Gas laser: Isishwankathelo, iimpawu, isimiso ukusebenza

Icandelo engundoqo ukusebenza nasiphi na isixhobo laser yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-medium esebenzayo. Akubalulekanga nje umthombo yokumpompoza zokukhomba, kodwa kwezinye embodiments oko kakhulu kuphucuka. Yile phawu umxube irhasi yaye ube nezivelayo into esebenzayo kwiinkqubo laser. Ngoko ke kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo izixhobo ezinjalo, kunye nesakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kunye iimpawu bume yomsebenzi. Ngenye indlela, a laser igesi ineendlela ezininzi, nto leyo wamvumela ukuba athathe indawo ngokuqinileyo kwindawo yokugcina amashishini ezininzi mveliso.

Iimpawu yesenzo sukube medium

ezinxulumene Ngokwemveli laser okuqinileyo-karhulumente kunye nokusingqongileyo ulwelo elungele ukuya lokusekwa umqadi ukukhanya kunye nokusebenza kuyimfuneko. Ngaloo igesi zinezibonelelo yokufana kunye mninzi ephantsi. Ezi mpawu kuvumela umsonto laser ayenziwanga nembono, ukonga umbane yaye akukho uthothe. Kwakhona laser gas lalidume ngokwanda directivity radiation, nto leyo ichaza umda kuphela diffraction sokukhanya. Xa kuthelekiswa imizimba esiluqilima yamasuntswana gas intsebenziswano kwenzeka kuphela xa yangqubana phantsi ukufuduka thermal. Ngenxa yoko, i-eneji spectrum lokufaka ingqamana kwinqanaba lwamandla ngamnye amasuntswana ngamnye.

Gas laser izixhobo

izixhobo Classical yezixhobo eso kwasekwa ityhubhu esitywiniweyo kunye medium sukube ezisebenzayo, kwakunye resonator optical. Ityhubhu obhobhozayo yenziwe ngodongwe alumina. Ibekwe phakathi bemilo kunye isipili ebonisa kwi njengesilinda beryllium. Obhobhozayo senziwe kumacandelo amabini kunye cathode eqhelekileyo kwindawo yangoku rhoqo. Oksidnotantalovye cathodes abandayo badla yahlulwe kubini ngokusebenzisa spacers Heating eqinisekisa unikezelo iyunifomu yangoku. Kwakhona, izixhobo laser irhasi ubonelela anodes - umsebenzi wabo wenza insimbi, lubonelelwe imfutho cleaner. Ezi zinto zinika uqhagamshelo tube bhetyebhetye, kwimilo kunye onelungelo esipilini.

isimiso ukusebenza

Nangokundizalisa umzimba esebenzayo kwi iphiko zombane umbane negesi isicelo, ezo efunyenwe em- electrode yecebo le ityhubhu. Xa ingozi ye electron kunye amasuntswana igesi excitation zabo. Oku kudala isiseko ukukhutshwa ziluhlaza. Kwavusa kuphuma amaza okukhanya landa ityhubhu ngexesha sicatshulwa kwazo phakathi plasma igesi. izibuko msi iziphelo lombhobho zinika isiseko kwicala nakolu yokumpompoza ukukhanya. A isipili semitransparent apho babonelelwa laser igesi, ukhetha umqadi zokukhomba le iqhezu ziluhlaza, yaye inxalenye eseleyo yayo kuboniswa ngaphakathi ityhubhu, ukuxhasa umsebenzi radiation.

iimpawu

Ubukhulu bepali engaphakathi ityhubhu obhobhozayo ongowona 1.5 mm. Ububanzi oksidnotantalovogo cathode unako ukufikelela 48 mm ngobude 51 mm le element. Kule uyilo isebenza phantsi DC ombane ka 1000 V. Le helium-neon amandla laser wemitha ezincinane, njengokuba umthetho, libalwa eshumini ze a Watt.

Models carbon dioxide kuquka ukusetyenziswa ngemibhobho kunye ububanzi of cm-2 ukuya kwi-10. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba laser igesi ukusebenza kwimo okuqhubekayo eliphezulu kakhulu amandla. Kweli qela ukusebenza, le into ngamanye amaxesha plus, kodwa ukugcina umsebenzi ozinzileyo izixhobo ezinjalo zifuna isipili ixesha elide kwaye zithembeke kunye nezakhiwo eliphezulu okubonakalayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, noochwephetsha kunye nesafire usebenzisa izinto ezibengezelayo unyango yegolide.

ezahlukeneyo laser

Ulwahlulo ephambili ithetha laser loo umxube irhasi yohlobo ngokwahlukana. Sele iinkalo onobuhle emzimbeni carbon esebenzayo, kodwa kwaku- eqhelekileyo, helium-neon kunye nokusingqongileyo imichiza okhankanywe. laser igesi ion ifuna ukusetyenziswa izinto kunye conductivity eliphezulu thermal ngenxa eyimveliso isakhiwo yesixhobo. Ngokukodwa, ezi zinto cermet kunye neenkcukacha ezisetyenziswa ngokusekelwe ngodongwe beryllium. indawo Helium-neon ingaqalisa ku kwamaza ezahlukeneyo radiation infrared kwi spectrum ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo. Resonator nezibuko izixhobo ezo ubonakala ngokuba Ipeyinti multilayer Heating.

laser yamachiza uhlobo olwahlukileyo imibhobho igesi. Bacebise kwakhona ukusetyenziswa njengendlela zokusebenza umxube igesi aphakathi, kodwa ukuyilwa ukukhutshwa ukukhanya inikwa yokusabela imichiza. Oko kukuthi, irhasi sisetyenziselwa excitation imichiza. Devices yale hlobo eziyingenelo kwi ukuba unako ukwalathisa kwenye amandla eekhemikhali kwi radiation electromagnetic.

Ukusetyenziswa laser igesi

Phantse zonke laser le hlobo luphawulwa iqondo eliphezulu ukuthembeka, iyahlala ngexabiso elifikelelekayo. Ezi zinto yakhokelela ukusetyenziswa kwazo kusagquba mveliso eyahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, izixhobo helium-neon ziye asetyenziswe sokulinganisa kunye imisebenzi nokulungelelanisa lwenziwa kumsebenzi zam imikhumbi kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, neempawu laser helium-neon zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwimibutho zonxibelelwano enombala, kwi ukuqulunqwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswa ekuncediseni holographic kunye gyroscopes quantum. Bekukho ngaphandle ngokwembono ukusetyenziswa esebenzayo, kunye laser igesi argon, ogama isicelo ubonisa ukusebenza ekwenziweni eziphathekayo. Ngokukodwa, izixhobo ezifana kusebenza amaplanga umkroli nesinyithi.

Uphenyo lwe laser igesi

Ukuba sicinga laser ngokubhekiselele kwiipropati yokusebenza kakuhle, abasebenzisi abaninzi ingxelo a directivity ophezulu kunye nomgangatho ngokubanzi umqadi ukukhanya. Ezo mpawu kungachazwa inxalenye encinane ubugqwetha enombala kungakhathaliseki bume lobushushu eli. Njengoko ngokuba neengxaki, amathuba ukubhengezwa kumajelo sukube ufuna ombane enkulu. Ukongezelela, helium-neon gas laser kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza ngokusekelwe kwimixube carbon dioxide, zifuna ingqwalasela uqhagamshelo ngamandla ombane. Kodwa ke, njengokuba kusenziwa imiboniso, isiphumo obagwebelayo ngokwayo. Ukusetyenziswa zixhobo-amandla, kwaye ufumane kunye nezixhobo enamandla kakhulu ngamandla.

isiphelo

Amathuba obhobhozayo ihlangana ngokwemiqathango ukusebenzisa kwabo kwiinkqubo laser Kusekho ngokwaneleyo zisetyenziswa. Kunjalo, imfuno izixhobo kudala lukhula ngempumelelo, ukwakha niche efanelekileyo kunye nemarike. Irhasi laser ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu yafunyanwa kushishino. Oku kusetyenziswa njengesixhobo ukuzibona ukusika ezicocekileyo eqinile. Kodwa kukho izithintelo ekusasazweni eso sixhobo. Okokuqala, lo ngowona zeendawana banxibe element okukhawulezayo, leyo kunciphisa ayasiqinisekisa eso sixhobo. Okwesibini, kufuneka iimfuno eliphezulu ukubonelela ekubhobhozeni zombane eziyimfuneko ukuze beamforming.