Isikolo yolawulo yezenzululwazi ngokukhanya uhlalutyo kwiindawo eziphambili zophuhliso ulawulo

Igama elithi "ulawulo" kule minyaka imashumi mabini edlulileyo iye ngokuqinileyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Kodwa bambalwa amaRashiya nazi ukuba unalo imbali elide umdla, apho kwasekwa izikolo ezimbalwa enkulu, uninzi nosebenza okwangoku. Le ndawo ibonisa kwakhona umehluko iindlela kulawulo shishini apho kukho umahluko ekuqondeni endaweni yomntu kulawulo.

Omnye yokuqala ukuvela esikolweni ulawulo zenzululwazi. ukuvela Kwalo olunye uphuhliso kubangelwe ikakhulu amagama abantu abaziwayo ezifana F. Taylor, G. Gantt, umfazi ka Gilbert. Bonke kwimisebenzi esekelwe yokuba indlela yezenzululwazi zemveliso, usebenzisa iindlela ezifana uhlalutyo yokuqaphela, yoqheliso imali ebanjwayo, unako ukufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu wemfezeko. Yeyona ukwahlulwa zonke iinkqubo zemveliso kwi imisebenzi zilula kunye ummiselo ngokucokisekileyo emva waza wazibeka iziseko kubiza oko thina namhlanje "sikolo ulawulo yenzululwazi."

F. Taylor kunye nabalandeli bakhe ezichongiweyo amanqaku aphambili amathathu, apho, ngokwembono yabo, kwafuneka ukuba kwandiswe ngokubonakalayo imveliso kunye nokusebenza. Icandelo lokuqala yaba uhlenga, leyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, uluhlu vule inkqubo umsebenzisi ngamnye, eyiyo indawo yokusebenza yokufunda apho iindlela ezintsha kakhulu- umsebenzi.

Ikhonkco yesibini iye esivakalayo ngokwenzululwazi isakhiwo ngokusesikweni lweshishini. school management yenzululwazi wabeka isiseko yintoni namhlanje ebizwa ngokuba "ulawulo lwezabasebenzi". Lo msebenzi, nto leyo iquka indlela isandi ukuya nokukhethwa kwabasebenzi, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa ngobuchule iimpawu best kunye nobuchule babasebenzi ukuphumeza le njongo.

Ekugqibeleni, ilitye lembombo wesithathu, nto leyo isisiseko lwesikolo yolawulo yenzululwazi, i ukulahlwa epheleleyo indibanisela imisebenzi zolawulo kunye yolawulo. Ngokutsho Taylor, kulo naliphi na ishishini kufuneka kubonwe isakhiwo ecacileyo, ukusuka apho kucaca ntoni umphathi ethile okanye umsebenzi oqhelekileyo i uxanduva. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba kukho ukudityaniswa imisebenzi efanayo izandla, kwaba soloko kukho ukuhla nezikhombisi esisiseko umsebenzi lweshishini.

Kunye nesikolo istampu Taylor ngalo imbali yolawulo iye ushiye ulawulo yezolawulo yesikolo apho ukuqaphela umsebenzi izikhanyiso ezifana G. Emerson, L. Urwick, A. Fayolle, Weber. Ezi izazinzulu ziye bafuna ukuqinisekisa, ukuphuhlisa imigaqo jikelele ukuba kunokusetyenziswa nawuphi na umbutho, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isikali nobubanzi imisebenzi. Phakathi imigaqo esisiseko ezo kuchazwe imfuneko icacise injongo esisiseko, indlela ukuvelisa, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ngokwembono ingqondo, imfuneko ulwazi ezizodwa kunye nokubambelela olungqongqo imithetho nemimiselo zabasebenzi lwangaphakathi.

Phakathi lweentsingiselo mihla ezininzi kuchongwa kwicala lolawulo, leyo kuthiwa "I-School of Science Management". mbono yayo zezi Akoff R., S. engacelwanga, L. Klein. Ezi izazinzulu ziye malivakale kwelo kuqala waqalisa ukunikela kwi kulawulo ebizwa ngokuba "inkalo zentlalo", kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu zobuxhakaxhaka bolwazi.