Inkwili Soviet K-129: unobangela wokufa

Hayi kudala komabonakude Russian umboniso kwaphuma osihloko sithi "Usizi ngwenya K-129". Mfanekiso kubekwe documentary waza wathetha ngeziganeko buhlungu ukuba zabanjwa ngoMatshi 1968. "Project" Azorian "" - ngoko ngokuba umsebenzi ngasese, apho kamva baba ithathwa njengenye yezona engasi Cold War. Kanye ngelo Navy yaseUnited States kufika emazantsi olwandle nechibi inkwili kwiSoviet K-129.

Kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ukufa ngwenya, mhlawumbi, akazange ingaqhelekanga. Kumntla yamanzi Pacific amanxiwa edume kakhulu kwimbali ii nkwili. Kangangexesha elide, ingcaciso ngezi ziganeko yahlala iyimfihlo, nkqu ndawo ngqo apho lagxila, cwaka. Khawucinge nje: a inkwili omkhulu wenyukliya yaphela, yabulala asithoba anesibhozo amagosa Soviet.

arhente intelligence US, kunye nezixhobo ezininzi izinto ezintsha, wakwazi ukufumana isikhephe kwaye bahlole Kwiiveki ezimbini zokuqala emva kweso sehlo. Kwaye ku Agasti 1974, K-129 efika ukuya ezantsi.

prehistory

1968 nje sele iqalile, iyadi yaba frosty Februwari. Akukho kwakungekho zimpawu inkathazo, ngaphandle uthumo ezayo kwafuneka Kwathi cwaka ngaphandle kwesiganeko. Emva koko ziko lomkhosi kunxweme ena waya kuhambo yayo yokugqibela umsebenzi imida ukugada inkwili K-129. imijukujelwa ezithathu ballistic, iperi torpedoes kwi intlawulo enyukliya - inqanawa ehamba waba inamandla, kwaye yalila - an onamava esebenzayo. Wayalela ngwenya Kobzar V. I. - umthetheli abakuluhlu yokuqala. Le ndoda ngezantya shutter ezahlukeneyo, amava enkulu kunye nesimo sengqondo kakhulu.

Kufuneka ke ukuba ngeli xesha lokuhamba ye ngwenya phantse akukho ixesha lokuphumla emva kohambo olude ngokusebenzisa babeziindleko kwezilwandle. Kule dolophu phantsi kwegama engaqhelekanga Amaxhama Guba ngwenya kufika kutshanje. ukulungiswa ngokucokisekileyo ekufuneka yenziwe, kwenziwa ibingeyiyo, kwaye qela ukwimeko odandathekileyo, abakwazi njengoko kuyimfuneko lokuphumla emva swimming elide kunye yindinisa. Kodwa ke kwakungekho ukuzikhethela, zonke ezinye ngwenya engalungiswanga ukuba umsebenzi ngakumbi, kuba umyalelo we K-129 musa ukubuza imibuzo emininzi kakhulu, kodwa usaye ukuba balihambahambe emdeni. Ukongeza ngwenya lalibekwe enomjukujelwa esimbaxa D-4, nto leyo ethetha ukuba bongamile ezinye iinqanawa. Hi ndlela leyi, uninzi lwamagosa abasebenzi zakhutshwa ekhefini, abanye bade wemka eRashiya, abuyela ekhaya ikhefu. Hlanganisa iqela esebenzayo alimwi ngokupheleleyo akuphumelelanga. Kodwa ke, njengoko siyazi, abo bantu ukuba babengekho iintlawulo ngokoqobo wasindisa ubomi bam.

Yonke into engahambanga kakuhle

Kwakungekho nto, kwafuneka ukuba umntu lo umyalelo usebenzisa abantu abakhonza kwezinye iinqanawa, nkqu uchwetheze ophetheyo wabaqalayo yokuqubha. Yonke into engahambanga kakuhle ukususela kwimihla yokuqala izityholo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba zomkhosi umyalelo isiseko kwakungafanelanga ugqibile kuluhlu crew, ingqinisiswe umthetheli itywina emkhombeni, yaye eneneni V. I. Kobzar wayesaziwa eligcwele yakhe. Uxwebhu waqalisa ukuba ingaze ngamaphepha xa ntlekele yenzeke, kodwa akayifumana. Oku alwaziwa yokungakhathali, nje kuba apho wenqanawa ukuba! Yexhama Guba odumileyo ngenxa yokuba kwakukho iingcali, ezona kwishishini. Kodwa ...

Wesibhozo March ukusuka inkwili esisekweni kwafuneka ukuba kuza umqondiso elifutshane, ekubeni yayiyimini kwabutshintsha indlela, oko inkqubo eqhelekileyo. Kodwa icebo, loo mini alarm esemsebenzini. Umthetheli abakuluhlu yokuqala wawungenako ukuvumela mpazamo enjalo.

qala uphendlo

I K-129 inkwili nje nabo ngenxa yokuba yonke imikhosi zathunyelwa khangela ngenxa yakhe, yonke wayenothotho ena kunye ngenqwelomoya ziye ubesoloko ethatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yokukhangela. Inkwili wabonisa akukho zimpawu zokuphila. Emva kweeveki ezimbini zomsebenzi engenasiqhamo i-Pacific Fleet USSR waqonda ukuba inqanawa akukho ngakumbi. Ngelo xesha, ezitsalwa ingxolo kunomathotholo, ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwaye abanomdla US emkhosini. Kwakhona bafumana iingwengwezi olunamafutha phezu komhlaba ngamaza olwandle. Uhlalutyo yale wabonisa ukuba ngenene ulwelo elanga, nto leyo eye eEdeni le ngwenya eSoviet.

Ngelo xesha, iindaba bothuka lonke uluntu ehlabathini. Alithoba nesibhozo amagosa nesibindi Soviet, oomatiloshe abanamava, abantu abatsha; ngokuba lowo le nokuhamba umngeni wokuqala ezinzulu ebomini, elungileyo, kakuhle oxhobele inkwili K-129 - bababulala ngexesha elinye. Izinto ezibangela le ntlekele akukwazekanga ukuba ukufaka izixhobo ukuze uphakamise ngesikhephe ukusuka ezantsi, yayingekabikho. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, yonke imisebenzi yophendlo zisontiweyo kwaye kwi emkhombeni ixesha undilibele, ndicinga ukuba, njengokuba kwiimeko ezininzi, xa iinqanawa yazika, emangcwabeni kuba enqanaweni uya kuba lulwandle. Kwelabantu lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kwi Pacific Ocean kubonwe inqabile.

Iinguqulelo oko kwenzeka

Kakade ke, uguqulelo oluninzi lwangoku lwe into eyenzekayo ngelo xesha ubuqhinga US Navy. Imbonakalo ezi ngcinga eluntwini kunye negalelo yokuba kumaphephandaba ekusasazeni ulwazi malunga inqanawa American kunye negama sonorous "sword" - nto yaba inkwili kunye imijukujelwa weave, leyo nabo emsebenzini ngelo xesha emanzini wePasifiki. Kubonakala nto ezikhethekileyo: besemsebenzini - yaye eli lungelo baseMerika - ukuze anyamekele imida yayo, kodwa loo nto nje inqanawa yesibhozo kukaMatshi wafika wanxibelelana emzini wabo wabonisa up iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphandle Japan. Apho, eli qela zihlale ixesha, kwaye ngwenya waya ukulungisa yezikhephe, kubonakala, sase iingxaki ezithile. Oku, uya uyavuma, kakhulu, kuyinto eqhelekileyo - elwandle bonke ingenzeka, kuba ubuhlobo benu, mhlawumbi, aphume. Kodwa ngokungaqheleki kwayo, nokuba, ngokutsho kwabantu, abasebenzi kwanyanzeleka ukuba asayine amaxwebhu non-disclosure. Ukongeza, ngwenya ngoko akazange aye ngokuthunywa kangangeminyaka eliqela. Inguqulelo olukhulu kweziganeko ithi ukuba inkwili waseMelika ayihlola izenzo yiSoviet ngenxa yesizathu esithile ingene esweni yayo into. Mhlawumbi, oko ekuqaleni.

Kakade ke, waphakamisa imibuzo ngoko, kodwa urhulumente US uye wachaza le meko ngale ndlela: ngenxa kukungakhathali inkwili lwabo nemoto yomkhenkce. Kwaye yonke into entle, ngaphandle ukuba yenzeka kwi kumbindi lwePasifiki, kwaye kukho ngokuqhelekileyo kwazo hayi wadibana ngenxa ukungqubana ukhetho ice block ithe yawa kwangoko, kwaye ngokumalunga K-129, kananjalo.

Ukungqina ukuzibandakanya baseMerika kwiziganeko ebuhlungu namhlanje akwenzeki, kusenokuba kuhle ukuba konke oku - kuphela intelekelelo kunye uthotho ngamabona, kodwa akuqhelekanga kakhulu ukuba abasebenzi abanamava, ngubani na babekhe kundwendwelo ezinjalo, ngoko ignominiously wafa.

Enye inguqulelo lulandelayo ezidlulileyo. Zivela kuyo, siya kucinga ukuba amaqela omabini ngwenya kungekho zinjongo embi, kwabakho ingozi: ukuba nemoto kwamanzi ehambahamba kwindawo enye. Ngoku kunzima ukuyiqonda, kodwa kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini zingenza kakuhle ezi zixhobo.

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, isiphumo ingxoxo yethu iziganeko waziwa kakuhle; i-diesel ngwenya eSoviet yaba phantsi kwi North Pacific Ocean, kude ukusuka kwisiseko kwi ena Peninsula kwi neekhilomitha ezilishumi elinambini. Ubunzulu apho ngwenya leyo, ukuba amawaka amahlanu eemitha. Isikhephe yazika ngokuyinika isiqu. Eyoyikisayo ukubona indlela ezimbi ngayo abasebenza kwindawo efakwe ezaliswe ngamanzi abandayo, ukuba bayile afe ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuphakamisa ukusuka ezantsi

Kodwa musa ukucinga ukuba isiganeko ebuhlungu bamandla olityelweyo ngokupheleleyo. Emva kwexesha elithile, kanye ukuze kunyuswe K-129 ukusuka emazantsi olwandle, zakhiwa kangangoko nqanawa ezizodwa ezimbini. Omnye wabo yaba "Eksplorer 'izandla kakhulu kwaye yesibini - i-docking Camera HCC-1, it has projekthi utyhala emazantsi, kwakunye ukuba lo mzimba esiqhotyoshelweyo i" isandla "omkhulu ngomatshini, nto leyo ngakumbi kufana pincer, imihlaba leyo wayelingana kanye ubukhulu K -129. Ukuba umfundi ecinga ukuba izixhobo yiSoviet, ukuba bayaphazama. Oku akunjalo. Ezi projekthi sele ziphuhlisiwe kwaye yenziwe eUnited States. Kuba uyilo afakelwe iingcali eziphambili West kunye East Coast.

An into umdla kukuba nkqu zigaba yokugqibela iinjineli indibano ezinceda ukusebenza kwi uyilo, wayengenayo ingcamango yintoni kanye zisebenza. Kodwa umsebenzi wabo lihlawulwe kakuhle, ngenxa yokuba akukho mntu ngonyawo.

Qala of operation

Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso isikali yokusebenza. Nje ngokuba manani: yenqanawa-to-umatshini "Eksplorer" ekhethekileyo eyayingathi yinkundla enkulu ezidadayo, ukubana apho idlula iitoni ezingamashumi amathathu anesithandathu. Ngalo iqonga eqhotyoshelweyo taxiing injini rotary kwi elawulwa kude. Ngenxa yoko, le yunithi ngokuchanileyo kufumana nayiphi ezinqwenelekayo Ukulungelelanisa kumgangatho lwaselwandle ngoko banokubekwa ngqo ngaphezu kwayo, le Lemposiso neesentimitha ezilishumi kuphela. Kulo mzekelo, akukho iingxaki kunye nolawulo kule sondo wayengekho.

Kwaye yiloo nto yonke: le iqonga ifakwe "emhadini" kwi ziko, engqongwe izakhiwo, ukude efana ezidadayo rigs ioli; zohlobo ezenziwe ingxubevange enamandla, iyileyo waba ubude emashumi mabini anantlanu ubude; isethi iziphawuli ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo encediswa izixhobo ezizodwa abhek 'ezantsi. Olu hlobo nqanawa alikhange ngaphambili khona.

Umsebenzi lwaqhutywa kwimo lahlukile, yaye ibe amanyathelo amathathu ezilula. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ulwazi declassified, kuba kunokwenzeka ukufumana ulwazi malunga neziganeko kuwonke-wonke.

Isigaba 1 senzeka ekuqaleni kuka asixhenxe anesithathu. Okokuqala, ubuchule ixesha elide sizilungisile kwaye yavavanyelwa, utyando yayiyingozi kakhulu, kuba impazamo ayikwazanga. Kulo mzekelo, kuba ukuhanjiswa iqonga ekhethekileyo ukubeka wasebenzisa marker nqanawa ngamazwe ngokukodwa kwimveliso ye-oyile. Akukho mibuzo ngeenqanawa bamfimfithe ezidlulileyo inqanawa, akazange acele. Ke kaloku kwakulungiselelwa kuphela.

Isigaba 2 - kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka, ngoku kwi ndawo athathwa zonke izixhobo ezifunekayo zobugcisa kunye neengcali. Kodwa akwanelanga. De ufike laa mzuzu ayizange yenziwa imisebenzi efanayo, ukufumana inkwili ezazikayo ukusuka emgangathweni Ocean ingqalelo into esengozini liphupha. Kweli xesha lomsebenzi uqeqesho.

Isigaba 3 - kunyaka asixhenxe anesine. Ekuqaleni konyaka kukho sokubuyisela ixesha elindelwe. Yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa kweli xesha lifutshane kangangoko yaye akazange abangele ukuba naziphi na iingxaki.

Uhlangothi Soviet

Urhulumente waseSoviet lokhozi idatha isikwere, njengoko umsolwa kakhulu, ingakumbi ukuba inqanawa ngamazwe yawa nje ngaphezu ezazikayo K-129. Ukongeza, umbuzo ngulo: kutheni ioli ukuba phakathi kolwandle kubunzulu kweekhilomitha ezintandathu kude? Not ubhalo kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba ngokuqhelekileyo kunokwembiwa kwenzeke kubunzulu amakhulu amabini eemitha kunye iikhilomitha ezininzi - oku alwaziwa. Inqanawa akwenzeki, yena, akukho nto ibitheni, lo msebenzi wenziwa boqobo ngokupheleleyo, ukuthetha esemoyeni, kakhulu, nto okhethekileyo, yaye kwiiveki ezintandathu, nto leyo kakhulu eqhelekileyo, uye washukumisa ukusuka kwindawo waza waqhubeka kwikhosi ekucwangciselwa yena.

Ke kaloku ngaloo mihla trust Melika zange kwamkelwa kuba ndawo baya iqela kwesimo ngephenyane isantya, unomathotholo malunga oko akufuneki ukuba ikhankanyiwe. Tracking sele lusekiwe, kodwa ukuqonda kakuhle kuphela kutheni baseMelika zinani ngoko kwenzeka ntoni apha, oko akwenzeki. AmaMelika yokulandelela waqaphela, edlalisa ngokungathi nto ihlileyo, ngelixa ziqhubela phambili ukusebenza. Ingakumbi akukho mntu bazifihla, kunye nezenzo macala baba enokuxelwa kwangaphambili kakhulu. Ukuze ixesha elide kwabonakala ukuba oomatiloshe yaseMelika bafuna ioli, kuyo, enyanisweni, yaba zonke ekunene: ezi amanzi cala, ukuqhuba uphando ehamba akukho akuvumelekanga. Emva kweveki kunye nesiqingatha iphenyane waya kude ingongoma ibe phofu into kwisiqithi eOahu e Honolulu. Kukho sele isondela zemisitho iKrismesi, kuba kwakucaca ukuba yokucupha kwixesha elizayo uya kunikela ziphumo. Ukongeza, amafutha baphume emkhombeni eSoviet wayesele phezu sekuqengqeleke, yaye kwenzeka ukuba imane kuphela e Vladivostok, nto leyo isibini inkqubela iiveki.

Yaba ukuyeka eli phulo ekuvunyelwene ubudlelwane kunye Melika benjalo uneengxaki, shadowing singaphathanga iziphumo, kunye nokusasazwa phezu kwendawo ukufa yiSoviet abasebenzi kubaguqula kakuhle ukuba abe liphiko. Noko ke, eUnited States yenziwe ngokusesikweni nto iphosakeleyo. Yokubamba isimo urhulumente, umyalelo yasekuhlaleni yokucupha sele wayeka (njengoko naziyo, kuphela Inqanaba lesibini kwenu kukusebenza, ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbi, kwaye sele ubalwe).

Kakade ke, akukho namnye eSoviet Union kwaye ndandingacingi ukuba iinqanawa US bazama ukuphakamisa isikhephe ezazikayo, ngaba kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Ngenxa yokuba abasemagunyeni kugxeka kwacaca: ukuba baseMerika ungenza ntoni?

Kuko konke isitya nje enye American semilo ongaqhelekanga kunye nobukhulu omkhulu emva kweKrismesi, waphinda waya kwindawo yokugula mkhumbi. Ukongeza, le nqanawa phambi kokuba umntu wakha wambona. Kwaye ngenene kwabonakala ekrokrisayo.

Kufuneka uhlawule irhafu kwabasemagunyeni of America, kamsinya nje ngwenya K-129 sindise US unxweme, zonke nemizimba ngaphakathi (of ezintandathu) sangcwatywa elwandle ngu oomatiloshe bathembele ukuba isiko, amaMelika nokuba zifakwe ngexesha umhobe wesizwe USSR. Yokungcwaba yafakwa umbala umboniso, olwathunyelwa arhente intelligence US. Nokuziphatha kunye sengqondo baseMelika abafa baba nentlonelo kakhulu. Kuyinto akwaziwa apho amanye amalungu crew yiSoviet, kodwa, ngenxa data US, ngebengabanga ungekhona ngwenya. Hi ndlela leyi, kunye V. I. Kobzar ndingekho phakathi kungcwatywa.

impi ebandayo

Ngexesha eSoviet Union wayesazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni, ndaqalisa umjikelo omtsha yomzabalazo lobuchule phakathi kwamazwe namachibi ezimbini. USSR waba inyathelo angonwabi neyokusithela ngakwicala of America kunye nokuba ngwenya idizili waba Soviet, kwaye ke amaMelika akukho ilungelo ukukhipha wona ukusuka ezantsi. Kwakhona US bathi ukufa ngwenya zingazange zibhalwe naphi (yinyaniso), nto leyo ethetha ukuba impahla akukho namnye yaye senze ngokwengqiqo yabo na odibana naye. Ukongeza, ukuthintela nayiphi na inkcazelo engakumbi, icala US enikiweyo kungcwatywa yeTV oomatiloshe Russian. Baya awangcwabela ngokwenene ngentlonelo kwaye ngokomthetho. Ngenxa imibuzo engeyomfuneko kwicala eSoviet shwaka.

Kodwa loo nto nangoku imfihlelo, yintoni eyenzeka ngokwenene ngwenya, kutheni baseMerika ndibeke umzamo omkhulu kangaka ukuyifumana ku emazantsi olwandle, kungani bonke nto emfihlekweni yaye kutheni, emva kokuba lo msebenzi lalifihlakele "Eksplorer" ebusweni enzulwini yokulungisa amachweba America kuba sisixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu. Techniques zadityaniswa ngwenya Soviet ndaweni kufuphi San Francisco.

Mhlawumbi icala US nje wayefuna ukwazi iimfihlelo ezifihla ukuba fleet kwamanzi USSR. Ukuze ezinye kusenokubonakala ngathi urhulumente waseSoviet ekugqibeleni khohlisa, kuba kucacile ngoku ukuba America uphando izixhobo yiSoviet, ukuba Kuyakwazeka ukuba ezinye izinto bafumana umdla, kunye nento yokuba baye. Mhlawumbi, torpedoes, ayayilwa kakhulu ezintle, kwaye singakwazi, kunye nezinye iimfihlelo. Kodwa ke, njengoko imithombo owayephila ngexesha, ngoko ke abantu abamelene eziphambili ukufumana kwaye abakwazanga. Lonke nandzu kwenzeka eyonwabileyo: umphathi crew Vladimir Kobzar, okhankanywe ngaphambili, wayemde yaye baba yokwakha lweembaleki, ngenxa yokuba indawo yomsebenzi, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, waba n'wina. Xa isikhephe kulungiswa kwakhona, Captain ndamvuselela kakhulu iinjineli ukuba bayifake ikhowudi-asike enomjukujelwa gumbi, kwakukho isithuba esininzi, nangona kwakukho ebumelwaneni yingozi. Ngoko ke, zonke iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo igcinwe khona. Kodwa amaMelika, utsala ukusuka ezantsi ngwenya, akazange ukunyusa bay ngezikhali. Kwabonakala kubo kubaluleke kangaka.

1968 wabonisa ukuba ezinjalo - eyenzekayo Russian: oko Akufani abanye abantu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kuba ngathi nokuba esandleni. Samu ngwenya AmaMelika, Kakade ke, icala eSoviet akazange abuye, ikamva lakhe uhlala imfihlelo, kakhulu. Kunoko, oko zezikhali, bafunda kakuhle kwaye zisetyenziswe. Kodwa imbuyekezo, akukho namnye wayethembe ukuba. Mhlawumbi elungileyo, kuba imali kunye umzamo omkhulu kangaka kuye ichithwe baseMelika nje.

Hi ndlela leyi, ezi azikho kakhulu amava ezimnandi kwaphemba kuphela ugqatso iingalo kunye ezintsha zobugcisa. Ngenxa amava abonisa ukuba ezinye iindlela zikarhulumente eyomeleleyo ngaphezu kwesinye, nento - enye. Mhlawumbi akukho embi kangako, emva kwazo zonke inkqubela kwinzululwazi ulahlekisa uluntu kuphuhliso.

Le mibuzo ezishiyekileyo

Kwaye ihlala awukacaci kakhulu. Kutheni inkwili oomatiloshe kunye umthetheli abanamava kwaye aneziphiwo yazika ngaphandle kwesizathu? Kutheni America bachitha imali kunye nomgudu ukwakha oomatshini ukuba pick it up ukusuka emazantsi olwandle kangaka? Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba inxalenye enkulu leqela, kuba okufanayo hhayi kwenye ngaphandle bendawo evaliweyo ukubaleka phezu kwabantu abalikhulu? Kwenzeka ntoni ku K-129 emva kokuba itsalwa enzonzobileni yolwandle? Ukufa lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini; Kakade ke, akazange ingaqhelekanga, kodwa kule meko ke imibuzo emininzi engekasonjululwa.

isiphelo

Kulo umboniso, eqala ibali lethu, akukho iimpendulo kuyo yonke imibuzo. Ukuveliswa US-Russian yakhe, leyo, Kakade ke, kufanele kuphawulwe, njengoko bemeko- bekujongiwe ngokutsha eyona njongo lwesiganeko. Kodwa mhlawumbi ngoku ayikho kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba konke - Kwimeko kwimihla eyadlulayo, yaye akukho nto ukutshintsha. Imfazwe Cold ithathwa kwegazi, yaye ingozi nezinye imfazwe kwimbali yabantu, kodwa izinto ezimbi ngokwaneleyo. buhlungu kakhulu kuba abantu abenza i crew ngwenya K-129, yaye ingakumbi oomatiloshe oselula, waya dama yakhe yokuqala kakhulu. Nakowuphi na umzekelo, oku siganeko Lilishwa iya kuhlala ngonaphakade encwadini yeembali imbali kwakukhunjulwa abantu Russian.