Izixhobo zonxibelelwano, imbali, izibakala

Uphuhliso lwabantu zange yenzeke ngokulungeleleneyo, kukho amaxesha ngxi nokuphumelela zeteknoloji baba. Ngokufanayo, ibali zazivelela neendlela ze transmission ulwazi. izibakala umdla ezifunyaniswe kule nkalo ngokulandelelana zembali thaca kweli nqaku. Okumangalisayo kukuba, into ngaphandle apho uluntu mihla namhlanje bobukho bayo, abantu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ithathwa engenakwenzeka kwaye kwamnandi, yaye ngokufuthi lendaba.

Ekuqaleni

Ukuqalela maxesha amandulo ukuya kwixesha lethu abantu belizwe zisetyenziswa isandi kunye nokukhanya njengendlela engundoqo ukudluliselwa kolwazi, imbali ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiwaka. Ukongeza ezahlukeneyo izandi ngalo ookhokho bethu yamandulo balumkisa ngeengozi babeyibiza okanye wazibizela lizingela, nayo ukukhanya ithuba ukuba imiyalezo ebalulekileyo imigama emide. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kuye kwathunyelwa, iitotshi, imikhonto avuthayo, iintolo, kunye nezinye izixhobo. Around zokuhlala beemboniselo esakhiwa umlilo uphawu ingozi zange abantu ukubamba singalindelanga. Iintlobo wolwazi ekufuneka udlule, ekhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwe ezinye uhlobo ikhowudi kunye nokuxhasa umsindo zobugcisa amagubu amakhwelo, gongs, iimpondo kunye nezinye izilwanyana.

Ukusebenzisa ikhowudi kwi ulwandle kwase le kusungulwe

Uphuhliso esephepheni Special nawe uye emanzini. Xa umntu wokuqala waya elwandle, ngakwiibhakana kuqala. AmaGrike amandulo kunye nendibaniselwano abathile izibane kudlule imiyalezo ukupela. Kwakhona elwandle isicelo imilo kunye uphawu umbala ezahlukeneyo iiflegi. Ngaloo ndlela, kwakukho into efana semaphore xa usebenzisa amalungiselelo iiflegi ezizodwa okanye izibane babenokudlulisela imiyalezo ezahlukeneyo. Zizo ezo nzame ukuba kwiingcingo kuqala. Kamva, kwakukho imijukujelwa. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imbali yophuhliso esebenzisa yokosulela ulwazi alukho ndawo, yaye ukususela kumaxesha abangekaphuhli kwakukho ngendaleko eningenakukholwa yiyo, ezi ndlela zonxibelelwano kumazwe amaninzi kunye iinkalo zobomi nangoku isabalulekile zabo.

Indlela yokuqala ulwazi yokugcina

Noko ke, abantu bakhathazeka nje indlela yokudlulisela ulwazi. Imbali yokugcina yayo nayo iya umva ukuya ekuqaleni kwexesha. Umzekelo woku ke imizobo mqolomba emiqolombeni ezahlukeneyo yamandulo, kuba ebulela kubo kunokubonwa kwezinye iinkalo zobomi kumaxesha amandulo. Iindlela ukugcina, ukurekhodwa kunye nokugcinwa kweenkcukacha ekhulisa kwaye kwafakwa imizobo kwimiqolomba kwafika yoonobumba umkhondo - eyayimela, yaye ekugqibeleni nokubhala. Sinokuthi kule mzuzu iqala ibali nokudalwa iindlela zokudlulisela ulwazi ehlabathini lonke.

Wayila bokubhala ulwazi revolution lokuqala embalini yoluntu, ngenxa yokuba ithuba ukuqokelela, usasaze nokudlulisela ulwazi ukuya kwisizukulwana esilandelayo. wanika Ukubhala negalelo enamandla kuphuhliso kwezenkcubeko nakwezoqoqosho ephucuke ezithe kakuhle phambi kwabanye. Ngenkulungwane XVI, ushicilelo kokusungulwa, nto leyo wave entsha ye revolution ulwazi. Ngoku uyakwazi ukugcina inkcazelo ininzi kakhulu, kwaye loo nto iye yaba lula ngakumbi, ukuze imbono "yokufunda nokubhala" sele zande ngakumbi. Le umzuzu ebaluleke kakhulu kwimbali lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu, ngenxa yokuba iincwadi laba impahla akuyi kuphela lizwe, kodwa ihlabathi liphela.

Thumela umyalezo

Mail njenge unxibelelwano indlela ayisebenzisayo phambi kokuba baqalise ukubhala njengeyabo. Abathunywa ekuqaleni kudlule iingxelo zomlomo. Nangona kunjalo, nokufika ithuba lokuba ubhale umyalezo kolu hlobo lonxibelelwano kuye kwayinto ethandwayo kakhulu. Izigidimi ekuqaleni ngeenyawo, kamva - ihashe. Xa impucuko yamandulo aphuhliswe sele kakuhle kusekwa inkonzo yeposi ngokwesiseko le relay. Inkonzo yokuqala yeposi intsukaphi eYiputa yamandulo neMesopotamiya. Zisetyenziswa ubukhulu becala iinjongo zomkhosi. inkqubo yeposi zaseYiputa waba ngowokuqala zihambile, ukuba yaqala amaYiputa kuqala usebenzisa amahobe yenethiwekhi. Kwixesha elizayo, waqalisa ukusasaza kwezinye izizwe e-mail.

Uphuhliso kusungulwe

Imbali kuphuhliso iindlela zonxibelelwano iqala kakhulu ngokwendalo kunye kusungulwe. Lwalo lokuqala iingcingo ezihamab phantsi, nto leyo wasungula kunye Demokrit Kleoksen (bulumko yamaGrike) kwaba ukuvuleka, leyo ikhankanywe ngasentla. Noko ke, akazange ukubamba, yaye imizamo wayila lweentlobo ezintsha ingcingo baphum abaphengululi ezahlukeneyo ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVII.

Ngowe-1793 kwemoto yocingo enombala, nto leyo ingqiqo ngokwesiseko entsha, ayisebenzi ngokusekelwe ukukhanya. Noko ke, kufuneka iindlela ezintsha ukuze udlulise ulwazi oluninzi. Makubulelwe kuphela ukufunyanwa amaza Kwabonakala olu hlobo zokunxibelelana nabantu abakude, njengoko kusungulwe yombane. kamva yasungulwa i izixhobo electrostatic kunye electrochemical.

Kagesi uhlobo yocingo socofo wabonakala 1832 enkosi kwimisebenzi nzulu Russian PL Schilling kunye electromechanical ke elilodwa lomenzi uSamuweli worse, ngubani wasungula indlela ekhethekileyo ngeengcingo ngo-1840. Ngowe-1939, B. S. Jacobi wasungula umbhalo yokuqala, yaye ngowe-1850 godu - teleprinter kuqala.

Ifowuni ngenxa umfuniselo ongaqhelekanga

Okulandelayo kufike ukubonakala ifowuni yakho njenge ndlela entsha yokudlulisela ulwazi. Ibali liqala ukususela 1837, xa uCharles Page waseMelika Scientist, iyile "ngocingo undichukela" - kwase ikamva yefowuni. Okuninzi umboniso okuyo sidalelwe 1860 utitshala physics yesikolo saseJamani Philipp Reis. Kodwa ke isixhobo babenokudlulisela izandi ngamnye ophambene. Ekhaya Reis fyabo abuxatyiswa, waza waya States, apho wabanjwa ngecala lwako, ngokuba baseMerika babeqinisekile nakwenzeka ilizwi phezu macingo. Kodwa ngumdali elizayo yefowuni eyona A. yokuqala G. Bell, utitshala omnye kwisikolo abazizithulu, ndaze wayeqhelene umsebenzi Reis. Wayefuna ukuba ukudala kwi ineziseko zayo izixhobo izandi yaba imiqondiso ukukhanya, ukuze bafundise abantwana abazizithulu ukuba bathethe. Ngenxa yoko, indlela random ngokupheleleyo, wadala kwaye enelungelo ifowuni yakhe Februwari 14, 1876. Ngokutsho Bell ngokwayo, wakwazi ukwenza isixhobo kuba nje lingamazanga imithetho ikharakhtha eyahlulayo. "Iseti yezandla Bella" - ngere- le isixhobo eziqhelekileyo kuthi - yadalwa 1878.

Ukudalwa kunomathotholo njengendlela yokudlulisa ulwazi. Imbali neziseko zonxibelelwano wireless

American UMahalon Loomis laqalisa kwase yokuqala ikhonkco ezingenazingcingo 1868, ubude baso baba malunga-22 km. Kuba wandibalela ithuba lokumisela lokwenene engenazingcingo yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuba uluntu luya kuba nako ukufunda ngendlela yokusebenzisa umbane evela emoyeni. Loomis wathi esemoyeni, ubukho leyo yaqinisekiswa Genrihom Gertsem kuphela emva kweminyaka eli-19.

Loomis izimvo bafakwa practice A. S. Popovym, abasungula kunomathotholo yokuqala ehlabathini, Academic iingqondo Petersburg University Aprili 25, 1895 (Old Style 7 Meyi). A May 24, 1896 kwakukho ukugqithiselwa itekisi radio yokuqala yehlabathi ezibandakanya amagama amabini "Genrih Gerts". Yaba irhafu umqala Popov ezukileyo ye-nzulu waseJamani. Hi ndlela leyi, ingcamango usebenzisa yonxibelelwano beradiyo iinqanawa ezisebenzayo ukudlulisa imiyalezo nengcutheko wacebisa ukuba Popov.

Le ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX yaba iliza wesithathu enkulu revolution lolwazi, kuba kwaba lula ukuba ukudlulisela data nakuyiphi na umgama ngokuthi kusungulwe, yomnxeba kunye nerediyo.

TV kanye satellite

NgoMeyi 9, 1911 isazinzulu Russian B. L. Rozing okokuqala wabonisa umfanekiso esidlangalaleni amanani ezilula real estate thaca kwi CRT screen. American Charlz Dzhekins ngo-1923 kwenziwa ukudluliswa umfanekiso ihamba. Kodwa aba imizekelo kamabonakude ngoomatshini. Noko ke, kuphela 1928 nabasunguli I. F. Belyansky kunye B. P. Grabovsky waba amava transmission umfanekiso ezihamba le cathode ray tube, egqalwa kwaqaliswa kamabonakude mihla. Le iconoscope Ukusungulwa ngo-1931 yaba idabi ukuphumeza umfanekiso ezicacileyo. Ukususela ngo-1934, isikhululo TV waseJamani DRF yaba yeyokuqala ezimbalini ukusasaza umabonwakude rhoqo ngekhompyutha. Ukususela ngo-1936 kuye kwabonakala Isinxulumaniso TV kwi-UK, kwaye ngo-1938 losasazo kamabonwakude rhoqo yaqala eSoviet Union.

Ukususela kwiminyaka yee-wamashumi amabini yokugcina imbali ngenkulungwane kuthetha, ukudluliselwa kunye processing of ulwazi wafumana umjikelo omtsha bakaRafa. Le mbono satellite yasekwa ngo-1945 liNgesi Arturom Klarkom, kwaye sele Oktobha 4, 1957 eSoviet Union kunye ngoncedo rocket carrier ngokusesikweni Umhlaba Isathelayithi yokuqala eyenziwe ngumntu. Ukususela ngoko waqalisa nangobudala kwisithuba ekuphuhliseni uluntu. Zwi waba into yokuqala lendalo kunye nolwazi wasiwa on Earth. Isathelayithi yokuqala ngaphezu nje kwisiqingatha semitha ubukhulu, ndamlinganisela kg 83 kuphela. Kwixesha elizayo, inkqubo satellite wavuka uphuhliso kakhulu, yaye isetyenziswe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu: kamabonwakude irileyi, navigation koonomathotholo kunye nabanye.

Imbali yakutshanje etsala ugqithiso lwedata

Upeyijo, unxibelelwano zeselula, ifayibha-optic imigca zoqhagamshelwano - onke amanyathelo malunga nokudala uthungelwano lonxibelelwano lwehlabathi. Ukudala computer yaba yinto ebalulekileyo, kodwa inyathelo eliphakathi. Ukuba iinkqubo isilawuli-based ziye yaguqula iindlela yokudlulisela ulwazi. unxibelelwano Digital wenze iinguqu, ngenxa apho ulwazi sele oyena ndoqo abantu namhlanje. Network ndiloyisile ihlabathi ube yinxalenye onke amanqanaba alo: ezopolitiko, ezemfundo, kwezobugcisa kunye noshishino. Imihlaba yendawo zaye umehluko kuba womnatha nangoko kanga abantu nezibonda malunga planethi kumcimbi lemizuzwana. Eli linyathelo elikhulu kuphuhliso iindlela yokosulela data.