Mosque Cathedral of Bibi Khanum: inkcazelo, imbali kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Elise Samarkand Bibi-Khanum - i zokwakha kunye nonqulo lesikhumbuzo ekhethekileyo ngenkulungwane XV, leyo yenye lwemenu ezingundoqo kwisixeko samandulo Asia. Imbali Ukwakhiwa kwale ndlu livelise ezinye amavo abanam.

umhombiso Samarkand

Famous Samarkand Bibi-Khanum yakhiwa ngokomyalelo Tamerlane (Timur), ngubani wabuya iphulo lobungangamsha eIndiya ngo-1399. umphathi Turkish wakhetha indawo ekwakhiweni kwayo. Okokuqala, wayalela ukuba ukwandisa indawo lemarike (leyo endaweni yayo, yaye bekukho lokukhonzela engundoqo wonke umzi).

Bibi-Khanum ubonakala kuba basebenza ezininzi kakhulu amagcisa abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo Asia: anayo Golden, India, iPersi, Khorezm. Xa iyonke, abantu abamalunga nabayi-700 abathatha inxaxheba, 500 ka endisebenze ezintabeni (bona Uzimbela kuvuleke esikhulu wokumbiwa 40 yeekhilomitha ukusuka isixeko). Kuba ukuthutha izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo Indian iindlovu. Esi sakhiwo sakhiwe ngezitena. Xa zokwakha ezisetyenziswa kuphela ezingcono ekrwada - Emir wayefuna ukuba ebomini lesikhumbuzo kwimoskhi ngayo ixesha lakhe.

iphupho Emir

Bibi Khanum kwakubaluleke kakhulu Tamerlane. Yena rhoqo wabongoza abakhi, iinjineli. Emir Great wenza unoxanduva lokuthobela imiqathango kulwakhiwo eziliqela iirhuluneli zakhe yephondo. Ecacileyo, iqela nabayili ngaphambili wadala nomzekelo mosque elincinane. Le projekthi yahlulwe ezininzi: isakhiwo engundoqo, Arch portal, arcade kunye neendonga. Kuba nganye kwezi zinto kumkhawulela umsebenzi othile lwentsebenziswano.

Legend of umfazi Tamerlane

Tamerlan kunqabile ukuba bahlale phantsi emhlabeni. Yayalela ukwakhiwa uBibi-Khanum, wemka Samarkand waya iphulo elide nxamnye Ottoman Sultan. Ngelo xesha umsebenzi waqhubeka njengesiqhelo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba lokukhonzela entsha Timur enikelwe umfazi wakhe uSarayi mulyk Khanum. Wahlala e Samarkand yaye okunene kweliso ukwakhiwa endaweni indoda yakhe. Igama layo linxulunyaniswa ilivo aphakathi kwe-Bibi-Khanum.

Enye welivo ethandwayo iye ukuba umakhi ophetheyo arch le portal, wayethandana uSarayi mulyk Khanum. Yena ngabom welula ukwakhiwa kuba wayengafuni ukuba kuthi ndlela-ntle umfazi wakhe Tamerlane. Ngoko ke kwathatha iminyaka eliqela. Ngeli xesha le grand mosque ka Bibi Khanum wafumana minaret kunye kwimiqolo emarmore emhlophe (apho malunga enye enesiqingatha iwaka lamaqhosha aba). Ulwakhiwo phantse ugqibile, wena uvale kuphela arch le portal. Kodwa kwinqanaba lokugqibela inkanuko Wayengumntu phantse ndayihluthwa Samarkand enye ezinika yayo engundoqo.

umsindo Timur

Kwathi ngo-1404. Tamerlane ebuya phulo lakhe yaye kungekudala wayeze Samarkand. USarayi mulyk Khanum ngokukhawuleza umyili entanjeni arch. jaha wawufuna mabhaso nobuganga obukwanjalo. Wayefuna ukuba amange ukumkanikazi. Le umfazi Tamerlane zinika abalandeli ukhetho kwesinye nobuhle wenkundla kunye wongezelela ukuba bonke abafazi mihle ngokulinganayo. Njengokuba ubungqina imfundiso yakhe ukumkanikazi wanika elinesibini banenkani amaqanda zakudala ucebise sikhalazo ekucoceni ukuba ukuqinisekisa bangoobani yangaphakathi.

Kodwa akho nto yandincedayo. Bibi-Khanum babemi engagqitywanga, kunye Tamerlane yonke imihla ke ukusondela Samarkand. Lomhleli kunjalo. Ekugqibeleni, Chitha-mulyk Khanum wamnika indlela wavumela abalandeli ukuba amange ezidleleni zakhe. Le touch komlomo kwakukho yamanyala, leyo uthathwa yi abuyayo Tamerlane. Emir Great wayalela ukuba ukubamba elinamandla, kodwa akazange ukuphatha ukuyifumana.

Old and portal entsha

Wachaza legend le Bibi-Khanum ezintle, kodwa ngenkankulu onayo nantoni na yokwenza nenyani. Okokuqala, umfazi Tamerlane ngexesha lokwakha wayemalunga neminyaka engama-60, nto leyo iyayikhaba ingcamango malunga ubuhle bakhe obutsha. Okwesibini, njengoko chroniclers endingqinela, Timur waba nomsindo, kodwa hayi ngenxa eyayichasene womzobi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ephantsi (njengoko kwabonakala ukuba Emir) portal. Ayikwazi ukumelana noxanduva lwabo sasePoland, linoxanduva "ukwakhiwa kwenkulungwane", wabulawa ngoSeptemba 1404.

Ngokomlomo Tamerlane yokungena ezingamkelekanga portal yatshatyalaliswa yaye yakha entsha endaweni yayo, nokuba mkhulu. Emva ekhaya, lo Emir ugula kakhulu. Wayengakwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimeleyo, ngoko ke wayalela abakhonzi bakhe ukuba bayithwale kwisayithi. Mbusi wabongoza abasebenzi leyo nabo inyama emhadini kunye nemali. Kungekudala INqaba igqityiwe, yaye Bibi-Khanum waqalisa ukuba amakholwa. Njengoko ngokuba neengqameko ukuzeka kade umsindo, ngoko ke isiphoso yenyikima ngayo wawa nje kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokuba umsebenzi wokwakha. Awubuyisele ayisa bazama. Kodwa kwakhona, ndayihluthwa arch, lo lokukhonzela iphelelwe okumangalisayo.

Iimpawu design

Bibi Khanum - umda zobugcisa lwesakhiwo vutshila kwinkulungwane XV. Ngaphezu ukuvulwa engundoqo watshintshelwa kwi yamandulo enamandla nanto. A portal enhle namhlophe. Master basebenzisa iintlobo ezisixhenxe zesinyithi ngenxa eyimveliso isango (kuquka igolide nesilivere) Building okuphakama kwawo neemitha mane, umphezulu waso jize nge lwale enkulu kabini.

Indawo eyodwa yaba intendelezo kunye equleni, engqongwe hlokondiba lwemihlathi ezimangalisayo, kudandalaza imikrozo emine. Apha ke emaqanda ngoLwesihlanu imithandazo uninzi ngabazalwane Samarkand. Amawaka othembekileyo, zicwangciswe bebasa emthunzini lwemihlathi ezimhlophe, baba emehlweni omangalisayo le manyano yonqulo inani elikhulu labantu.

uphawu emzini

The Dome iphambili lokukhonzela yodumo phezulu kangangokuba nkqu izibane neendawo ezininzi kunye nezibane ayikwazanga aphelise sisithokothoko yakhe. On ithayile iindonga waphumla intlaninge yezibuko. Ukukhanya kwelanga, basuka bayinika abenzi lokukhonzela umoya ekhethekileyo. Le inkohliso kokugcina kukhokelele kwinto yokuba uThixo amajukujuku Azure (zipeyintwe umbala isibhakabhaka) kunye zamaRoma nenqaba ekhazimlayo brilliance ukuluqonda. Ngaphakathi, iindonga zazihonjiswe ngezihombo florid kunye ebhanyabhanya naziiperile. Namhlanje beqhubeka mangaza ngqondweni. Painting on udaka iinkuni eqingqiweyo kananjalo wasinda maxesha ethu.

iimbongi ephakathi kunye ababhali Ndikufanekise Arch ipateni Bibi-Khanum kunye iMilky Way kunye nemephu nesibhakabhaka esimnyama. Igumbi ngokwaso ufumene umsindo emangalisayo. Nkqu zamasilamsi cwaka yamenza laduma kuzo imigama enkulu kwaye iviwe amawaka Muslims ukuya zamaSilamsi imithandazo ngemihla. Ngokutsho ngokwesithethe yamaSilamsi, inkosi abhaliwe iindonga ngaphakathi kwaye engaphandle kwetempile kunye iingcaphulo yeKoran. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba uBibi-Khanum, yaba iziko lobomi yonqulo Samarkand. Ukutshintsha ixesha, ookumkani kunye noorhulumente, kwaye kuphela oku ehlala ihleli injalo.

ehlala ukholo

Eyona ndawo ibalulekileyo Bibi Khanum - le mihrab. Le niche eludongeni, zinokuhonjiswa yamandulo encinane kunye enezintlu ezimbini. Njengoko naliphi na mosque, lo mihrab Bibi-Khanum ibonisa kuwo umzi ongcwele iMecca Muslims. Kule niche nesiko wathandaza imams. Kuyinto isibingelelo apse analog okanye zamaKristu.

A isici esasenza Bibi-Khanum njengemosque - ubukho minbar. Kweli sebe lo mfundisi sacengceleza loo ntshumayelo ngoLwesihlanu. Isiko kwenzeka cwaka. Ikhoboka waphulaphula ngenyameko amazwi Imam kunye swi iintshumayelo zakhe.

Mosque and Umakhi

Bibi-Khanum wathabatha amakholwa iminyaka emininzi nangona komhlaba rhoqo Central Asia. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ulwakhiwo wabola, kodwa ibandla ndikwazile ukugcina ngendlela enye nezinye ezininzi unique lwalunjani Samarkand. Malunga nendlela restavrilovali Bibi-Khanum a ozimeleyo Uzbekistan mihla, ngokutsho iindonga kunye ngaphakathi ye lomculo, othe gqolo mangaza kunye okumangalisayo kanye wedwa. Abasemagunyeni ukuthatha unonophelo lesikhumbuzo yembali kunye namhlanje. Iseti lokugqibela lezifundo kwi nokubuyiselwa kunye nokwakha kwathabatha ixesha elikhulu (1968 -. 2003 gg). Kwimingxuma izenze wamnika inzululwazi eninzi nezinto zakudala ezibalulekileyo. Namhlanje, lo lokukhonzela gqolo ukufumana iindwendwe. Iinkonzo zonqulo ziyabanjwa, kodwa isakhiwo ibeyinto imyuziyam ebalulekileyo. Le lomculo yezakhiwo kuthatha indawo ka-18 amawaka square metres.

Bekunye mosque lwakwakhiwa yamangcwaba ka uBibi-Khanum, nto leyo iqhele ngqo malunga naye. Kule engcwabeni wafumana lokugqibela indawo yokuphumla abafazi yayo kwintsapho Tamerlane ngayo. Okokuqala wafihlwa yamangcwaba kamama uSarayi mulyk Khanum. Timur yayakhelwe engcwabeni usapho labucala, leyo kwenye inxalenye Samarkand.