Indlela ukunciphisa uxinzelelo: iindlela nezixhobo

Kufuneka wazi ukuba ehlise indlela ombane kwisekethe ukuthintela umonakalo izixhobo zombane. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba nezindlu ezifanele oogesi ababini - nesigaba zero. Oku kuthiwa womnatha ezi-. phase-Ezintathu lunqabe ezisetyenziswa kwicandelo kwaye multi-usapho emakhayeni abantu. Imfuneko yokuba ukuba uyenze, ngenxa yokuba zonke izixhobo esebenzisa AC ezi-yangoku. Kodwa ngokwawo kufuneka iteknoloji ukwenza uguqulo - ukuthoba AC ombane, uyayiguqulela ibe esisigxina, uguqule awo kunye nezinye iimpawu. Kuyinto la mathuba kwaye kufuneka ingqalelo.

ombane Ukuncipha usebenzisa abaguquli

Eyona ndlela ilula - kukusebenzisa i sombane lombane eyenza ukuguqulwa. I-primary liwe iqulathe inani elikhulu amagophe ngaphezu ezizisekondari. Ukuba kukho imfuneko yokuba ukunciphisa ombane amaxesha kabini okanye kathathu, kwaye ayinakusetyenziswa Ikhoyili yesibini. I-primary transformer jiko isetyenziswa njengento nomabi ezenza (ukuba naziphi bend kuyo). Xa zasendlini ziyasetyenziswa abaguquli, kunye engathi zasesekondari de-akukhuthalele 5, 12 okanye 24 volts.

Le yeyona ezisetyenziswa lamaxabiso zasendlini mihla. kwiminyaka 20-30 edlulileyo uninzi yobonelelo wamandla ombane isixhobo 9 volt. A shini ityhubhu kunye msindo kwakufuna ombane rhoqo 150-250 V kunye AC ukuya zixhobo 6.3 (ezinye izibane isuka 12.6). Ngoko ke, lo sombane zasesekondari ngokubhijela iquka inani elifanayo amathuba njengendlela yokuqala. Iteknoloji, zisetyenziswa kakhulu unikezelo inverter amandla (as in unikezelo mbane computer), uyilo lwabo iquka inyathelo-uhlobo sombane, oko ineenkalo ezincinane kakhulu.

A ehlukanisayo ombane phesheya inductor

Inductance - a sobhedu coil inxeba (idla) kwi ucingo yesinyithi okanye engundoqo ferromagnetic. Sombane - yinto uhlobo inductor. Ukuba esuka embindini ephambili kwemicimbi ukwenza imali, oko kuya kuba elilingana ombane phakathi kwabo kunye nezigqibo ezinzima. Kwaye iya kulingana isiqingatha ombane unikezelo. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, ukuba sombane ngokwayo yenzelwe ukusebenza ngale ombane ethile ubonelelo.

Kodwa unako ukusebenzisa ohlobo ezininzi (umzekelo, ukuthatha mabini), ukudibanisa nabo series zifakiwe kwi-network AC. Ukwazi ixabiso inductance, kulula ukwenza ukubalwa izehlo phezu kwabo;

1. U (L1) = U1 * (L1 / (L1 + L2)).
2. U (L2) = U1 * (L2 / (L1 + L2)).

Kwezi fomyula, L1 kunye L2 - inductance le spools lokuqala nolo lukwizinga lesibini, U1 - mbane ombane e volts, U (L1) kunye U (L2) - imenyu ombane yonke inductors lokuqala nolwesibini ngokulandelelanayo. Lo mzobo leesekethe nomabi ezinjalo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu izixhobo.

capacitors ehlukanisayo

Iskimu ethandwa kakhulu kusetyenziselwa ukuzinciphisa ixabiso AC supply. Sebenzisa kwi DC akakwazi, njengokuba capacitor, ngenxa theorem ka Kirchhoff, i-DC ikhonkco - lo msantsa. Ngamanye amazwi, le ezikhoyo uya kugquma. Kodwa a reactance, kwaye uyakwazi ukucima indlela ombane ngethuba lokusebenza kwi-AC capacitor wesekethe. Ehlukanisayo wesiphaluka efana kwanoko kwenziwe ezichazwe ngasentla, kodwa endaweni inductances zisetyenziswa condensers. Ukubala kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa fomyula ilandelayo:

1. ukumelana capacitor lovukelo: X (C) = 1 / (2 * 3,14 * f * C).
2. Ukuhla ombane lonke C1: U (C1) = (C2 * U) / (C1 + C2).
3. Ukuhla ombane lonke C2: U (C1) = (C1 * U) / (C1 + C2).

Apha, C1 no-C2 - capacitors, U - ombane mbane, f - amaza yangoku.

resistors ehlukanisayo

Le nkqubo ifana kakhulu engaphambili, kodwa ezisetyenziswa yi resistors ezisisigxina. Indlela yokubala ye-nomabi yahluke kancinane ukusuka ngentla. Scheme ingasetyenziswa zombini kwiisekethe AC and DC. Sinokuthi ukuba bonke. Unga sebenzisa oku ukuba ukuqokelela buck ombane Converter. Calculation ukuhla lonke resistor ngalinye yenziweyo fomyula ilandelayo:

1. U (R1) = (R1 * U) / (R1 + R2).
2. U (R2) = (R2 * U) / (R1 + R2).

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe caveat mnye: ixabiso ukumelana umthwalo kufuneka imiyalelo 1-2 ziwe ngaphantsi kunolo resistors ukwabela. Kungenjalo, ukuchaneka le ndlela yokubala iza kuba kwakunzima kakhulu.

Practical umbane yesekethe: sombane

Ukukhetha sombane lwamandla, kuya kufuneka wazi iinkcukacha ezingundoqo ezithile:

1. abasebenzisi Power abafuna ukudibanisa.
2. Ixabiso le ombane mbane.
3. Ixabiso le ombane ayinqwenelayo secondary jiko.

Ukuze abale inani amathuba kweli coil zaseprayimari, kufuneka 50 umahlule ngo kummandla ongundoqo. Eli candelo cross ibalwa ifomula:

S = 1,2 * √P1.

A amandla P1 = P2 / ukusebenza. Ukusebenza nesiguquli soze kuba mkhulu 0.8 (okanye 80%). Ngoko ke, xa kubalwa ixabiso eliphezulu ithathwa - 0.8.

Amandla secondary kwemicimbi:

P2 = U2 * I2.

Ezi data ziyafumaneka ngokungagqibekanga, ngoko ukwenza ubalo ayikho nzima. Nantsi indlela yokunciphisa ombane volts-12 usebenzisa sombane. Kodwa loo nto bonke: zombane enikwe ngoku ngqo, kunye neziphumo ze-secondary emajikojiko - nokuxuba. Kufuneka ukwenza utshintsho ezimbalwa kakhulu.

iibhloko beesekethe Supply: a rectifier kunye lokucoca ulwelo

Okulandelayo kukuba baguqula AC ukuya DC. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ilight semiconductor okanye ibandla. Uhlobo elula rectifier i diode enye. wabiza enye enesiqingatha-ngumtshangatshangiso. Kodwa lonikezelo ubuninzi yafunyanwa wesekethe ibhulorho, nto leyo evumela kuphela yokulungisa alternating current, kodwa lokuyigxotha le yama- ubuninzi. Kodwa circuit converter olunjalo engaphelelanga, njengoko icandelo ezahlukeneyo omnye semiconductor diode akuthethi balahle. A transformer step-phantsi ombane 220 ungakwazi ukuguqula le ombane AC eziya kwi-frequency efanayo, kodwa kwixabiso elincinane.

capacitors Electrolytic zisetyenziswa izinto igunya izihluzi. Ngokutsho theorem Kirchhoff kaThixo, onjalo capacitor kwisekethe AC yi umqhubi naxa ukusebenza ngesantya esingaguqukiyo - discontinuity. Ngako oko, icandelo rhoqo kuya kumpompoza ngokukhululekileyo, yaye variable ziza kuvalwa phezu ngokwayo, ke ngoko, akuyi kudlula kule lokucoca ulwelo. Lula nokuthembeka - oku iimpawu ezi izihluzi. Kwakhona, kwa oku komelela kunye inductance ingasetyenziselwa smoothing pulsations. ezakhiwe afanayo usetyenziswa generator ngomatshini.

lawulo ombane

Wena baye bafunda ukunciphisa indlela ombane ukuya kwinqanaba elifunekayo. Ngoku kufuneka ukuba ngcono. Ukulungiselela le njongo, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo - ode zener, ezenziwe lesilicon. Bona efakwe kwi DC unikezelo lwamandla kwimveliso. Umgaqo msebenzi kukuba semiconductor unako ukutsiba zinamandla athile, esaleleyo aguqulwa abe bubushushu kwaye anikwe kwi radiator emoyeni. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba umbane we volts-15, kwaye somfanekiso kwi-12, uya kuphoswa kuyo kangangoko ufuna. A umahluko ilungu-3 kuya shushu (umthetho nokulondolozwa kwamandla iyasebenza).

isiphelo

Uyilo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo - Regulator inyathelo-phantsi ombane, wenza iinguqu ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, lo ombane umgca aguqulwa kwi DC kunye asetyenziswa rhoqo (ukuya kwi-50 000 Hz). Oku izinzisiwe kwaye inikezelwa nesiguquli ukubetha. Ngaphezu koko kukho uguqulo kukuguqula le ombane yokusebenza (AC okanye ezincinane ephumelelayo). Ngokusetyenziswa itshintshela ngekhompyutha (thyristor), amandla ombane ayi DC is kuguquka AC nge frequency ezifunekayo (in uthungelwano kwilizwe lethu - 50 Hz).