Serfdom ku Russia - yimbi eYurophu

Serfdom, inkcazelo yayo yabonakaliswa okwesihlandlo sokuqala, ukuxhomekeka abalimi ukusuka ngamandla kaNdikhoyo feudal kunye nomlinganiswa kwezolawulo nezigwebo, kwakunzima eYurophu.

on dchinenie abasemagunyeni neenkundla kwakunye nolawulo a abalimi ethile feudal nasinikela. Baye ke ahluthwe ilungelo lokuba ukuhlutha iziza umhlaba kunye nokuthengwa real estate.

Worth zatmetit ukuba serfdom eRashiya busuka emva Kievan Rus yaye kwaqhubeka de ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala serfdom eyafakwa "Inyaniso Russian", nto leyo kubonwa izibonelelo kwiklasi umthetho nokungalingani. Ithi apha ungenakuxhomekeka kubungqina khoboka. Xa kunjalo, ukuba ingqina mntu simahla, ngoko sinako umbonise ukuba izinduna Chiune. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, isikhalazo encinane kunokwenzeka ukubhekisela ukuthenga.

Ukuthengwa - yindoda simahla, owayesebenza kumfama, kwathiwa stinks. Olunye uhlobo labantu abaxhomekeke tsarist eRashiya baba ryadovichi - kuba abalimi bangena emgceni contract.

Serfdom ku Russia kuvalelwa labemi kwixesha ukususela XV ukuya kwinkulungwane XVII. Of uMthetho ukususela 1497 ukuya ukwanelisa iimfuno eziyimfuneko nabalawulayo. output yamahlwempu umda ukuba ngokusemthethweni kwinqanaba mthetho. Ngoku umlimi ngamnye ukhathalelo kwakufuneka enze abadala - isixa esithile semali ekuvunyelwene, nto leyo eye inyanzelekile kubo bonke abalimi. Ubukhulu ugqibe abadala, apho eyadini ibekwe intendelezo: ehlathini okanye ibhanti emathafeni.

Xa kuthelekiswa iziqinisekiso, ixesha XIV - XV iinkulungwane, sudebnik wenza serfdom eRashiya nzima. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi kwinxalenye yesibini Sudebnik apho imveliso elithile esininzi kunye mobile inkoliso yabantu abasuka kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, ababebizwa ngokuba novoprihodtsami okanye ikontraka entsha. Sithetha ngayo abalimi, ngubani wadlulisela kokuphela kwethuba elifutshane lonyaka okanye ezinye, ukuya kwenye umlimi.

ka 1597 Code of Tsar Fedor Ivanovich wamnika ilungelo kumnini kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, uze uyibuyisele kumnini. Ikota ekulihloleni abalimi eyadala kwandisa Ndiwise umthetho ka-1642, nolwathi epapashwe Romanov uMikhail Fedorovich. Ngokuhambelana abalimi eyadala wafuna iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, kwaye zithunyelwa - kweminyaka eli-15.

Conciliar isikhundla 1649 Alexis isungule uvalwe lilonke nokutshintshwa abalimi kunye "Usuku uYuri kaThixo" ngokunjalo. Ngenxa yoko, abalimi zinxibelelene umniniyo, hayi emhlabeni. Xa ibhodi 1 eyenza uPetros ukugaywa exit zaba balimi. Nangona yokuba serfdom lwahlala iinkulungwane eziliqela, imilinganiselo attachment yamahlwempu eqhelekileyo ababengekho ngokupheleleyo eRashiya.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba serfdom eYurophu nga ixesha elide kwaye nzima ixesha Czarist Russia. Apha izihlandlo ezimbalwa yaye yaqaliswa, kwaye luya kurhoxiswa.

Sele phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-14, umsebenzi abalimi, abaya kakhulu saphela emva kwesibetho iye ezibaluleke ngakumbi. Ngaphambili abalimi baseYurophu amakhoboka, ngoku iwonga enjalo baye balahlekelwa, kodwa zange free.