Lake Vostok e Antarctica. Eli chibi likhulu subglacial e Antarctica

izangqa okokuqala edikeni zabhalwa ngo-1999. Ngelo xesha lweepateni ezingaqhelekanga akukho bani na ingqalelo. Loluphi uhlobo ekuhlaleni, nalapho ndivela khona?

iipateni angaqondakali ezibandayo

April 5, 2010 I-International Space Station ukusuka kubude kweekhilomitha ezili-350 yenza imifanekiso kumnandi. Abakuyo ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba umkhenkce Lake Vostok e Antarctica iye ezimbini eziprintiweyo ukuba isangqa phantse imilo egqibeleleyo. Xa imifanekiso, kuyabonakala ukuba amancinci. Kodwa bepali nganye kuzo - phantse ezine km.

Inkolelo lokuqala lwesayensi

Inyaniso ukuba khona phantsi kweengqimba ice kwiikhilomitha ezininzi ebomini, yaphakanyiswa Academician Andrei Kapitsa. Yena wachitha uphando wenyikima ndafumanisa ukuba kukho ichibi kwi siswele kumbindi Antarctica phantsi chetyrohkilometrovoy inwebu ice - ummandla m²-20 000. Oku kalishumi elikhulu ubulawuli of Monaco. Kubhaliwe ibekwe ngqo phantsi kwisikhululo uphando eSoviet. Eli chibi subglacial Vostok e Antarctica usekho omnye eemfihlelo ezininzi umdla abantu.

Ngaba bukho ubomi e Antarctica

Kweso sifundo, izazinzulu Soviet bafumanisa ukuba phantsi kwe ice ikhweyitha uzaliswe oksijini, eye imozulu yayo kunye eziphila. ukuhla ubushushu emanzini chibi +10 ... + 18 ° C, entwasahlobo kuLwandle Black. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuphela enye into - kukho ukuphila, kwaye kungunozala esinobukhulu multi-inwebu ngumkhenkce Antarctic iikhilomitha ezininzi yahlukile nantoni thina owoyamaniswe kuyo.

umncedisi subglacial

Kuba phantse engama-20, izazinzulu Russian kunye noogxa French kunye neengcali ezivela eUnited States ukufunda ichibi subglacial Vostok e Antarctica. Ukuze ufumanise ukuba baphile uhlobo eziphilayo kwizigidi zeminyaka apho, siye wadala koomatshini zothutho ezikhethekileyo subglacial - cryobot (okanye gidrorobot). Kunye Jets amanzi ashushu kufuneka sizakugrumba umngxuma 3.5 km, kwaye ke sele belinda de isithuba ngaphezu iqina. Emva koko, irobhothi sterilizes ngokwayo yaye liqhubeka kusombiwa. Linyibilike cover ice cap kwaye yehla edikeni, oko edlulisela ulwazi kumphezulu ukufunda ngakumbi.

Ukufunyanwa entsha of Lake Vostok e Antarctica

NgoMatshi 2011, xa isixhobo sokugrumba ukuba eweva kodwa mitha 120 kuphela, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwenkxaso-mali chibi ekhethekileyo e Antarctica ayeke ukufunda yaye uvale le projekthi. Kwaye nangona into yokuba kwiinyanga nje ezintandathu ngaphambili, izazinzulu ziye bebone kumnandi. Bafumanisa ukuba Lake Vostok yayingathethi kuthetha uniform ice Ukwakheka inkulu. iindawo zendalo Antarctica wadibana ne-ice ukwenza phantsi-ice siqithi. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba phantsi-ice ukwakhiwa ezi ezibuhlazarha,-ebizwa ngokuba isithuba ipokotho, apho amanzi ifikelela amanqanaba kubunzulu ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, i mphandle unique kwamanzi ka-Antarctica kwezinye iindawo kukho kubunzulu yemfundo abangaphezu kweemitha amawaka, oko kukuthi amaxesha amabini ngaphezu obekumele ngaphambili. Kodwa eyona nto ingumnqa kukuba kufutshane inxalenye kumzantsi-mpuma Lake Vostok waphawula ukuba anomaly enkulu ngemagnethi.

Polar host ichibi

Ngamanye amazwi, umntu okanye into ezimbi umaleko chetyrohkilometrovoy ngumkhenkce. Ngubani kunokubangela mgaqweni iinkcukacha ngemagnethi phantsi ngumkhenkce, izazinzulu musa kakazi. Abaphandi kakhulu ebhegini kubonisa ukuba oko ukwenza ezinye izidalwa ezikrelekrele, nobungqina, ngokoluvo lwabo, kunjalo. Antarctica ukukhululeka lwafotwa evela emajukujukwini kwiinyanga nje ezimbini emva kokuba umsebenzi uphando ekufundeni edikeni twisiseka Kumiswe. Iikopi iifoto ebonisa nezangqa phezu ekhenkcezisiweyo leengcali Lake Vostok wafunda London Research Institute. izazinzulu British ziye zihlalutywe ngocoselelo indawo Antarctic uphela macala umzimba emanzini, azinxibe phambili uguqulelo ivuso. Amanani ukuphawulwa ngaphakathi omkhenkce le, nto leyo ithetha ukuba nezangqa umkhenkce echibini unakho ngenxa yokuba ehleli phantsi kumhlathi kwamanzi unexplored impucuko ehamba abonakale. Mhlawumbi phantsi kwamanzi unayo nayiphi na isiseko, yaye oku kuya uyavuma, kuyinto eyenzekayo umdla kakhulu. Uluntu uyazi ngaphantsi malunga ezinzulwini neelwandle ngaphezu phezu komhlaba kwenyanga. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ukuba isifundo iplanethi yethu ixesha elide.

lubizwa Antarctica

izazinzulu Russian kunye uluvo oogxa bakhe baseBritani bungayelelani. Bakholelwa ukuba indawo ukufota ukusuka Space Antarctica, ngeepateni yayo angaqondakali edikeni - oko ungalandeli impucuko kwamanzi, kodwa nje ezingathandekiyo endalo, yaye kwasekwa ngokucinezela undercurrents ezishushu. Iingcali zithi xa emazantsi edikeni apho ubomi onengqondo, babeya kuyazi kwakudala. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba oku kunjalo kwakunye kunye izangqa emasimini zehlabathi, bathi, na umsebenzi womntu. Umntu falsifies ngqo imizobo ezinjalo, yaye abanye bathi kubo uhlobo zobugcisa lwanamhlanje. Kukholelwa ukuba iimpawu zemozulu ezifana Antarctica wabangela, umzekelo, utshintsho olwenzekileyo luncinane kakhulu lobushushu. Ngapha koko, kwisigaba kunye isangqa - ukuba ifomu zendalo, eziveliswa bebodwa kwindalo. Chetyrohkilometrovye izangqa phezu komhlaba edikeni subglacial Antarctic ngokwenene kuba ezinye kwizimanga zendalo, ukuba akukho namnye kodwa. Iindawo zemveli Antarctica abantu abanjalo ukuba polynya kuyilwa, kufuneka ngokoqobo iqatsele - kodwa umthetho physics. Kodwa kwiindawo apho le mifuziselo yeenyawo twisiseka, ice ubukhulu ufikelela ukude kangangeekhilomitha ezintathu zifunyenwe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-lesayensi ayaziwa, akukho impembelelo efihlakeleyo ezinokuthi othile ukhukuliseka i ice ashinyeneyo.

Into esiyaziyo the South Pole

zika Geographical Antarctica ezimiselwe indawo yayo ephezulu, ekapa cipher (63 ° 14'S. W., Yaye 57 ° 11 's. D.). Le ilizwekazi ngaloo nabanye imiphezulu ze zomhlaba. Xa ndawo, i-Antarctic ifaniswa kwilizwekazi South American. Zonke iinkqubo kunye iindlela umkhenkce 'kwanezilo "uthintelwe yi kwazo enkulu kunye ice amasimi. Ebusika, ukufikelela kwilizwekazi womkhenkce akunakwenzeka. Ngaphandle moss kunye ulele, akukho nto ngakumbi ukuze zikhule. Constant isivunguvungu imimoya ebandayo le lizwekazi morzly phantse akunakwenzeka ukuhlalwa ngabantu. Zonke izibonelelo ebalulekileyo basaseleyo abemi balo (polar) inkxaso evela emhlabeni nomsinga. Le nokusengwa kwemithombo yobutyebi yendalo, intsingiselo kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo emkhosini, ngokwesivumelwano yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuba ngqongqo akuvumelekanga kwilizwekazi. Antarctica akakwazi ngamalungu nabani na. Kodwa ngonyaka ngamnye phezulu esemazantsi kumphezulu womhlaba zithunyelwa iinqanawa, iinqwelomoya matutu zenzululwazi polar omtsha ukuba abe imisebenzi ethile. Into abayifunayo kunye imilambo yokuzimela kunye namachibi Antarctica?

Uphuhliso kwilizwekazi polar

July 1, 1957 kumazwe amathandathu anesixhenxe ziye uvumile ukwenza uphando lobunzululwazi kwinkqubo olunye lonke jikelele. Yaba umfuniselo ibonwe. Oko yaqala i ekhubekisayo omkhulu Antarctica. Ezilishumi elinesithathu iinqanawa bathontelana ukuya Ugu. ilizwe ngalinye kwafuneka ukuba kwakhiwe isikhululo kwi ubusika ezimiselwe ngokungqongqo kwicandelo lakhe. ESoviet Union ndafumana isabelo phakathi 80 ne-105 nakwiside mpuma. I-flagship weSoviet umkhankaso diesel nqanawa yokuqala yombane 'ba "wafika apha ngoJanuwari ngenyanga 1956. bamazwe Soviet polar kuqala wabona Antarctica. Interesting nto: ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba iqondo lobushushu eqhaqhazelisa on Earth yabhalwa kanye kule ndawo kwisikhululo "Vostok". Apha May 21, 1983 polar meteorology ebhalisiweyo degrees -128,56 qhwa, okanye -89,2 Celsius.

Livakale yehlabathi ezafunyanwa ezingaqhelekanga

Ukuvulwa bamazwe Russian polar waphazamiseka kakhulu lonke uluntu lwezenzululwazi ngamazwe. Ngakumbi ngenyameko iziganeko hambo ngeenxa Lake Vostok e Antarctica balandela ichthyologists kunye bejewellery. Emanzini kwiisampuli ezithathwe kwi kubunzulu yeemitha 4000, safumana imizila zegolide nangaziwayo kwinzululwazi ngentlanzi ngokoqobo ingabizwa segolide.

amanzi Golden of Antarctica

Xa nokuphakamisa umphakathi ice evela Lake Vostok, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa kuwo, enyanisweni, i-metal igolide. Micro-ecacicleyo ukufunda ice namanzi, i-ice ichibi ekhethekileyo wabonisa ukuba lexinene uyondelelwano lwee- ion zegolide kuzo yi-80%. Oko kukuthi, kuvela ukuba okukule ion zegolide emanzini lihambisana ingot yegolide sample-700-th. Enye into kukuba lo metal emanzini ingohlobo eziphilayo, kwaye ngeliso lenyama kuba nzima ukubona. Enye yeengxaki ezingundoqo uphando puzzle polar ngamanzi engenazintsholongwane apho ubumdaka kangaka metal elibhaqiweyo. Kukho uluvo lokuba Lake Vostok igolide-yokuhlala ngobukhulu, kwaye imifanekiso yesathelayithi iqinisekisiwe. Ridge, equlathe inclusions metal anqabileyo, inokuba nokuqhubekeka yam ehamba Yanokocha (Yanococha), oluvela kwi-South American Andes, emdeni weRiphabliki Peru. core Uqikelelo igolide-polar kumafa yemizimba yethu ayikho iyunifomu. Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo inclusions zawo zesinyithi anqabileyo abe isakhiwo eyahlukileyo eziphilayo. I-South Pole ukho kule ngqiqo kubonakala nje umazibuthe isikali-langa. Kubonakala ukuba inxalenye iintsimbi igolide axutywe ubunzima ngamanzi kwinqanaba le kwe- eziphilayo. Ukususela ihlabathi ngaphandle Lake Vostok e Antarctica ivaliwe ngokupheleleyo ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze ngumkhenkce, ngoko amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka, umxholo intsimbi elixabisekileyo akakwazi ukubaleka naphi na. Gcina obu butyebi basemhlabeni kwiibhanki oluthembekileyo ekhuselekileyo vehicles, ngezantsi nje "East" isikhululo Russian. Antarctica, i-East (Lake) - indawo yezenzululwazi. It asisiso naliphi na ilizwe. Kodwa ngoku aliqela kumazwe kubonisiwe ezindaweni zabo: bafuna ukwamkelwa ubutyebi ukuba izazinzulu Russian Simfumene.

Izikhokeli kwihlabathi subglacial

Esiyicingayo yayikukuba Lake Vostok e Antarctica uya kumiwa. izazinzulu into-polar engaqhelekanga Ndimfumene kwenye zesampulu iisampulu umkhenkce, ezizezi, isikali, abanye bengazi inzululwazi ubuntu yeentlanzi. Izazinzulu ngokungekho bawabize zegolide, ibe yinyaniso leyo. metal Precious, uyapheliswa kumanzi enzonzobila, lugubungela ngokupheleleyo le ntlanzi maleko qembu ezibhityileyo. Xa esikalini ubungakanani, lesi sihlahla polar linobude malunga asithoba cm. Le ukufunyanwa unique Antarctic kungatshintsha inzululwazi yonke ezisisiseko. Kuba sobala ukuba tale ezingamashumi amabini ananye ekhulu iintlanzi igolide isekhona. Thina kuphela Siyathemba ukuba usahleli kwaye ongazange alahlekelwe amandla ayo yanendumasi engaka kwaye igudileyo ukwenza nayiphi na iminqweno yabantu ...

uhlobo polar Riddle

Usekho umbuzo evulekileyo malunga eneminyaka Lake Vostok. Ubuncinane 400 000, yaye mhlawumbi kwesigidi. Njani ukuba bavela? Ngokutsho hypothesis lokuqala kunobunye multikilometer ice kunye komhlaba. Waqalisa ukunyibilika, kwaye ice evela uxinzelelo oluphezulu emanzini kubushushu ephantsi, ngokomthetho obizwa. Hypothesis yesibini icebisa ukuba ichibi subglacial ebesoloko. Noko ke, xa iqatsela, ilizwekazi lususwa esibondeni busongelwe uqweqwe lomkhenkce. Kangangamawaka eminyaka, oko ayinabantu ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi umoya obandayo.

yeengcinga Scientific and olunye kwesayensi

Yintoni eyenza la impucuko ehlabathini uphando Antarctic? Iinzululwazi zizibiza ezi ziphumo ubomi komhlaba kwi iintsholongwane eMhlabeni. Ukuba olunye kuhlolisiswa edikeni zibonisa ukuba akukho ubomi, oko kuya kunika ubhaqo ebalulekileyo. Ekubeni lo niche lokuqala eziphilayo apho Ubomi kunokwenzeka virus. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, isifundo kuya kuba luncedo ukuba ukukhangela ubomi komhlaba kwezinye izijikelezi, umkhenkce, ezifana eYurophu, le inyanga kaZeyus.