Ithambo Occipital kuba ngumntu okanye isilwanyana ukakayi: ifoto kunye nesakhiwo

Ithambo Occipital ye lukakayi, ifoto leyo thaca kweli nqaku, kuba unpaired. Le ise emazantsi ngasemva entloko. Le nto yenza inxalenye arch kwaye inxaxheba ekubunjweni siseko. Amaxesha amaninzi ukusuka esikolweni ukuya ukuva lo mbuzo: "lithambo Occipital intamo - caba okanye tubular?" Ngokubanzi, zonke izinto ezisengqiqweni intloko kukho isakhiwo esinye. ithambo Occipital, kwakunye nabanye, flat. Iquka izinto ezininzi. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

lithambo Occipital intamo: Anatomy

Olu phawu edibene zexeshana kunye Parietal yi sutures. Ithambo Occipital intamo iquka izabelo ezine. It has a imvelaphi cartilaginous kunye membranous. Ithambo Occipital intamo wesilwanyana iquka:

1. Izikali.
2. Ezimbini condyle articular.
3. Body.
4. inkqubo Two jugular.

Phakathi uthe izabelo kukho umngxuma omkhulu. therethrough Post kwenzeka phakathi ingqondo kunye lomsele kwisisu spinal. ukhakhayi Occipital Human bone sihambisane isiqalelo nesinqumka kunye vertebra 1 wesibeleko. Oku kuquka:

1. Izikali.
2. Condyles (mass sclerosis).
3. Body (inxalenye basilar).

Phakathi kwabo Pore enkulu. Bathi kwisisu cranial liqhagamshelene lomsele spinal.

isikali

It is a ipleyiti emise spherically. Ngaphandle ubuso yawo khaxa, kunye nezangaphakathi - phakathi. Ukuqwalasela isakhiwo ithambo Occipital ye lukakayi, kufuneka sihlolisise isakhiwo nembasa. Kumphezulu wayo engaphandle kukhona:

1. Le Buze (inion). It linikwa kwi uhlobo indawo kwi embindini ezikalini. On Ngokucofa kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukuze obungqingqwa.
2. indawo Occipital. It imelwe isikali isahlulo ngaphezu kwingqikelelo.
3. Highest line nuchal. Iqala ukusuka kumda INION top.
4. umgca Nuchal top. Lisebenza kwinqanaba phakathi umlebe ongezantsi kunye eludinini aphezulu.
5. line Bottom. Igqitha phakathi ekupheleni ongentla kunye umngxuma Occipital.

Umphezulu engaphakathi

Ine:

1. ephakeme limise. It sise ekudibaneni kwe-kummango ephakathi kwaye umsele le ezinqamlezayo kunye sinus sagittal kunathi.
2. Buze yangaphakathi. Le sise kudibana sinuses lwemithambo.
3. ephakeme yangaphakathi.
4. Imisele, sagittal enye sinuses ezimbini enqamlezileyo.
5. Opistion. Le ngongoma Identification. Siyafana ukuya kumbindi weli cala elingasemva magnum foramen.
6. Basion. Le ethile ukusuka kwindawo elivumelana kumbindi weli cala ngaphambili magnum foramen.

Umphezulu engaphakathi unalo isikali isiqabu, nto leyo ibangelwa imilo kunye nobuchopho imifinya ezikufutshane nawo.

mass lateral

Kumafa yabo iqulethe:

1. iinkqubo Jugular. Ibeka ukuvulwa igama elifanayo emacaleni. Ezi zinto bahambelana iinkqubo vertebral enqamlezileyo.
2. channel Sublingual. Nguye ecaleni kwaye phambi magnum foramen. Kuyinto ekhoyo XII luvo.
3. sicatshulwa Condylar zilahlwe emva condyle. Kuyinto ekhoyo emissarnaya eVienna.
4. tubercle Jugular. Le ibekwe ngaphezu umjelo we-luvo hypoglossal.

umzimba

Umele ngaphambili. umzimba Top kunye phambili ukuvunwa. It kwenza:

1. indawo Bottom. Kuyinto langoku pharyngeal tubercle, pharyngeal site attachment suture.
2. Wemigca engaphandle (intsente). Bona eqhagamshelwe ubume element zexeshana.
3. Scat (Ngaphezulu). Ijoliswe em- cranial.

Inxalenye zisecaleni emseleni lengxondorha ezantsi ukwahlula sinus.

kuhambisana

Ithambo Occipital ngayo, yaba lukakayi, kanga isiseko izinto Arch. Kusebenza unxibelelwano phakathi intloko lomqolo. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, Kwakungokuba entloko eqhagamshelwe ilungu nesinqumka kunye ithambo Occipital intamo. Uhlobo kokubonisa - synchondrosis. Uxhulumaniso lusenziwa nge kumphezulu phambi komzimba. Ekubeni ithambo Parietal Occipital ezikhankanyiweyo joint. Endaweni yokudityaniswa indawo eqhelekileyo ibekwe. Ibizwa ngokuba "Lambda". Kwezinye iimeko, kukho ibanjiwe ithambo interparietal. It luqokelelane ukusuka phezulu lwezi zinto scales and bahlukana ngayo umthungo ezinqamlezayo. Ekubeni ithambo nezenyama amalungu ukhakhayi Occipital element ezikhankanyiweyo:

1. Petro-jugular. inkqubo Jugular idluliselwa tenderloin kwegama elifanayo kwi ithambo zexeshana.
2. Petro-basilar. Inxalenye zisecaleni isiseko liqhagamshelene element petrous.
3. Occipital-mastoid. isabelo Mastoid sihambisane ilungu moya umva ephantsi temporal.

Nge Atlanta indawo esezantsi khaxa le condyles liqhagamshelene inxalenye phakathi ye vertebra 1 entanyeni. Kukho abunjwe uhlobo diarthrosis ngokuhlangeneyo. Kuyo kukho isingxobo, synovium, intlala.

iinyanda

Bona thaca ngohlobo inwebu:

1. Front. Le ibekwe phakathi isiseko amathambo kunye arch Atlas.
2. Buyela. Le inyanda bulukwe phakathi iinxalenye elingasemva vertebra lokuqala entanyeni kunye umngxuma Occipital. Idityanisiwe kumphezulu ahambelana lomsele spinal.
3. Lateral. Le inwebu inxibelelanisa inkqubo jugular lomnqamlezo-vertebral.
4. I-inshorensi. Lo ukwandiswa ngasemva longitudinal le inwebu ukuya ngaphambili indawo enkulu. Le inyanda udlula abe ngamasuntswana periosteum ukhakhayi kwisiseko.

Ukongeza, kukho:

1. nemisipha Alar. Baya kwinxalenye osecaleni emngxunyeni omkhulu.
2. izinyo lungu. Igqitha kwinkqubo ye vertebra 2 entanyeni ukuya kwikona phambi emngxunyeni omkhulu.
3. aponeurosis phezulu. Olubotshelelwe kumgca nuchal eliphezulu.
4. aponeurosis Deep. Oku kulungisiwe ngokwesiseko amathambo Occipital.

imisipha

Azifaka ngokwawo ku:

1. Occipital ephezulu line. Kukho ligxile epicranius esiswini.
2. nuchal line Upper. Kukho iyalungiswa ibhanti, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius kwezihlunu. Kwindawo enye ngayo kulungisiwe kunye Occipital salowo izihlunu.

On umgca osezantsi ayinakutshintshwa:

1. umsipha Direct intloko encinane angasemva. It iqhotyoshelwe inkqubo spinous le vertebra 1 entanyeni.
2. Buyela Umva enkulu uqonde. Bona nto zibambene nayo inkqubo spinous le vertebra 2 entanyeni.
3. imisipha Oblique aphezulu entloko. It iqhotyoshelwe inkqubo ezinqamlezayo le vertebra 2 wesibeleko.

Ubuchopho (iqokobhe nzima) kunye luvo

Towards kungqameko vee ezinqamlezayo yi tentorium cerebelli apha. ubuchopho irhengqa eliqingqwe nesabelo salo ngasemva. Yena iqhotyoshelwe kungqameko vee kwi sinus sagittal awongamileyo. Falcula zimiliselwe Crest, Occipital embilwini. Ukutyhubela foramen jugular kukho izibini luvo:

1. Glossopharyngeal (IX).
2. Vagus (X).
3. Ulwandiso (XI). Kwathi iingcambu zakhe spinal ngokusebenzisa magnum foramen.

On condyles kuzilungelelanisa ngonyaka ngokusebenzisa luvo yomphunga hypoglossal uya XII.

ukulimala

Ubume ithambo Occipital intamo okunjalo ukuba zitye kumonakalo ngoomatshini. Noko ke, ukuba ikhatshwe, kwezinye iimeko, imiphumo emibi ezibulalayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ithambo Occipital intamo sikhusela luvo optic. Kwaye oko kungakhokelela kumonakalo ekulahlekeni epheleleyo okanye kwinxenye ukukwazi ukubona.

zokulimala

Umonakalo zilandelayo:

1. ukwa odandathekileyo wethambo Occipital intamo. Lowo uza evela impembelelo ngoomatshini nento luhlaza. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ingqondo ngokuqhelekileyo iwela phantse umthwalo.
2. umonakalo Comminuted. Kuyinto kukwaphula element ingqibelelo, sikhatshwe ukuyilwa amaqhekeza ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu. Oku kunokukhokelela umonakalo kwisakhiwo ebuchotsheni.
3. ukwa yomgama wethambo Occipital intamo. Oku kukwabonisa kukwaphula element ingqibelelo. Kulo mzekelo, umonakalo Idla yi kwamathambo kwezinye amathambo, mala kunye contusion ebuchotsheni. Ezo radiograph kuhlukunyezwa ikhangeleka ngathi estrip obhityileyo. Uyavumelana lukakayi, oko kukuthi, ithambo lakhe Occipital.

umonakalo yokugqibela ungachazwa ukuba izinto ukubana xa kuthelekiswa omnye komnye - ngaphezulu akukho ngaphezu kokuba isentimitha. Olu tshintsho ungahamba kuyabonwa kwaye nangayiphi na indlela abonakale. Ukwenzakala ezinjalo kaninzi kwenzeka ngabantwana ngexesha lokudlala esebenzayo. Ukuba umntwana ibhiyozelwa emva kokuwa intloko ebuhlungu kunye isicaphucaphu, kufuneka udibane nogqirha.

Eyonanto ibalulekileyo

Skull nokuba yonakele, ethi ichaphazele magnum foramen. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba luvo owenzakeleyo kwaye nobuchopho. Lo mfanekiso kwezonyango luphawulwa iimpawu bulbar. Oko kukhatshwa ukuphazamiseka zeenkqubo bokuphefumla sentliziyo. Imiphumo yokwenzakala ezinjalo kakhulu ngokwaneleyo. Oku kube kophulwa kwemisebenzi ethile zobuchopho, kunye namathambo osteoma ye entanyeni, kunye nokufa.

TBI

Kukho iindidi ezintathu ezingundoqo ukonakala kwengqondo:

1. Yokulimala.
2. Abenze.
3. Ukwenzakala.

Imiqondiso uqhelekileyo mala ziquka niphele imeko ngexesha lemizuzwana engama-30. ukuya ku sisiqingatha seyure. Ukongeza, umntu waphawula isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, isiyezi, iintlungu apha entloko. Chance ngelahleko memory elifutshane elide, ukuba nochuku, ingxolo kunye nokukhanya. Ngelo xesha umonakalo efanayo ithambo Occipital kunye mala waphawula uphawu ezintsonkothileyo. ukulimala Minor kubonakaliswa ilahleko lokuqonda. Kusenokuba mayibe mifutshane (imizuzu embalwa) okanye yokugqibela iiyure eziliqela. Kudla ephawulwe ukukhubazeka imisipha yobuso, ukuphazamiseka intetho. Xa ukulimala sandla zokumodareyitha kumakishwa indlela embi abafundi ekukhanyeni, kukho nystagmus - twitching ngokuzenzekelayo iso. Ukuba umonakalo kakhulu ukuba ixhoba kuwa iintsuku eziliqela isiqaqa. Kulo mzekelo, inokuba kwakhona kuthi ucinezelo ebuchotsheni. Oku kungenxa kuphuhliso hematoma. Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko, ucinezelo kunokubangela nokudumba, okanye ithambo iziqwenga. Le meko idla kufuna uqhaqho ngoko nangoko.

imiphumela

Ukwenzakala wethambo Occipital kunokubangela Agnosia macala visuospatial. Oku oogqirha imeko kubiza sanctions iintlobo ezahlukeneyo okuqonda. Ixhoba, ingakumbi, akakwazi ukubona kwaye siqonde kwisithuba Okuseleyo kuwo. Kwezinye iimeko, abantu bakholelwa ukuba ukwenzakala luKakayi, abazamkele, musa ukumela ingozi kubo. Nakuba kunjalo, nawuphi na umonakalo wayo, nokuba ubungqongqo imfuneko ukuya esibhedlele. karhulumente Akukho mpawu proyavlyayayuscheesya kwi nisaqala kunokubangela nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.