Galapagos Islands: uhambo oluya ekhoneni elimangalisayo lomhlaba

Iifudu ezinkulu, zihamba ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwendlela yokwenza i-lava, iguana ihamba ngokunyanzela elwandle, igxininisa ngokupheleleyo ukungabikho kwemvelo yamazwe abo. Iimpawu zasendle zasolungelelwaniso zatshintsha kakhulu uCharles Darwin xa efika kwiiGalapagos Islands ngo-1835 kwaye, mhlawumbi, ngokubanzi wamphefumlela ukuba athole inkqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngokusebenzisa ukhetho lwendalo.

Ngelishwa, namhlanje ukungcola kwabo, ukudibanisa, ukuphuhliswa kwezibonelelo kukuchasene kakhulu neenzame ezijoliswe ekulondolozeni izilwanyana zasendle, iindawo zokuhlala zityalo kunye nezilwane. Ukuqhubela phambili kwezokhenketho kuyaqhubeka, inani leendwendwe likhula minyaka yonke, kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo inani labo liphindwe kathathu. Kodwa nangona oku akuyona ingxaki enkulu. Galapagos Islands Yaye amanzi ajikelezileyo, aphantsi kwamacala omabini e-Equator oLwandle lwePacific, ngasentshonalanga yelizwekazi lase-Ecuador apho ayingxenye, aphantsi kolawulo lwepaki kazwelonke kunye ne-biological reserve reserve. Nangona kunjalo, abantu kwiminyaka emininzi bengabandakanyekanga okanye ngenjongo yokuvelisa iifom zobomi ezingenakunokuthi zingonakalise umgangatho wendalo. Ngokutsho kweCharles Darwin Foundation, malunga neentlobo ezingaba ngu-750 zezityalo kunye neenambuzane ezingama-490. Iingcali zenzululwazi zixwayisa ukuba umonakalo ungenakuguquka.

Iziqithi zaseGalapagos , eziyiziqendu zeentaba-mlilo, zaqala ukuvela ukusuka elwandle malunga nezigidi ezilwanyana kwiminyaka edlulileyo ngenxa yesenzo se-tectonic. Intsha yakutshanje, egama linguIsabela noFernandina, isabumba, ukuqhutyelwa kwangoko kwintaba-mlilo kwabhalwa ngo-2009. Iintlanzi kunye nezilwanyana kwi "ziqithi ezinjengeenkcukacha", njengoko abatyeleli bebizayo, ziphantse ziyingqayizivele, azinakufumaneka kwenye indawo. Izilwanyana kunye nezityalo zavela apha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa izibhamu. AmaFotchocks kunye nama-mockingbirds athathwe kwikhondo labo eliqhelekileyo ngeziphepho, isityalo esineziqhamo ze-scalesia saza apha ngokuthwala imbewu ngomoya.

I-archipelago ineziqithi ezinkulu ezilishumi elinesithathu (indawo yeekhilomitha ezili-10 eziqhelekileyo), ephakathi ezintlanu (kunye nommandla wendawo enye ukuya kweekhilomitha ezili-1,6) kunye ne-215 ezincinci, kunye ne-rock outcrops (ezili-mitha ezili-square). Bahlukana omnye nomnye ngamanxweme ngamanzi angqongileyo kunye nemigudu eqinile, ngoko ukuzodwa kwezityalo kunye nezilwanyana kubanjwe kuwo, ukungakwazi ukunqumla iintlobo zezilwanyana eziza kubakho. Abemi abemi kufuneka bavumelane neemeko zendlu entsha.

Iziqithi zaseGalapagos zingenye yeendawo ezimbalwa kwihlabathi apho kungekho nzala yabantu. Namhlanje, ngokweengqungquthela ezahlukeneyo, abantu abangaphezu kwama-25,000 bahlala eBalti, iIsabela, i-Floreana, iSan Cristobal neSanta Cruz. Ulwimi oluphambili luSpeyin. Iqela elincinci lenkcubeko liququzelelwe yi-Ecuadorian Métis. Ziyinzala yama-coloni aseSpain kunye namaNdiya asekuhlaleni, afika apho ikakhulu kwikhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo ukusuka kwilizwekazi lase-Ecuador. Kukho abantu abamhlophe apha, ikakhulukazi bevela eSpain. Ezinye inzala yabakholoni bokuqala baseYurophu naseMelika basaphila kwiziqithi.

Kuze kube ngo-1965, kuphela kwinqanawa yangasese okanye edibeneyo kunokuya ku-Galapagos. Ukutyelela kwaqala ukulungiswa ukususela ngo-Apreli 1969, ngexesha elifanayo kwisiqithi saseSanta Cruz, ihotele yokuqala yeHlabathi uNelson yasungulwa (isaphila kwaye ikhona kufuphi neCharles Darwin, kodwa ngoku ivalwe ukulungiswa). Abalobi basekuhlaleni baqala kuqala Ukuloba iinqanawa zabo ukuthutha abantu. Kwakukho iinkampani zenkampani yokukhenketha ezithumela ii-yachts zazo apho. Ziye zaba ziindawo eziphambili zeendwendwe zokuhlala, ngamanye amazwi, amahotele amancinci emanzini. Namhlanje kukho malunga nama-yachts angama-85 kunye neempahla ezixhotywe kwizindlu zokunethezeka. Into yodwa, urhulumente unqanda inani labantu abahlala kulowo nalowo (ukusuka kwi-16 ukuya kwi-100 abantu, kungekhona ngaphezulu).

Namhlanje, iIlifagos Islands, ezinezithombe ezivuselela umnqweno wokuya ekhoneni elimangalisayo leplanethi yethu, zinamahhotela amaninzi asemhlabeni aseSan Cristobal, eSanta Cruz, eFloreana nase-Isabela.