Le nkqubo ye-kwegazi yemiphunga ezanyisayo

Inkqubo yegazi kunye nokuphefumla ukuba amaqhina oqhagamshelwano ngokokwakheka onemfundo. Bebonke zinika imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ephilayo ivumela ukuba zithumele tissue ioksijini kunye amalungu kunye nezondlo. Yaye izilwanyana yokuqala, inxenye yoyiswa ilizwe, kukho umanyano ezi nkqubo. Inika kwinqanaba eliphezulu yombutho noshowo kunye nokwenza amalungu neemeko zokuphila phantsi emhlabeni.

inkqubo yokuphefumla kunye yemithambo ezincancisayo, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, iintaka kunye ezirhubuluzayo iqulathe iimpahla imiphunga, intliziyo kunye negazi. Xa eli cebo kuye kwasasazwa pulmonary imelwe ngokupheleleyo ukukhanya, okt emithanjeni pulmonary, leyo nikeza igazi kwemithambo, yaye uphiwa yegazi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba imiqobo phakathi kwegazi pulmonary abangekhoyo, ngenxa yoko eli phecana yokuphefumla kunye nemithambo yegazi kugqalwa iyunithi eyodwa esebenzayo.

Le series ukujikeleza kwegazi pulmonary

isangqa Small ezibizwa okuvala empahla ethumela igazi ukusuka entliziyweni emiphungeni kwaye ndimbuyisele umva. Kwangaxeshanye, nangona umahluko kwi amalungu nokuhamba kwegazi, isiphaluka pulmonary yokujikeleza ezincancisayo ayikho yahlukile eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, ezirhubuluzayo kunye neentaka zezulu. Kunye zamvanje ezanyisayo babe okufanayo ngaphezu kwabanye. Ingakumbi, le intliziyo 4-wegumbi thina.

Njengoko imida phakathi iimpahla umzimba ayikho, ngoko ekuqaleni yoxhomekeko kwegazi pulmonary uthathwa ukuba ventricle lasekunene entliziyweni esanyisayo. Imiswe igazi buti yemiphunga, ndayihluthwa ioksijini, oko sibhekiswe emithanjeni miphungeni. Ukuthatha nokuhanjiswa igesi esivulekayo alveolar iiseli epithelial, itshitshiswe ukukhululwa kungena mithambo ye-alveoli, kunye ne-carbon dioxide umfanekiso ioksijini. Last enebana ngehemoglobin kwaye sibhekiswe kwicala lasekhohlo sentliziyo yegazi miphungeni. Ibonisa umzobo kwegazi pulmonary, oko iphela intendelezo lasekhohlo, kwaye ithombo legazi zenkqubo ukusuka ventricle ekhohlo iqala.

A Isangqa encinane yeentaka nokuhamba kwegazi

I zomzimba kwenkqubo iintaka bokuphefumla sentliziyo khulu ezanyisayo, ngokunjalo abe nentliziyo 4-gumbi. Xa emanzini nasemhlabeni intliziyo a abegumbi 3. Ngenxa yoko, isangqa encinane beesekethe iintaka ejikeleza iyafana ngayo izilwanyana. Apha, ukususela ventricle ekunene yhuu igazi flow lwemithambo ukuya emithanjeni miphungeni. Oxygenation elicebisa igazi kunye mpilo iiseli ezibomvu egazini esimbaxa ithuthelwe intendelezo ekhohlo, kwaye ukusuka apho - kwi ventricle kunye kwegazi.

ejikeleza pulmonary of iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo

Umele azi ukuba zeziphi igazi tihamba ngemithambo ye zethala yemiphunga kwiintaka, ezanyisayo, ezirhubuluzayo emanzini. Ngoko ke, izilwanyana ukuze pulmonary ukuya emithanjeni eliqukuqela igazi lwemithambo kuphele oksijini kwaye equlethe carbon dioxide kukuninzi. Emva oxygenation yegazi esimbaxa ngenxa yegazi ikhokelwa entliziyweni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kulo kwegazi usoloko siza igazi esimbaxa ngokwentliziyo nge kwemithambo kuphela, futhi ukubuya lwemithambo intliziyo ngenxa yegazi.

ejikeleza pulmonary izirhubuluzi kunye eziphila

Driving ukuhamba pulmonary ze isele ayahlukanga kuloo ezincancisayo. Noko ke, phezu amalungu zahluke: ngenxa abegumbi 3 intliziyo igazi lwemithambo kunye umfutho oxutywe. Ngenxa yokuba imithambo yomzimba kuquka umphunga, elibaleka fluid mixed eziphilayo. A mithambo lwemithambo umzimba emva entliziyweni, uze emva koko ezixutywe intliziyo egumbini ezintathu. Ngoko ke, uxinzelelo kwenxenye oksijini imithambo ejikeleza ezincinane nezinkulu twatse. Ngenxa ezirhubuluzayo zibe zinegazi elibandayo.

Izirhubuluzi kwakhona emithathu-zawo intliziyo, kodwa ke izabelo eliphezulu kwaye esezantsi ventricle iyonke kukho intsholongwane ye-hlulo. Iingwenya kunye lonke ulwahlulo phakathi ekunene kwaye ventricle eliseleyo phantse ukusekwa. Uye kuphela inani elithile ezivuzayo. Ngenxa yoko, iingwenya singapheli ngakumbi yaye enkulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izirhubuluzi. Kwangaxeshanye oko iyaziwa indlela iidayinaso waba intliziyo, nayo ukubayinxalenye iklasi izirhubuluzi. Mhlawumbi nabo beziphantse kwagxunyekwa ngokupheleleyo ventricles. Nangona ubungqina akunakwenzeka ukuba ifunyenwe.

Uhlalutyo icebo kwisangqa encinane kwegazi kwabantu

Xa abantu, kwanaleyo igesi yenzeka emiphungeni. Apha, igazi unika icarbon dioxide kunye mpilo. Le ixabiso ephambili nokuhamba kwegazi miphungeni. Naluphi na icebo academic kwegazi pulmonary, nendele ngokusekelwe kuphando amalungu yokuphefumla, ukuqala ventricle ekunene. Ngqo ukusuka ivalve pulmonary lihamba buti miphungeni. Ngenxa yokwahlukana yayo ibe ngamaqela amabini ihamba kude imithambo pulmonary isebe ukuya ekunene kunye nemiphunga ekhohlo.

pulmonary ngokwalo yahlulwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo wayityumza le emithanjeni, ezendeleyo ijwabu umzimba eshinyeneyo. Gas exchange kwenzeka ngqo kwi kubo njengomqobo emoyeni-igazi yenziwa iiseli alveolar epithelial. Emva oxygenation yegazi buthathwa venules ngemithambo. amagqabi ababini emiphungeni nganye kunye intendelezo ekhohlo kwemali yayo-4 mithambo miphungeni. Ethwele igazi yodidi oluphezulu. Xa wesekethe pulmonary yokujikeleza iphela kwaye kuphuma kwegazi.

Ukubaluleka ngokobugcisa kwegazi pulmonary

isangqa Small livela phylogeny eziphilayo ziqala ukuba ikoloni ilizwe. Xa izilwanyana ezihlala emanzini kunye nokufumana zomongomoya onyibilikisiweyo angekhoyo. Evolution azidalileyo kunye nezinye ilungu zokuphefumla: imiphunga kuqala elula traheistye, uze emva koko - ezintsonkothileyo alveolar. Kwaye ke ngokufika kwemiphunga iphuhlise kwaye ejikeleza nezengekho miphungeni.

Ukusuka kule ndawo kuvele izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, ezijolise kuphunyezwa ukuchaneka kwedatha oksijini bazithathe ukuba kwizihlunu odlayo. Ukungabikho igazi ukuxuba em- le ventricles kwakhona yindlela ebalulekileyo yendaleko. Enkosi kuye, ngokuxhomekeka ezincancisayo ezinegazi elishushu neentaka zezulu. Kwakhona, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, intliziyo-zawo 4 kukuqinisekisa uphuhliso ingqondo, kuba kubadle ikota yegazi iyonke mpilo.