Izizathu ayehlasela imikhosi US e-Iraq. Ingxelo ye US ngamajoni, iilahleko e Iraq

Imfazwe e-Iraq iye yaba yenye ngquzulwano ezinkulu abaxhobileyo kwenkulungwane yokuqala xxi. Noko ke, imiqathango kunye izenzakalo imfazwe ubukhulu becala kuhlala ingaziwa. Makhe ekucazululeni le tangle ezo ziganeko. Ngoko ke, fumanisa ukuba yintoni isizathu sokuba US ukuhlaselwa Iraq nendlela le usebenze kanzima senzeka.

prehistory

Ukuze uqale ngena encinane prehistory kwembambano.

Saddam Hussein waba ngumongameli of Iraq ngo-1979, nangona eneneni buzinze ezandleni zabo ulawulo lizwe elide phambi kokuba elikulomsonto. amandla awo sokuba ngokulinganayo. Akukho umba obalulekileyo kweli lizwe ayikwazanga ingalungiswa ngaphandle kwemvume nguMongameli. Ngokuchasene inkcaso kunye naba neenkani Kurds ngamaxesha Hussein wasebenzisa ingcinezelo yaye sentuthumbo, Ndisathetha ntoni na, naye wavuma esidlangalaleni. Ukongeza, Iraq waqalisa ukuba ihlelo lobuntu Hussein.

Sele 1980, umkhosi Iraqi baqalisa ayehlasela kwiphondo Iranian ka Khuzestan, likhululwe, ngoko imfazwe Iran-Iraq. Kuyabonakala ukuba kule mfazwe, zombini i-United States kunye Soviet Union inkxaso Hussein. Kodwa ekugqibeleni kwemfazwe ngowe-1988, nto, kuba, njengoko imeko isivumelwano soxolo, la mazwe mabini ulifezile imeko.

adventure New Saddam Hussein yaqala ngo-1990, xa ukuhlaselwa Kuwait kwaye ezihlonyelwe njengento liphondo Iraq. Ngeli xesha, zombini i-US kunye USSR yakugxeka izenzo ngumongameli Iraqi. Ngaphezu koko, eUnited States, ngenkxaso eZizwe eziManyeneyo aye wabumba mdibaniso ngamazwe wamajoni amelene Hussein. yaqala Ngoko ke imfazwe yokuqala e-Iraq, okanye njengoko kubhaliwe ingabizwa ngokwahlukileyo, i-Gulf War. A umfelandawonye kwiintsuku zokuqala longquzulwano waba luncedo kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba ukusebenzisa Aviation mihla.

Yaba umsebenzi ibalaseleyo namahlakani US-ekhokelwa. Iilahleko ngu mfelandawonye e Iraq abantu ngaphantsi kwama-500, ngelixa inani labantu abafa umkhosi Iraq lifikelele amashumi amawaka. Ekugqibeleni, Hussein woyiswa, kwanyanzeleka ukuba akhulule Kuwait, kakhulu ukunciphisa umkhosi. Ukongeza, eli lizwe babeyibekile iqela ezinye izohlwayo eyayiza kufuneka ukuze buthathaka semkhosini Iraq.

Phantse yonke i-imi- 90 lwekhulu XX, longquzulwano abagxothwa phakathi Iraq kunye United States ukhula. AmaMelika rhoqo umtyholwa Hussein ekusetyenzisweni zocindezelo ngokuchasene inkcaso, ngokunjalo phambi isixhobo akuvumelekanga. Ingakumbi imeko mandundu emva Hussein ngo-1998, wagxothwa esweni UN ezazifanele ukuba ukuqinisekisa ukuba Iraq alibonakali nezixhobo zokubulala abantu abaninzi. Ihlabathi wema phezu elunxwemeni imfazwe entsha.

Imvelaphi kunye nezizathu imfazwe

Ngoku thatha sihlolisise, yintoni isizathu yaba US ukuhlaselwa Iraq.

Esona sizathu siphambili ayehlasela American of Iraq yaba nomnqweno US ukuqinisekisa ukubalasela yayo kule ngingqi. Nangona kunjalo, kakhulu mhlawumbi, ukuba izangqa sigqibo Boyika ukuba Hussein ngokwenene ekuphuhliseni nezixhobo zokubulala abantu abaninzi, nto leyo kukhokela kuquka nxamnye eUnited States, nangona kungekho bungqina yokwenene yale. Noko ke, ezinye iingcali kuluhlu yezizathu ukuba eUnited States baqalisa imisebenzi nxamnye Iraq, ekwabizwa ngokuba intiyo lobuqu US UMongameli George W. Bush ukuya Saddam Hussein.

Eqamba ngokusesikweni ayehlasela kumkhonza njengoko kuboniswe ngoFebruwari 2003, uNobhala US of State Colin Powell kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko UN ubungqina Iraq izixhobo zokubulala abantu abaninzi. Kwathi kanti, inkoliso ubungqina sele babhala.

ukutsala sizana

I US uye wasilela ukwenza ugunyaziso iBhunga lezoKhuseleko ukusebenzisa amandla e-Iraq. Noko ke, le izangqa olawulayo American abayinanzanga waza waqalisa ukulungiselela ayehlasela.

Kwakhona wacela uncedo namahlakani ayo NATO. Kodwa France kunye iJamani akazange ukuxhasa i US ukuhlaselwa Iraq ngaphandle UN ngesohlwayo. Kodwa Great Britain, Poland kunye Australia baye babonisa ukuzimisela kwabo ukuxhasa i US zomkhosi amandla.

Emva kokuba ngokubhukuqwa Hussein ukuba kumiswe mdibaniso ijoyine amanye amazwe: Italy, eNetherlands, Ukraine, eSpeyin, Georgia. A amandla eyahlukileyo wathabatha inxaxheba kwimpixano Turkey 2007-2008.

Inani lilonke nabaphumi mdibaniso unazo ngezizwe ngeenxa 309 lamawaka. Abantu, ngaye 250 000 US amajoni.

Ukuqala lokuhlasela

US usebenze kanzima e-Iraq waqala ngoMatshi 20, 2003. Mu kuya kwa nshita "Desert Storm", eli xesha mdibaniso kuqhutywa umsebenzi umhlaba ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Nkqu ukwala Turkey ukuba ukunika emdeni wayo ukuba uhlaselo akazange amvimbe. US yahlasela Iraq e Kuwait. mfelandawonye ku-Epreli, ngaphandle ukulwa, ahlala Baghdad. Air Force Iraq ngexesha elifanayo ukubonisa ukuhlaselwa lutshaba enyanisweni inxaxheba wayengekho. Isigaba elikhutheleyo lohlaselo sele lugqityiwe emva kokuba kuthinjwe idolophu Tikrit embindini enyangeni leyo.

Ngenxa yoko, indawo ephambili engundoqo Iraq ekupheleni yokusebenza ekhubekisayo lilawulwa womanyano ekhokelwa yi-United States. Iilahleko bengumkhosi Iraq encedisayo ngeli xesha yaba amajoni 172 babulawa yaye 1621 - longxwelerhiweyo. Le imikhosi Iraq exhobileyo ngexesha namahlakani ekhubekisayo ezilahlekileyo abantu abamalunga 10,000 abulawe. Kancinci ezimbalwa ezafa.

Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala yemfazwe, imikhosi US e Iraq, woyisa ukudilika. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba nje kuphela ukumbamba mmandla, kodwa ukwazi ukuba ayigcine de e Iraq akayi kuba onyanisekileyo Amerika kwasekwa urhulumente uya kukwazi ukugcina imeko kweli lizwe phantsi kolawulo.

Le enye ikhosi ndawo ishushu

Emva ngokoyiswa imikhosi karhulumente baqalisa ukulungiselela intshukumo yabanqolobi kweli lizwe. Kwaba ndawonye kuphela emkhosini sinyanisekile Hussein, kodwa abameli amaqela ahlukeneyo Islamist, kuquka ezo kufutshane "Al-Qaeda". ngezigaba angabe kakhulu ezinabantu buzinze ekuthiwa-"Triangle Cartoon", nto leyo iqhele kumntla kwesihloko Iraqi.

Amaqela luqalile watshabalalisa izibonelelo wathwala ukuhlaselwa, wahlasela iiyunithi ngamnye angalawuliyo ekhokelwa USA. Iilahleko bengumkhosi Iraq encedisayo ngeli xesha linyukile. Ubuninzi kwabafileyo abalimele amajoni owangenela kwi sixhobo ngcono Uyadubula.

Ngelo xesha, ekupheleni kuka-2003 kwilali ibanjwa Iraq yathinjwa Saddam Hussein. Ngaphezu kwayo wayeqhuba kwinkundla sigwebo apho uzwilakhe eyayisakuba owabulawa ngowe-2006.

impi yombango

Ngelo xesha, ngo-2005, Iraq ekugqibeleni ukhetho. Emva konyulo Shiites weza ngamandla. Oku kwabangela ukwanda uqhankqalazo phakathi kwabantu Cartoon, leyo ngokukhawuleza yaba into enokuthi kubizwa ngokuba imfazwe yamakhaya.

Ukongeza, amadangatye wathulula mthetho ezahlukeneyo ezenziwe ngamajoni ngamnye imikhosi US okanye iiyunithi nokuba iphela US Army. Iilahleko e Iraq njengoko emkhosini kunye umphakathi, abangama ngaphezulu wakhula nemfazwe yamakhaya ngamandla entsha.

Oku kwabangela ukunganeliseki nje kuphela Iraq, kodwa ngaphakathi kuluntu American. Abemi abaninzi US waqalisa ukuthelekisa umsebenzi elide Iraq kunye eVietnam. Ilahleko ukwanda imikhosi US e-Iraq zikhokelele kwinto yokuba Republican iye yasilela kunyulo congressional, ukulahlekelwa uninzi emagumbini zombini.

Ukomeleza imibutho Islamist

Ngelo xesha, ukuba uxhathiso okokuqala nokuhlaliwa e Iraq, mfelandawonye waba zenkolo ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi cala, ngo-2008 kwi yintloko intshukumo yabanqolobi baba imibutho eyahlukeneyo Islamist, ngokufuthi ezikumila ngabagrogrisi.

Okunye nangoko emva ngokuhlaselwa American of Iraq ukuya kummandla lizwe watshintshelwa umsebenzi lombutho ngabagrogrisi "sihamba kunye Jihad" ikhokelwa yi Zarqawi. Emva kwexesha elithile phakathi kule seli linabela ezininzi neminye imibutho silwe Islamist e-Iraq. Ngo-2004, inkokeli "sihamba kunye Jihad" wathabatha isifungo sokuzinikela ku Busted bin Laden, kwaye mbutho ngokutsha "Al-Qaeda e Iraq."

Ngowe-2006, al-Zarqawi wabulawa ngendlela iziqhushumbisi ngu moya US. Kodwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, nokuba amaqela Islamist nomanyene ngakumbi Iraq. Xa liphulo Al-Zarqawi wadalwa Mujahideen shura Council, ngaphandle for "sihamba kunye Jihad", nkqubo leyo iquka inani neminye imibutho. Emva kokufa al-Zarqawi, kwangolu 2006, oko enokulungiswa njengoko Islamic State of Iraq (Isi). Kwaye kwenziwa ngaphandle kwemvume yenkokheli umbindi "Al-Qaeda". Yaba lo mbutho kwixesha elizayo, emva kokuba ukusasazeka impembelelo yayo kwicala Aram, iye yaba LIH kwandule Islamic State.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ngexesha ziziphumo US imikhosi msebenzi Iraq Islamists ndizuze amandla mkhulu ngo-2008. Zilawula isixeko yesibini ngobukhulu Iraq - Mosul, yaye ikomkhulu labo Baquba.

Ukuzaliswa ukusebenza American e Iraq

ilahleko uLote US e Iraq kangangeminyaka eli-10, ngelo xesha imfazwe eyathatha, kunye nozinzo ehlobene imeko kweli lizwe wenza sicinge malunga nokwenzeka ekurhoxisweni amajoni ngamazwe ukusuka kummandla karhulumente.

Ngo-2010, uMongameli omtsha US Barack Obama isalelo kwi ukurhoxiswa imikhosi US enkulu Iraq. Ngenxa yoko, amawaka 200 bakukhutshelwa kuloo nyaka. Amawaka 50 Umkhosi wamajoni abaseleyo ababefanele ukunceda urhulumente omtsha Iraqi ukulawula imeko kweli lizwe. Kodwa ke baba nje elingephi e-Iraq. NgoDisemba 2011, kunye lizwe eziseleyo lamawaka 50 sirhoxisiwe. E Iraq, ihlala abacebisi zomkhosi-200 kuphela, owamela eUnited States.

Ngoko ke, ngoDisemba 15, 2011 yaphela imfazwe e-Iraq ngenxa abaseMelika.

Ukulahlekelwa US Army

Ngoku masifumanise ukuba imikhosi ezininzi US baphulukana lokuSetyenziswa kwaMandla oLuntu kunye nezixhobo zomkhosi ngexesha ukusebenza ngo-Iraq, eyathatha phantse kwiminyaka elishumi.

mfelandawonye International balahlekelwe ewonke amadoda 4804 babulala, ngaye 4423 kwakukho US Isosha. Ukongeza, 31.942 baseMerika kulimale izidanga sandla ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ezi nkcukacha-manani ziquka zombini iilahleko zomkhosi non-ukulwa.

Thelekisa, ebudeni bemfazwe, umkhosi rhoqo Saddam Hussein liye ezilahlekileyo amashumi amawaka amajoni babulawa. Ukubala ilahleko yabanqolobi ezahlukeneyo, kwabagrogrisi kunye neminye imibutho ukuba aye ekulweni manyano, ukwenza engenakwenzeka.

Ngoku ukubala ilahleko kobuchwepheshe US e-Iraq. Ngexesha lemfazwe baseMerika ezilahlekileyo imifuziselo 80 lamatanki "Abrams". US ilahleko moya Iraq nabo ebalulekileyo. 20 moya US adubula phantsi. Kakhulu lugwayimbo koomatshini brand F-16 kunye F / A-18. Ukongeza, 86 ntaka US adubula phantsi.

Imeko emva ukurhoxiswa imikhosi US

Emva kokuba ukurhoxiswa imikhosi US e Iraq, le meko iye yayisiba. Bona baphakamisa iintloko zabo, imibutho emininzi eziyingozi kunye terrorist. Eyona nto inelona futhe likhulu kula kudweliswe LIH, ngoko waliguqula igama layo ukuba "Islamic State", ozibiza ulawulo kwihlabathi Muslim. Wazibekela ulawulo kwiindawo ezinkulu e-Iraq, yaye emva kokuqalisa kwemfazwe yamakhaya Syria wawandisa nempembelelo yalo kurhulumente.

Umsebenzi LIH uvuse inkxalabo amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini. Against le manyano entsha imibutho ikhokelwa yi eUnited States yasekwa. Ukuba bazibandakanye kumlo wokulwa abagrogrisi neRashiya, kodwa, nakuba kunjalo, isebenza ngokuzimeleyo. Le peculiarity kwalo msebenzi kuxhomekeke yokuba Amanyeneyo wenziwe ugwayimbo umoya kuphela eSiriya Iraq, kodwa asebenzise kuphazamiseko ezisentlabathini. Ngenxa izenzo Allied ummandla olawulwa yi-silwe karhulumente Islamic, iye yehla kakhulu, Noko ke, lo mbutho iyaqhubeka ingxaki enkulu ehlabathini.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye imikhosi ezininzi eziphikisanayo, lo ayiphikisani apho musa ukunika ihlabathi kwenzeka Iraq .. Sunnis, Shiites, Kurds, njl Ngoko, US amajoni ayikwazanga ukunika uxolo isitali kule ngingqi. Bawelele kwaye ngokwenza omnye wemisebenzi eziphambili.

Intsingiselo kunye neziphumo US ukuhlaselwa Iraq

Malunga hlamusela ayehlasela mfelandawonye e Iraq, kukho iimbono ezininzi ezingqubanayo. Kodwa iingcali ezininzi bayavuma ukuba emva Iraq kulemfazwe mmandla iye iyahlozinga kakhulu ngakumbi, yaye ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze nokuzinziswa le meko kodwa. Ngaphezu koko, abaninzi amanani zezopolitiko abadumileyo abaye bathatha isigqibo sokuba ahlasele Iraq, uthe ukuba imfazwe nxamnye Hussein impazamo. Ngokukodwa, kusithiwa intloko kwiKomishoni elizimeleyo Yophando, owayesakuba isekela Interior UMphathiswa of Great Britain John Chilcot.

Kakade ke, Saddam Hussein nozwilakhe eqhelekileyo ngubani noxinzeleko phikisa wasebenzisa zocindezelo. Naye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuqhutywa isenzo senkohlakalo emkhosini nxamnye kwamanye amazwe. Sekunjalo, iingcali ezininzi ziye zagqiba ukuba izixhobo ezifumaneka Hussein ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane xxi ayisa uvumelekile ukuba enze elikhulu-isikali ngamajoni, njengoko oko kungqinwa ngokoyiswa ekhawulezayo ngokwentelekiso imikhosi yomkhosi mfelandawonye Iraq rhoqo.

Kunye nolawulo Hussein kaThixo, iingcali ezininzi siyayiqonda elingezantsi ububi ezimbini, xa kuthelekiswa chaos uye waba ezikhona kummandla emva ekubhukuqekeni bakhe, kunye nesisongelo ngonaphakade okwandayo ukusuka Islamic State.