Indlela yokwenza iglasi?

Glass yeyona kakhulu into yakudala, leyo wafunyanwa ngabantu kwaye isasetyenziswa nangoku namhlanje. Ndiyifumene, ngenxa yokuba indoda ayikho ngokwakhe sasungula waza wamenza okwesihlandlo sokuqala. Kungenzeka, iglasi yokuqala ubonakele kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo ukusuka mlilo mlilo. Ngoku kukho into ekuthiwa obsidian. Indlela yokwenza iglasi? Makhe siye emva kweentsuku xa engekho. Ngokuthe ngcembe, abantu ulwazi nendalo, yaye uye waphawula ukuba xa zixutywe isanti soda zendalo elandela into ukufudumeza crystalline ibonakala. Leyo yindlela beza ukwaziwa, yaye olu hlobo olutsha eziphathekayo. Le nkqubo ichazwe nguPliny - polymath Greek. Kwaba ukususela ngaloo mzuzu waqalisa imbali ukusetyenziswa iglasi, nto leyo iye ebomini bethu namhlanje yazo ngokupheleleyo. Kuba ngoku, ukuba isetyenzisiwe yonke indawo.

Noko ke, kukho kwakhona iqela ingcamango eyahlukileyo ukubona indlela yokwenza iglasi, okanye kunoko, njengoko wenza ngaphambili. Ezinye izazinzulu ziye zagqiba ukuba izinto vitreous yayichongwe njenge eceleni kwi ukunyibilika sobhedu okanye calcination iimveliso zodaka. Xa ubomi babantu, le imveliso ngokwenene wadlala indima enkulu. Kunzima ukuba ayikhulise ukubaluleka kwayo. Manufacturing iglasi edadayo ifaniswa ezifana ezifunyaniswe njengoko amavili lemigodi njengeyabo umlilo. Kumaxesha eYiputa mandulo kwagqitywa ukuvelisa zonke iintlobo izacholo. Kamva ndafunda ekuveliseni izikhongozeli ukulungiselela amanzi. Ukususela ngenkulungwane weshumi elinesithathu, bekukho nokwanda okukhulu kwinani yeglasi mveliso. Venice, yaba liziko kwemveliso yawo. Masters waba nobuchwepheshe eyaziwa ngokuba ekudaleni iglasi oriental, emva koko baqalisa ukuphuhlisa nokuphucula ngayo. Glass elubala yenziwa kunokwenzeka ngokudibanisa ukuya kuyo zonke iintlobo ukungcola. Masters baqala ukwenza kuye esityeni ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo entle kakhulu kwaye ezintle. Ngaloo mihla, izinto zokubhala elide kuba nezinto zodidi nezacholo.

Ukuba umbuzo imalunga indlela yokwenza iglasi, usenomdla, ngoko ke sithethe eyifumanayo ngayo ngakumbi nangakumbi izicelo ezitsha. inkqubo yalo mdlalo ngcono. Livele esipilini yenziwa enamathela elinye icala amalgam. Ngexesha lokwakha, kakhulu, baqala ukusebenzisa negilasi. Kudla isetyenziswa kulwakhiwo amabhotwe neetempile. Kwaye emva kokuba iinkosi bafunda ukuyenza ezimibalabala, baqala ukuba bahombise iifestile zabo, wenze iifestile ezintle iglasi nebala. Kwaye ngoku esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi glass ekuhlanganiseni. Kwaye kwinzululwazi ekuhambeni kwexesha baqalisa ukusebenzisa negilasi. Ngenxa kwafunyanwa amandla akhe ukuzikisa ukukhanya ehlasela, iindidi lens, yerediyo wenza iimikroskopu zadalwa. Ezi ziphumo ziye zibe linyathelo elikhulu kuphuhliso yenzululwazi yendalo - amayeza, ibhayoloji, ngeenkwenkwezi, inzululwazi kunye nabanye. Kuyo nayiphi na intsimi lwenzululwazi ngaphandle iindondo akanakuba nawuphi na umsebenzi.

Indlela yokwenza iglasi? Njengoko ngaphambili, ukusuka isanti. Ngokomthetho kwentlabathi iqulethe lesilicon dioxide, imelwe apha uhlobo ziikristale zwi. Xa itshiswe, linyibilike. Ukuba kupholile ngokukhawuleza, izimbiwa abanalo ixesha nokuntlalutyisa, babe ngaphaya. Ukunika imveliso ethile imibala kulo oxides zesinyithi ezahlukeneyo longeziwe. Isanti ecocekileyo ukuze nokubunjwa kwayo eziqulathwe phantse iglasi zwi ukunika elubala ubuninzi.

Okwangoku, zininzi iindlela ukufumana imveliso kunye iipropati ezahlukeneyo: ifayibha lwesamente, lukhuni, esipilini, vehicles. Njengesiseko kwaye ngoku nesanti elula siyenziwa. Kubalulekile ukuba athi njengentlabathi umhlaba logama nje ngokwaneleyo, ngoko iglasi ongathanga aphume izinto zethu.