aorta esiswini kummandla 3 vertebra empontshwa. Le kwemithambo umnika colon (inxalenye ekhohlo).

yamafutha le aorta

Yegazi lo aorta kunye namasebe ayo - a ngezifo ukuba luphawulwa ukukhula umonakalo kwi sayo semithambo, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kukhokelela licuthe le mithambo kwaye ukuyilwa egazi.

ngezifo engundoqo i ukungalingani umlinganiselo amaqhekeza lipid, ekuyeni ungeniselo cholesterol, efakwe njengoko umonakalo le aorta kunye namasebe aortic.

mandundu ziquka ukutshaya, isifo seswekile, ufuzo, ukungazilolongi.

kubonakaliswa ngenxa yamafutha

Lidla yamafutha lwenzeka ngaphandle iimpawu ezicacileyo, nto leyo ngenxa yobukhulu enkulu aorta (kwakunye namasebe, amasebe aorta), uphuhliso izihlunu kunye imicu elastic. Ukukhula neplaque kukhokelela sithwalisa wentliziyo, esizibonakalisa kunye yokwanda nengcinezelo, ukudinwa, iyangongoza intliziyo.

Ekubeni phambili yenkqubo sifo kudlulela namasebe aortic arch esezansi kunye namacandelo umfula, kuquka imithambo ukuba sikhule intliziyo. Kulo mzekelo, uthi ugagane nezi mpawu zilandelayo: sifuba angina (iintlungu esifubeni awandibabala kwi igxalaba okanye ngengalo, ukuphelelwa umoya), esiswini nokusebenza kwezintso, uxinzelelo lwegazi siphinda-, kwiziphelo ezibandayo, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu, rhoqo niphele, ubuthathaka ezingalweni.