"Jasmine Revolution". Ngubani owaqala i "Jasmine Revolution"? Apho "Jasmine Revolution"? Kukweliphi ilizwe?

"Jasmine Revolution" libhekisela ebizwa ngokuba "neziphithiphithi umbala". Ntoni eli binzana? Uguqulelo echanekileyo yale meko ibizwa ngokuba isenzo ubunzima nenkcaso, nto leyo kukhokelela yokutshintsha karhulumente. Ngaphandle yonke iminyaka ubukho bezi babhukuqwa, ilawulwa kwaye ahlawulwa evela ngaphandle, ngaba kwizidubedube anti-urhulumente China ngo-1989, eyaziwa ngokuba "Tiananmen." I-revolution akazange athathe indawo. Zonke ezinye ukuvukelwa ziye "yimpumelelo enkulu".

Undoqo yeenguqu umbala

kuba njani ukuba akulungile ukubiza ezi kuhlukunyezwa, eneneni, bazizo US kunye neprojekthi UK ukubhukuqa urhulumente esemthethweni lalisakuba yiSoviet Union, amazwe Warsaw Pact kunye namazwe ehlabathini wesithathu, ezibandakanya amazwe e-Afrika, Asia, Latin America kunye noMbindi Mpuma. Eyokuqala ngokukhethekileyo "color" revolution kwenzeka eLisbon ngo-1974 waza wabizwa ngokuba "Carnation Revolution". Oku kwalandelwa 'revolution etyheli "kwiiPhilippines, lwenzeka ngo-1989. Yaye ngoko into nje imibala nembeko nasiphi na isityalo esibizwa nje kuphela ihlawulwe ngaphandle iziganeko wegazi, wathi njengoko i "okufunwa ngabantu ..."

osobennorsti boqobo

"Jasmine Revolution" esenzeka Tunisia ngokwamanqanaba amabini, ebidlalwe - ingakumbi inxalenye yesibini yalo - bonke babe izinqumo yamandulo. Ezi, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ibhengeze njengotshintsho "kwegazi" ngamandla, nto leyo usoloko owayebonakala nguzwilakhe okanye ulawulo ngegqudu. Endaweni yazo kuza, Kakade ke, idemokhrasi. Eyona nto iphawulekayo yeenguqu umbala kokuba uqalile okanye ipoti ye-mali ezahlukeneyo kunye neminye imibutho, kuquka nonozakuzaku, uxhasa i "nabavukeli". Ezi ziganeko njalo aqala iindibano 'zoxolo' abantu abacinezelekileyo kwiindawo zembutho, uninzi engundoqo, kangangokuba apho lizwe kamva sigutyungelwe ezikhumbuzo amaxhoba ezi kuphazamiseka.

iimpawu zokuqala

"Jasmine Revolution", wayexakekile. Igama wanika intyatyambo, nto leyo uphawu lwesizwe beli lizwe - jasmine. Inyathelo lokuqala yaba shift kwegazi we-7 Novemba 1987 Habiba Burgiba - umongameli wokuqala weRiphabliki Tunisia. Ngenxa yoko, kwaba amandla onikwe kwiiveki ezi-6 kuphela ngaphambi koko, iNkulumbuso uZine El Abidine Ben Ali. Waba ngumongameli ngokusisigxina, yaye oku kwaba sesinye sezizathu eziphambili ezibangela ukuba kwisigaba sesibini, okanye "jasmine yesibini revolution 'ezenzeka ekuqaleni (Januwari-Februwari) 2011.

yesiqalo

Yonke i "neziphithiphithi umbala" nangona singobani ngokupheleleyo iindlela kunye maxesha lweziganeko inokuba izizathu ezahlukeneyo ukunganeliseki kunye zikhabane ngamnye yabemi ngamandla ekhoyo kunye nesiqalo apho, enyanisweni, qala noqhankqalazo. "Jasmine Revolution" (sesibini isigaba) yaqala isenzo self-bazibulala ezenziwa kwidolophu Sidi Bouzid (central Tunisia) imifuno zabarhwebi, nguMohamed Bouazizi oneminyaka eli-26 ubudala, umnini isidanga eyunivesithi. Lo mthetho a bakwazi December 17, Januwari 4, Bouazizi wafa entolongweni kane olubanzi. Yena ayekhalazela nalwazelelelo kwamapolisa kunye nentlupheko. EMgungundlovu athatha iimpahla ngokupheleleyo, kwaye phambi koko kakubi ngurhulumente kwaye hit kumthengisi. Hayi ke, kamva entolongweni, yena ecaleni ngenxa yokungabikho kobungqina. "Jasmine Revolution" kweli lizwe yaqala ukususela ekudalweni ukufa Bouazizi.

ubhedu Ngempela kwegazi

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba phawu beli lizwe, ibekwe kumntla Afrika, iqondo eliphezulu lemfundo, yaye ephantsi kakhulu ngaphantsi uMongameli wokuqala nazo urhwaphilizo. Kodwa ngexesha zokususa umongameli ubomi ofisi Habib Bourguiba owawuyiyo kwiminyaka 84, nto leyo ilungelo lomgaqo-siseko yebhongo Ben Ali ukwenza kombuso ngaphandle kwegazi, ebhekisela inqaku 57 ( "ngenxa yezizathu zempilo"), umthetho olusisiseko lizwe.

Oku sisiqalo esihle

Ebudeni bolawulo Ben Ali, ngokutsho UN, babeba ulwando oluphindwe-10 kwingeniso yesizwe ngamnye siwile-14 ukuya 3.8% yenani labantu ngaphantsi kweqondo lentlupheko, ilizwe usiwe kwi WTO. Ngenxa ubomi obutsha (ukususela ngo-2003) umongameli yaqalisa inkqubo entsha Ukukhanya - ziziqinisekiso umthetho efunekayo ukuze ufumane yonke imfundo aphakamileyo Tunisian. abantu 9 million kweli lizwe izikolo 5000, ngoxa udidi eliphakathi 60% inqanaba yabantu Tunisian. Kutheni "Jasmine Revolution" wawuqala kula manani? Eli lizwe ngo-2010 waba GDP lingana 39, 6 billion euro. Kodwa ke xa umrhwebi enza samopodzhog Bouazizi.

Intanethi kwinkonzo abaququzeleli "yeenguqu umbala"

Ibali wafumana ebanzi ngundaba Bulelani kwi Internet, kwaye ngoku kuvela ukuba kweli lizwe kukho inani elikhulu labantu abatsha abafundileyo abaphangeli, kukho ukunyuka enkulu, yaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kwiphondo ukonakala ngokudlul. Ulwazi malunga tofotofo olubiyele kunye nosapho kamongameli kaThixo ngokwakhe, waba kawonke - bothuka ngabantu abaqhelekileyo. Kakhulu "Jasmine Revolution" baqala, wathabatha umfazi wesibini Leila Trabelsi President, sibonga ngalo norhwaphilizo lizwe yachuma.

Hayi zaqalwa revolution

Emva kokufa umrhwebi mfana imifuno owaphumelela lithemba wazithabathela ezitratweni, amawaka abantu, kuqala e Sidi Bouzid, kwaye ke lonke ilizwe, ngokuba urhulumente zicinezelwa kakhulu ngezenzo yokuqala - kwakukho zininzi iingxwelerha aziwisileyo; ababini wabulawa amanxeba yakhe esibhedlele. iimfuno zoqoqosho ukutshintsha yezopolitiko. Ngoku, kwimilo kunye namapolisa kwabulawa abantu abangama-50 ehlabathini ndawo iphambili. "Jasmine Revolution" e-Tunisia wazuza amandla. Kwaye, nangona cwaka iziganeko central TV, kubulelwe Internet labemi wayesazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenyani. Kwaye xa umongameli wanikela idilesi nesinye uhlanga, ebabeke ngedinga ukudala imisebenzi 300,000, akusekho weva.

Ukusuka uthando kukuthiya

Ngaba ukunceda ukukhulula isithembiso bonke abo ubanjiwe ngenxa ezidubedube kunye usuka isithuba wezasekhaya ngumlungiseleli Rafika Belhadzha Kacem. Ayizange ayeke ukuqaliswa ubunzima ixesha kunye nomkhosi nakwiiyunithi lokuthobela. Sesikwenzile "Ukufa ku Ben Ali!" Ingaba ikhula. Kwadlula iiveki ngaphantsi kwe ezimbini ukuya umongameli, owayelawula ilizwe iminyaka engama-23, yaphinda yonyulwa kwisithuba izihlandlo ezi-5 kunye index 99% yenkxaso labantu, ngokukhawuleza wanyamalala Tunisia kunye nentsapho yakhe. NgoJanuwari 14 at 17:00, kwabhengezwa ukuba uZine El Abidine Ben Ali ubalekile kweli lizwe. Amandla ocande ezandleni emkhosini.

Zonke ngenxa kunye nesimo esifanayo

Loo mlawuli offset ixesha osemthethweni kukhokelela kwezinye izibhengezo yintoni na eneneni "UJasmine Revolution", owaqalisa yaye baqhubeka ukuba akhokele amanyathelo isenzeka. Ewe, kunye neziganeko ezilandelayo ushiye Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba spontaneity yenkitha yokuziphatha encinane ekhona ngokoqobo, yaye yintoni eyenzekayo zifana elungileyo kakhulu kwaye inyathelo pre-ezicwangcisiweyo. sihlwele Angry ayizange ivumelane. Mohammed al-Hanus, owayesakuba inkulumbuso yaye ekugqibeleni gameli, wathembisa abantu inguqu ezinamendu lwentando yesininzi. Kodwa njengoko iqela aqale ukwenza imigulukudu amatutu. Labemi njengempendulo kwiikomiti abantu bakaThixo zidalwe. Oliliso, iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko, ekugqibeleni anqunyulwe onke amagunya basinda nomongameli kunye nenkulumbuso al-Hanus.

chaos elawulwa

ulawulo karhulumente okwethutyana nje ocande ezandleni isithethi Fuada Al-Mobzaa. Ndimiselwe nokukhethwa umongameli omtsha, kufuneka ahambe iintsuku 60. Ibambela umongameli eyalela zonke efanayo al-Hanus ukudala borhulumente womanyano lwesizwe. Wathi ukuxolelwa ngenxa onke amabanjwa ezopolitiko, wavumela iqela wavalwa ngaphambili. Kakade ke, ukuqala uphando ngokunxulumene urhwaphilizo abameli karhulumente wangaphambili. A yenza ukuba isigqibo namnye ngaphandle owayesakuba yinkulumbuso. Yaye "Jasmine Revolution" kuqhubeka kwakhona. Kwilizwe apho ukuba kukho Njengokungeniswa onjalo phambili umzabalazo kunye norhwaphilizo wolawulo zangaphambili na abo negalelo achumileyo yayo?

Enye ngenyanga Prime lutshele esihlalweni sakhe

Kwizitrato kwikomkhulu Tunisian, demonstrators kwakhona ukuba iimfuno nokususwa amandla bonke abo ikati leliya lizwe phantsi kolawulo wangaphambili. Eyona inkulu zemanyano yabasebenzi ithi ukuba baqaphele urhulumente interim yenguqu. Kwaye konke oku kwenzeka kwiveki yokuqala emva kokuba ukubhabha nguMongameli. Januwari 23 uqalisa esinye elinoxolo, kodwa ngoku ubusuku, kunye amakhandlela, libonisa ukuba kusasa iba kalweni ubunzima kunye besaphula of iifestile kwizakhiwo zikarhulumente, ovuthayo iimoto kunye nezinye izabelo zemveli uqhankqalazo "ezizenzekelayo" abemi. Imiboniso bafuna yokurhoxa al-Hanus ukufumana amandla, kwaye sele ngoFebruwari kwizitrato 25 aphume ezingaphezu kwe-100 amawaka abantu. 27 amanani yena ibhatyi.

Iziphumo ye revolution

Prime Minister Beji uba Quaid-Essebsi, naye owayesakuba ngumphathiswa. Ngokutsho UN, "Jasmine Revolution" zixabisa lizwe kowethu 1.6 billion, eli lizwe uye walahlekelwa wabulala abantu 219, kwalimala 510. Emva kwakhe ngathi uchulumanco salalisa amanye amazwe ekufutshane - ezi ziganeko zibizwa ngokuba "Spring Arab" .tak into enyanisweni iba "jasmine revolution", apho ukoyisa kwakhe? Ngokutsho kweengcali, ezindleko noqoqosho onke amazwe bachatshazelwa "yasentwasahlobo Arab", ifikelele kwi-225 ezigidi zeerandi. Ngqo ukusuka Tunisians, kodwa ikratshi, ukuba "baba ngabokuqala," akukho impumelelo. Kwaye, ngokwendlela ukulandela ngokutsha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwinkalo kule ngingqi, sinako ngokukhuselekileyo sithethe isenzo esicwangciswe kakuhle, phantsi ngesebe lokunikela "i evele ubunzima inyathelo nxamnye ulawulo yileyo."

Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba oyena nobangela kwezi ziganeko yaba umzabalazo iinkalo yempembelelo phakathi Anglo-amaSaxons kunye China endle zokukhokhela hydrocarbon - oyile negesi.