IVeranda izitena ngezandla zakhe: inyathelo imiyalelo step, iinketho umdla kunye neziphakamiso

Ukuba ufuna ukwakha i uyilo bomelele yaye yanyamezela yahlala ithuba elide ngasevarandeni, kungcono ukusebenzisa isitena. Umsebenzi onjalo kakhulu kungenzeka ukuba afeze ngaphandle koncedo abakhi lobungcali.

Isidingo alungiselelwe

IVeranda ngezitena okanye nayiphi na enye into ekunokuthiwa omnye weyona milenze ibaluleke gqitha yaye eziyimfuneko ukwakha nayiphi na injongo. Kunokuba ukwakha umbandela esinye nesi sisetyenziswa kwi ekwakheni kumgangatho ongaphantsi kwesakhiwo. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise izitena ukwenzela izitena namatye kunye nezindlu. Namhlanje kukho iintlobo ezininzi yezitena, babe nokunika imibala kwaye abe nobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Products Akukho nzima ukuba pick up, kodwa mababe ukulingana ngaphandle kwesakhiwo.

Iingcali bacetyiswa ukuba basebenzise izitena yodongwe, njengoko zibonelela eside eliphezulu. Ukuba ufuna isakhiwo bakhonza amashumi eminyaka, kuyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa projekthi kwaye wenze umzobo. Kukho imithetho, leyo yaleza ukubambelela, ezifana amanyathelo ukuba ibe banzi emnyango okhokelela egumbini ephilileyo, amaxesha 1.5-1.8. Ukuphakama isakhiwo pad kufuneka ilingane isiphelo 0,15 ukuya 0.2 m. Kulo mzekelo, iyivaranda akuyi kuwa imvula inokuqokelelana kumphezulu wayo.

Ukwakha nevaranda eyenziwe ngezitena, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kwakhona into yokuba balo babulingana nesandla kufuneka ube malunga 0.1 m. Yokuzalisa imisebenzi kufuneka wenziwe kunye nesisombululo eziphathekayo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Qiniseka ukwenza isiseko eziphathekayo, isebenzisa i ingqushu oluqhelekileyo.

I-engile ukutyekela amanyathelo

Emva ukusebenzisa concrete ifihle 15-cm screed lwesamente. Ukuze ukuba umntu ukhwela oko lula, kuyimfuneko ukwenza amanqanaba echanekileyo icala. Kunconywa, nokujikeleza ubungakanani ziyahluka ukusuka 2.8 ukuya 3,2 °. Ngamanzi icala uya kumpompoza ukusuka manyathelo, hayi izadunge ukwakha. Amanyathelo kufuneka kukulayinisha amaqela amacandelwana, kwaye ungasebenzisa uhlobo okhethekileyo. Kungenjalo, wesiphaluka monolithic isetshenziswe, kanti formwork lwenziwa ukusuka iibhodi. Ubude olucetyiswayo lwe sigaba kukuba phakathi kwe-12 ne-15 cm.

izixhobo Ukulungiselela kunye nezinto

Ukuba ubuya ivumelane nevaranda kwindlu yabucala ngezitena ngezandla zakhe, kubalulekile phambi kokuqala ukulungiselela izixhobo kunye nezixhobo, kuquka:

• primer;
• abalwazi nemivalo;
• njengentlabathi;
• zingangenwa;
• leke;
• isamente;
• nesimbo paste.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufuneka: umhlakulo, tile, ngenkcenkce, inqanaba isakhiwo, kwakunye lubuyisela ukuxuba.

ekubekeni isisekelo

Kuyimfuneko ukuba baqale ukwakha kunye ibalulekileyo - isiseko. Ubunzulu yayo evarandeni kufuneka ncam ubunzulu isiseko sendlu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iziseko kwesakhiwo, zinevaranda siyohlala.

Ukuba ngaba umisela oku iziseko kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, nto iqala ukwakha phakathi kwabo isithuba ukuba ekugqibeleni kuba unobangela ukutshatyalaliswa izakhiwo. Ukubeka isiseko phantsi neveranda isitena kuyimfuneko algorithm ethile. Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala ziphawulwe kwi zejometri parameters kwingingqi kwesiseko komhlaba. Ezi imisebenzi yenziwa kusetyenziswa iiphegi zomthi, okusetyenziselwa isicelo wandise. Okulandelayo, umngxuma kugrunjwa ze kwakheka kwi yokumakisha ehokweni nokuqinisa. Kuba oku kuyimfuneko Stock igridi kwizinti, icandelo umnqamlezo apho 1 sentimitha. Kufuneka ubeke macala isiseko kwaye ngaphezu komhlaba kwisiza kufuneka enze kwi-10 cm.

Ngaba badlule isicombululo ekubunjweni isigaba emajukujukwini ekwakusetyenzwa ukusuka ilitye nakhandiweyo, nesanti isamente ratio kwezi zinto ziquka: 4: 1: 2. Xa nevaranda eyenziwe ngezitena, emva agalele isicombululo kufuneka ukuba ulinde malunga ezine iiveki, de mxube womile. Ehlotyeni le nqanaba kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezili-14. Wakuba waqinisekisa ukuba isiseko bubambene kakuhle, ungasoloko ukusebenza.

Ukwakhiwa kwevaranda

Izitena zifakwa kwi grout zesamente nesanti, leyo zilungiswe ngendlela ngokomlinganiselo we-1 ukuya ku-4 Noko ke, kuqala kwiinto zonke, eziyimfuneko ukuze anyamekele lwesakhiwo ukhuseleko esihle ibingenakunyakama. Zingangenwa elenziwe nophahla waziva, leyo ayibizi kunye nezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu, lukhuselwe kakuhle nokubhenca emanzini. Zingangenwa kubekwa isiseko ngokwemaleko ezimbini. Inyathelo elilandelayo liya kuba ukufakela nevaranda ngomoya omnye, lo uyilo ilula kakhulu. Kweli nqanaba yokwakha zilungiswe ngokusebenzisana ababedume. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukugqiba umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Xa inani kuyilo unilateral manqanaba ziya kuxhomekeka ukuphakama le chap, oko limnqakathi.

Indlela yomsebenzi

Ukuba ugqiba ukwakha nevaranda eyenziwe ngezitena ngezandla zakhe, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuxuba isisombululo ngokuchwetheza umxube kunye spatula, waza wasibeka kwicala kunye nomzantsi lezitena niya kulirhola. I Umqolo wokuqala uya kwenza isigaba sokuqala. Umgca wesibini ibekwa emva kokuba licinezelwe nxamnye amanqaku swi gingci kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Amanyathelo yesithathu elandela ziyenziwa yi inkqubo efanayo. Isakhiwo iziphumo kufuneka kusala malunga kweveki, ngelo xesha lo mxube kufuneka wome kakuhle.

Abanye abantu bazama ukuba lula le nkqubo, wazibeka phezu kujikelezo kwevaranda imikrozo emibini okanye emithathu izitena, isithuba ngenxa uzele nesisombululo. Indleko yale misebenzi iya kuba ngaphantsi, njengoko ukuntsonkotha lo msebenzi. Ekugqibeleni, Noko ke, akusoloko kusenzeka ukuba uyilo enomtsalane ebonakalayo. Lidla amanyathelo izitena yakhiwa indlela eyahlukileyo Ngenxa iindonga zibelekwe zakhiwe, yaye emva kokusekwa inyathelo. iya kuxoxwa kamva kule buchwepheshe.

Enye indlela isisombululo evarandeni izitena

Zinevaranda kwindlu yabucala izitena nga kwakhelwa yesinye ubugcisa. Ukuba ngaba awunayo i-ngokuthanda le ndlela apho zombini zigaba zibekwe kunye clutch kakhulu, kusenokuba linyathelo lokuqala ukwakha udonga icala. Imveliso yokuqala efakwe ngendlela jikelele, ngelilixa ngezitena kunye nezintya amandla uthotho zilandelayo luqala iikota ezintathu. Phakathi imiqolo ingenamthungo ukuba kuyilwa, ogama ubukhulu na mm ezilishumi.

Top ukuba amaziko kwakhiwa kufuneka ibe kwindawo ngqo, inxenye ukhuko elisezantsi ziya kusetyenziselwa ingqokelela isigaba nevaranda. Inyathelo elilandelayo iya grouting phakathi izitena, zazo ezinjalo yenziwa ngexesha xa isisombululo nangoku yazinziswa ekrwada, kodwa balawulwa kancinane. Kweli nqanaba, siya kucinga ukuba iindonga zakhelwe, unako ngoku uqale ukugcwalisa sigaba. Ngokuba lo iplanga iseti formwork kunye nefom iibhodi kufuneka kufana amanyathelo uqwalaselo.

Okulandelayo kwakhiwa lokudlala, le chap ekwakuthululwa emhlabeni, ekufuneka itywiniweyo kakuhle. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo kubalulekile ukwenza kwithambeka site, kufuneka ukutshatisa kwithambeka kweqonga.

Iingcebiso ngomsebenzi

Ukuba ucinga ukuba ukwenza njani evarandeni ngezitena, kubalulekile ukuba ucinge kwakhona malunga ngemfuneko wezifundo, kuba imivalo elibhalwe ngokuqhelekileyo kumgama ukusuka kwenye nenye-15 cm, nemivalo kufuneka sibe necandelo cross-6 mm. Lo mxube ikhonkrithi kufuneka anikwe imilo oyifunayo ngokuzibeka kwi iibhodi inyathelo shuttering elidlulileyo. Inqanaba lokuqala ibhuqiwe anikhuphe kwindawo kugunyaziso ngokutsha amalungu ukuba welding. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, obuphalazelwe igrabile, wayibeka kwigridi, uze kwakhona wathulula luhlalu. Uyilo izaliswe grout.

Zikumgca wesibini yezitena kufuneka zibekwe ngendlela yokuba bakwazi ukwenza amanqanaba kwesibini. Ngale kokuba kuthathwe ukuba umsebenzi sele ugqityiwe, umphezulu unako oblitsevat iithayile, iimveliso amatye okanye izinto ngumntu.

Le bokuqonda umsebenzi

Xa wongezelela nevaranda ukuya endlwini izitena, kufuneka ukuba bamakishe eludongeni selayini, nto leyo eya kuba inkosi kwiimveliso nokupaka. Oku kuya kwenza uyilo ithe tye kwaye iflethi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuphakama inyathelo lokuqala ibalwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo zokwandlala isanti kunye ithayile, ngoko ke kufuneka ibe phezulu kunabanye. Ukuba ukuphatha bafake ibhloko enamagumbi, kuyimfuneko ukwenza njalo, kodwa ke kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuba ukusebenzisa le ndlela ayikasebenzi, ngokuba ukuphakama iphantsi kakhulu phakathi manqanaba.

Kwangaxeshanye, uyakwazi ukubeka udonga icala ukuze kuyinyusela umgangatho. Eseleyo emva kokugqitywa iiyunithi kucetyiswa ukuba walala esisekweni amanyathelo, kuya kuzalisa isithuba kwaye ukulahla zezixhobo zokwakha kwemfuneko.

Ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe nevaranda eyenziwe ngezitena, kufuneka ucinge iza kusetyenziswa uhlobo eziphathekayo. Ukujamelana zodaka ukuze ukuphumeza kuzo zonke izigaba zokwenziwa komsebenzi kubhetele ukuba isicelo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uyilo uya kukhangela okulungileyo, iya zaqina ngokuhamba kwexesha.

zinika umdla

Izitena kwevaranda inokubonakala nobu-, kodwa ezinye iingcibi bazama ukuyenza yokuqala. Ngenxa yoko, i ingcamango umdla kukuba ukwenza umyalelo, inxalenye engentla leyo wenziwe ngekhonkrithi yesamente, ngoxa iindawo icala ukuze ngokufulelwa izitena zokuhombisa. Kulo mzekelo, inkqubo angalahlekelwa iimpawu amandla; imbonakalo yawo iya kuba nomtsalane. Nevaranda indlu yabucala yezitena singakhiwa ubuchwepheshe ngasentla, kodwa makongeze kuso izinyeliso ezintle intsimbi okusebenzileyo nokukhanya. Kulo mzekelo, emnyango wendlu uya kukhangela amisiweyo.