Isicwangciso sebali "Priemysh". DN Mamin-YaseSiberia, "Priemysh": Isishwankathelo

Xa imisebenzi uncwadi Russian kulula kakhulu ukufumana bedidekile: ngobuninzi iincwadi ezibhalwe ngababhali yaye lingenza ukudideka ezingqondweni abadala ze ekuthethwa, ngoko, kakade, kunye nabantwana abancinci. Ukuze uphephe oku, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise inkqubo yokuqulunqa izicwangciso capacious eziya kukhumbuza ngokwalo phezu iingongoma eziphambili kwembaliso. Kweli nqaku, siza thaca isicwangciso sebali "Priomysh".

Ingqalo iindlela zobuchule umbhali

Isicwangciso sebali "Priemysh" ayikwazi kunikwa ngaphandle indawo nge inkcazelo njani na ubomi umdali wayo. Kutheni Mamin-Siberia wadala imveliso efanayo? Njani inxulumene ngobomi bakhe?

Inyaniso kukuba, owazalwa ngoNovemba 1852 kwidolophana kunye negama umdla Shaitan-uxhomekeko ukuba iphondo Perm (ngoku Visim kummandla Sverdlovsk), nguDmitry Narkisovich, unyana wombingeleli wecawa, waba nomdla iincwadi beselula. Ekuqaleni, elandelwa umendo yokomoya, omncinane yam, emva efundisa Yekaterinburg zonqulo esikolweni (1866) kunye Perm Theological Seminary waqonda ukuba icawa akazi ukuba zininzi izinto esifana. Imfundo kwisikolo yokugqibela wavula isiphiwo zoncwadi; kulapha waba likhoboka kwiingcamango Herzen, Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky waza waqalisa ukuzama ngokwakhe ngokubhala nokuba ngelo xesha yayisathe buthathaka, kodwa kunjalo ngaphandle amabali inzala.

imihlobo wethamsanqa

Noko ke, yintoni na ixabiso inqaku buqu kukuba isicwangciso sebali "Priomysh"? Kusenzima ngokwenene ukude kakhulu. Emva ubomi yombhali wavele yatshintsha kumda wesangqa wayo, yaye wenza isigqibo esixhasa kuphuhliso lwabo nakwezinye imiyalelo, ngokungathi isiphelo ngokwalo ekuqaleni ukufaka etheza ezininzi kweevili.

Emva kokuphumelela sobufundisi 1871, nguDmitry waya eSt Petersburg, apho wabhalisa okokuqala le wempahla, uze emva koko kwi sebe yezonyango yale Akhademi Medical-Steel, ngoko - yiba lezifundo lendalo St. Petersburg University, ukusuka apho emva kokuba-course 2 kugqithiselwa kwikhono lezomthetho. Noko ke, apha ikamva umbhali odumileyo yaye baqalisa iingxaki ezinkulu bazenzela waziva ubunzima eziphathekayo, yempilo enkenenkene, kwakunye nophuhliso lwesifo sephepha.

Ngenxa yoko, ngowe-1877, nguDmitry wabuyela Urals lakowayo, apho ngelo xesha wafa uyise. Ukunyamekela abazalwana noodade abafuna ukufunda, amthwale ngumbhali. Ngeli xesha, emva kokuba sifudukele Yekaterinburg, umbhali inxaxheba wafunda imbali, ezoqoqosho kunye nohlobo ekhethekileyo phambene. Ukongezelela umdla kubahlali amahlathi namasimi, naye waba siqhelane abahlali kwiidolophana needolophu. Kuyinto ezi-2 ihlabathi, yaye kuza kubonakala imisebenzi elizayo umbhali kwaye iya kwakunxibelelene intambo.

Kuba okokuqala kuya kutyhilwa yingqokelela zezincoko "Ukususela Urals eMoscow." Ngeli xesha, kwazalwa Mamin ufumana Mamin-Siberia; Wathabatha ukusayina amabali abo Ndiqhelile le mbumbulu "D. YaseSiberia "kwaye nje wajoyina zezindlu igama lokugqibela ngegama zoncwadi. E Yekaterinburg, umbhali kwakhona wadibana nomfazi wakhe wokuqala, Mariey Alekseevoy.

Creativity phakathi ezibuhlungu

Ngowe-1890 nguDmitry Narkisovich umtshato nomfazi wakhe wokuqala waza wajoyina ngeqhina okwesibini nge eyahlukileyo onyuliweyo -proslavlennoy ngoxa lomculi Yekaterinburg Drama Theatre M. Abramova. Esi sibini wafudukela eSt Petersburg.

Ekugqibeleni, siza ngokubaluleka, ngokwemiqathango ekwenzeni isicwangciso sebali "Priemysh" inxalenye, siqale sithetha ngayo apho kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kwenkcazelo oko ubunzima Mamin-Siberia kuye kwenzeka ebomini bakhe. Konyaka emva kokuba umfazi umtshato umbhali intanda yakhe wafa ngexesha lokuzalwa enzima, eshiya izandla umyeni wakhe, nentombi lokugula alena. Esi siganeko yaba ngumothuko wokwenene umbhali, njengoko oko kungqinwa imbalelwano wakhe kunye nabahlobo kunye nosapho.

Yayiyintoni bayakwazi nguDmitry Narkisovich? Imfundo nokunyamekela nentombi yakhe, kunye umsebenzi, nto leyo eye yaba Umda echumayo. Kwakukho uthotho iincwadi "Tales Alenushkiny" abantwana, nto leyo eza phantsi kohlolo kwaye kweli nqaku, "Priomysh". Mamin-Siberian ezolile wahlala eSt Petersburg de 1900, wahlabela mgama ukubhala intombi yam kunye nam, wadala, phakathi kwezinye izinto, i inoveli zobungangamela "Isonka" kunye imiqulu emibini "Le Tales phambene". Noko ke, isifo sephepha kuxhaphaka uthatha inani layo. NgoNovemba, nguDmitry Narkisovich wafa, yaye emva kokuba sele wafa kwiminyaka emibini kuphela kunye nentombi yakhe alena, leyo, ukongeza kwamanye amabali ezininzi ezilungileyo, wanikezela ibali lakhe "Priomysh" Mamin-Siberian.

isishwankathelo

Indlela ukwenza isicwangciso uhlalutyo imveliso kwi? Emva ehlaziya lifutshane alupheli, njengoko kwimeko yethu, nabantu kunye nezembali, kufuneka uqabe phezulu phezu imiboniso ephambili yembali, oko kukuthi ukuba babuyele Isishwankathelo yayo Executive. Komxholo othi "Priomysha" Mamin-Sibiryak - ubudlelwane phakathi komntu ngemvelo, kuyondelelaniswe lwabo indissoluble. Oku kubonakala yokuqala kunye kumgca wokugqibela: ivula isiqephu lale umzingeli uza kutyelela umhlobo wakhe olungileyo, ukuba abalobi ulilolo endala abahlala chibi ngo kumgama kwezinye zokuhlala. Umfundi Ukhusela njengoko umbalisi-umzingeli edibana inja Sobolkov; emva ngoxa iiseyile isikhephe kwaye umnini ekuthiwa Taras, nezinto phambi dada emhlophe. Izabelo weentlanzi nomhlobo: abazali zeentaka abatsha exheliweyo fun, yaye, ke ngoko, oko - yinkedama, Priomysh, yaye wamnyamekela, ngaphandle Taras, akukho mntu.

Umfundi koko wachaza indlela utatomkhulu wakhe Bayifaka yintaka entle, emihle. Bakhonza e umphefumlo wakhe, yaye ngoko ke likhankanya uyala ukuthena 'izidalwa zikaThixo "amaphiko ukubophelela naye ngonaphakade ukuya endlwini. Kakade ke, Taras ukulahlekiswa ucinga ukuba nenkuku yamanzi uya kuhlala naye ngonaphakade, lo gama i-ntaka, emva kwamathandabuzo elide, nangoku endiza climes ezifudumeleyo kunye noogxa zomthonyama. Le umfundi ubona wayeza kunyaka olandelayo ngalo amehlo lizingela, umlobi kwakhona indlela yokubeka izinto apha endlwini. Ngenxa yoko, isicwangciso-oganogram ibali liya kuba nezi zinto 4 zilandelayo:

1. Inkangeleko nenkuku yamanzi kubomi Taras.
2. Friendship Sobolkov kunye Child Kwamkelwe.
3. Swan kunye umhlambi nabo.
4. Yokulahlekelwa kunye noMsindisi.

Thina ezichaza le ngxaki kunye umbono

Ukuba umxholo ngokucacileyo, nemifanekiso engundoqo zichazwe, lixesha ukutshintshela kwezinye iindidi ezifanelekileyo uhlalutyo le mveliso. Sibona le ngxaki, nto leyo ibonisa ukuba nesizungu kwabantu. Taras bangaya ebantwini kuhlutha iinkumbulo Priomyshe, kodwa angakwenzi, kuba uxhulumaniso umhlaba kubaluleke ngakumbi kuye ngaphezu uxhulumaniso ihlabathi kwabantu kunye ezingacacanga, kodwa umfanekiso omhle kwaye ezicocekileyo wokuqala kuyabiza ngaphezu falseness kunye artificiality yesibini. mbono ibali ukwenza ugxininiso kwingcamango kufuphi nohlobo abantu bendawo; nokuba abameli bakhe uluntu inkululeko-bothando ezikhethiweyo ububele nenkathalo, kodwa yabantu, izithuba ezivulekileyo, iintlambo, amahlathi namasimi, akuyi kufuneka abe noburhalarhume kunye nendalo ndimtshabhise naye, kuba inkululeko yakhe mhle.

Uhlahlelo bokubanga nokwakhiwa njengoko mandatory amacandelo isicwangciso somsebenzi

Eqalile bokubanga, oko kukuthi imisebenzi ilizwi babalo, ingakumbi kutyhilwa kuvuthondaba webali, oko kukuthi kwinqanaba ukhathalelo Priomysha kunye nee kwezinye weentaka, kodwa umoya esithukuthezi lusizi ingalandwa kulo lonke kwisiqwenga laphu kwendalo. Sikubona ungquzulwano efihlakeleyo olwenzeka umphefumlo umlobi. Taras zangaphakathi kunye naye, kuba yena iqhotyoshelwe kakhulu le ntaka, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, njengoko kukho umntu onamava, wayesoloko iqondwe - oko kuya kufuneka ukuba uye ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva.

Ukubunjwa imveliso "Priemysh" Mamin-aseSiberia, ingcinga engundoqo iyileyo yimfuneko sesibonelelo yaye mhlawumbi phambili buhlungu ngokweemvakalelo, kodwa uncedo, inkxaso, ubuhlobo phakathi kwendoda ummeli yehlabathi ekhethekileyo zendalo, kulula. It iqulathe iinxalenye 6:

• isandulela, apho amehlo inkosi-umzingeli ochazwe ahlala umlobi plain kunye nendlu yakhe;
• exposure, apho umfundi imilindo njenge ndoda endala ujonge ukusuka kwindlu uplyvshego nenkuku yamanzi;
• the main okuyingxenye, nto leyo ichaza ubomi ndawonye usapho, kunye Taras, kunye Sobolkov umntwana amondlayo;
• uvuthondaba, esele zikhankanywe apha ngentla;
• okuhlangana, apho umlobi wahlulwe kunye inkosi ibali ukuphuma dada kunye ndlelantle kuye;
• UYobi, elichaza umntu omdala ukubandezeleka kangakanani igcine.

Ubuchule obusisiseko yomhombiso

Phakathi iindlela eziphambili ziquka iimpawu elichaza abalinganiswa Amaqhawe umfanekiso ngokusebenzisa iintshukumo kunye nezenzo. umfanekiso Eyomelez Taras wazityhila ngakumbi ngamandla ngenxa kwebali lobuqu xa kujoliswe ongazanga ngomfanekiso iimpawu zayo lwangaphandle (mde, kunye iindevu ofuku engwevu angwevu) okanye iimpawu character (ngentlonelo, nenkathalo, ezibekile, uhlobo), kodwa indlela ukuthi kuziveza malunga bonke abangeenxa zonke kuye.

Rybak waba enobuntu izilwanyana, ngothando, ngokungathi loo mntu wathetha 'intaka smart ", yaye jikelele ukuba bahloniphe imithetho amahlathi, amachibi, imilambo, amasimi, ngenxa yokuba kuye imeko yokwenene yentlalo, athe basebenzisana rhoqo. Kwaye konke oku - phantsi kwelungiselelo elithi Taras, abo bangakwazanga ukukhumbula ngqo xa wazalwa, kodwa bathi awubonileyo ngaphezulu ngokuhlaselwa French ka-1812. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ngokutsho chronotope webali (i Yindibanisela iimpawu zexeshana kunye lweendawo), wayemalunga 90 ubudala!

Umbalisi ubudlelwane Taras

Elinye lamanqaku zokugqibela zesicwangciso inokuba zibonakalisa indlela ujonge master weentlanzi. Ukutyhubela abazingeli sengqondo umkhondo nofakelo nombhali; ke kule amandla elula kodwa enyanisekile izithethe kunye nemigaqo zabo yabantu wabona nokuqhuba zobu bomi. Akukho njengomzingeli wathetha nto bexhego njengokuba ', smart, elungileyo' abaninzi abanolwazi umdla ukuxelela namabali ahlukeneyo umntu. Kukho sengqondo esihle kakhulu umlinganiswa ophambili yomntu anikiweyo kunye nomfundi.

owakho umbono

Eli nqaku unika impendulo yombuzo zendlela yokwenza icebo. Ukuba ngenjongo yokulungiselela awo - ngakumbi ukubhala isincoko okanye impendulo enenkcukacha, ngoko ndiwufeze umsebenzi inokuba ingxelo kancinane. "Priomysh ababuyelanga Taras, yaye, nangona into yokuba umntu omdala ekugqibeleni uba nalufefe, noko kunjalo uyazi: yena ekuqaleni wenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo kuphela. Wayengazi yena, ukuba loo Swan - free njengentaka, apho kufuneka intsapho yakhe? Kodwa Umlobi ukungena uncedo xa kufuneka oko, uze ungabi zichetyiwe amaphiko ayo, enika ilungelo okugqiba ukuba yintoni na isizathu sokuba nekratshi nentlonipho "- ngumzekelo wendlela ukugqiba uhlalutyo webali.