"Iskander" inkqubo ngezikhali. "Iskander-M" (inkqubo enomjukujelwa): iimpawu

imeko yangoku neAfrika into yokuba ukuze alondoloze kulongamo nasegunyeni lizwe kobudlelane ehlabathi iisampuli ezibalulekileyo mihla ingalo. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi xa kuziwa ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo Committe zenyukliya, nto leyo ke usisiqinisekiso yokugqibela uxolo emhlabeni. Kakade ke, indima ephambili ekuthinteleni i lutshaba enokubakho yeyethu imijukujelwa qhinga, kodwa inkqubo enomjukujelwa "Iskander" uyakwazi ukugcina abaninzi izigqibo angawokubhuda.

Le ndlela iingalo ndadalelwa konakalisa kwiimeko entsimini iithagethi lahlukile kulo utshaba wokhuselo sekhombuya. Oku kubaluleke nakakhulu ukuba isicwangciso langoku imfazwe busenza ukuba loqhankqalazo zokuthintela nokunciphisa, nto leyo ayisayi kuvumela utshaba kunokwenzeka ukuba asebenzise izixhobo zenyukliya. Kwakhona, ekubeni unako ngendlela ngexesha ukucinezela inkqubo yalo imizili yokuzikhusela.

iimeko zendalo

Kuye kwaqulunqwa kwindawo apho eSoviet Union kunye United States utyikitye isivumelwano ukunciphisa inani izixhobo ezithile nuclear (INF). Oku kwenzeka ngo-1987. Xa iintshaba ezifanayo ezinokwenzeka bavumelana kupheliswe ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya ukulwa elizayo.

Kungenxa kwisakhiwo esitsha wabazisela inani elikhulu iimfuno: kwathabatha uyalahlwa epheleleyo submunitions zenyukliya, oko kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ukuchana phantse othengisa, udibaniso kunye imijukujelwa mkhulu uphume kunokwenzeka. Ukongezelela, ukususela iingcali ukuze kuqinisekiswe isidanga sikhulu sala automation njengoko enomjukujelwa kunye iqaliswa.

Hayi noko, ngenxa yale nkqubo enomjukujelwa "Iskander" kwi eKaliningrad wenze i "yegadi 'abafumaneka phakathi abapolitiki lweBaltic abakulo yokothuka waqalisa bebetha malunga isisongelo omtsha sijinga phezu ebukhosini babo.

Indima kweenkqubo navigation satellite

Imfuneko engundoqo ongqamana leyinene ya namhlanje, uya kuba nako ukusebenzisa i data evela kwiinkqubo satellite positioning ( "Glonass», NAVSTAR). Ukususela isakhono esitsha ezintsonkothileyo efunekayo ngempumelelo phezulu wabetha ekujoliswe vehicles ihamba, kufuneka qondo liphezulu kangangoko lomlilo kwakunye ukoyisa utshaba enomjukujelwa wokhuselo kakhulu sekhombuya.

ulwazi lokuqala

Ready enomjukujelwa complex "Iskander" kuqala ngo-2007. Kowayesakuba yiNkulumbuso Sergei ivanov ingxelo ngumongameli ukuba kushenxwe ithagethi ayidluli imitha enye. Ezi ntlawulo iphezulu yaye ndaqiniseka ngokupheleleyo emva kokuhlola idata kuzo zonke iindlela uhlolo olubonakalayo, leyo inxaxheba kulingo ngaloo mini.

Yonke le ubungangamsha wadalwa KBM, Kolomna. Le bureau kuyilo yaziwa ehlabathini lonke njengoko livela apha waqalisa "umsebenzi" izakhiwo 'Point "akhe," Strela "yaye" Bukanomeva ", kwakunye neminye imizekelo zane zasekhaya kwizizukulwana ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye izinto zazisenziwa CDB "Titan" (launcher), Central Research Institute of Automatics kunye hydraulics (inkqubo ibalulekileyo isikhokelo projectile oluzenzekelayo).

Yintoni injongo?

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, le complex enomjukujelwa "Iskander" wadalelwa ngogwayimbo ngqo kwi kwiithagethi efihliweyo nzulu emva imigca utshaba, ikhuselwe iinkqubo enomjukujelwa wokhuselo mihla.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo sebenza kuzo neenjongo ezicwangcisekileyo:

• Zokudubula imijukujelwa yotshaba, zoqhaphelo olukhulu izithuthi vehicles.
• izakhiwo Defense.
• units Air, ngexesha nokusasazwa emhlabeni.
• Lonke iqela kunye nezintsonkothileyo esisiso.
• zezixhobo ezikhulu, ukulahlekelwa apho kabuhlungu ichaphazele welinye iqela.
• Ezinye iinkalo ezibalulekileyo kummandla utshaba.

Ekubeni anti-moya enomjukujelwa complex "Iskander" yahlukile isantya avulekile ophezulu kakhulu ukulungiselela ukuba isebenze, oko kuyingozi enkulu kakhulu ukuba bonke abenza lelinye iqela.

Leyo yinxalenye "Iskander"?

Le nkqubo ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo: iyunithi self-ngokwaso ngenxa awasungule imijukujelwa for imoto yakhe yokuhamba yaye zibiza lukhule. Ukongeza, kukho iseti eyahlukileyo nokulungiswa kunye nokulondoloza zonke izixhobo, indawo abasebenzi kunye umatshini okhethekileyo ukuhlalutya ingcaciso efunyenweyo, kwakunye namaziko oqeqesho kubasebenzi.

irula Iimpawu wasebenzisa

Umba phambi kwethu Committe enomjukujelwa esimbaxa "Iskander" isebenzisa enomjukujelwa esiqinileyo-amafutha kunye inyathelo elinye, apho inxenye iintloko ngokwahlukana ibhabha. Nangona zijike unamandla ibhabha, le projectile yonke indlela yabo ungalawuleka umqhubi ukusuka iposi umyalelo. imveliso uphume Special yahlukile ekuqaleni kwaye ekusondeleni ukuya ekujoliswe xa enomjukujelwa iphantsi sindisa 30G. Ekubeni le ndlela enomjukujelwa kufuneka ibe ukubhabha Ukunyuka ukuya kulo ngeqondo kabini okwangoku zokumelana olusebenzayo "Iskander" nje ayikho.

Kweqokobhe lwezindlu eyenziwe njengobuchule ekhethekileyo, oko kunciphisa ukubonakala SAM welinye icala. Ngaphezu koko, inkoliso indlela rocket, ngoxa kwintaba ephakame-50 km, nto leyo nayo izihlandlo ezilishumi kunciphisa amathuba iimbalelwano zalo kwangexesha. radar lahlukile ibonelelwe Ipeyinti ezikhethekileyo kabani yokuqamba eMelika.

"Iskander" Oku kuchaza ngokoyisa imboni yasekhaya, njengoko iye yamkelwa. Inkqubo enomjukujelwa (eKaliningrad kunye yonke Western yesithili emkhosini sele ke baxhotyiswa) olu hlobo kungekudala ukuba zifunyenwe zonke iiyunithi zomkhosi kweli lizwe.

imigaqo isikhokelo target

amagalelo Isiphelo kule ekujoliswe yenziwa yi abaqhubi zakhiwo, emva koko uza inkqubo entsokothileyo homing. Isixhobo icinga kwendawo zibhabha, ukwakha imodeli yakhe yesuntswana. Yena ke on-ibhodi kwikhompyutha lusoloko kuthelekiswa kunye nomfanekiso reference oluye zilayishwe ibe imemori phambi kwendiza irula.

obefuna Optical uye iinkqubo anti-jamming elihle, kwakunye umthamo omkhulu ukulungiselela iinjongo kulwamkelo nakuwuphi na bume. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukubetha ithagethi elihambayo (kunye lulahlekiso akukho ngaphezu kokuba isibini meters) ngobusuku obungenanyanga ngokupheleleyo. ngobuciko ezinjalo kwiimeko ezinjalo ayikwazi kuphunyezwa naziphi na iinkqubo komlilo irula, emi phezu iingalo NATO.

Apho ngasemva yaye abafuni nokumbona i "Iskander". inkqubo enomjukujelwa eSiriya, wabeka emva ngoDisemba kunyaka ophelileyo, ngoko nangoko ukuba ukunciphisa iimvakalelo yaye wanceda urhulumente osemthethweni kunye ukubana yomkhosi anti ziwayo-kakhulu kweli lizwe. Ukongeza, icala Russian ifumene ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga ukulwa ukusetyenziswa mijukujelwa eliphambili.

irula "Independent"

Nangona yokuba kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo enomjukujelwa complex "Iskander" abanokuncedwa amaza kwiisathelayithi inkqubo yokumisa equka konke, phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, abaqhubi bayo baya kwenza kakuhle ngaphandle kwazo. Iinkqubo isikhokelo electro-optic ngqo kangangokuba abavumela ukuba ukuqinisekisa ngokoyiswa iinjongo ezicaciswe nakuwuphi na bume.

Koko, inkqubo homing "Iskander", ukuba kuyimfuneko, ingafakwa kalula nkqu imijukujelwa zenyukliya weave, ukwenza amathuba ibe lutshaba ngokwenene kakhulu udakumbile. Ngenxa yoko zakhiwo enomjukujelwa Russian "Iskander" kwi West eyaziwa semfene kakhulu, nangona ukusebenza kwayo ngokucacileyo ukuya kwabo emthethweni yenyukliya enjalo.

iimpawu Warhead

Abakhi bazichithile ukukwazi ukusebenzisa nje ezilishumi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo emthethweni. Ezi ziquka Ziyaqhubeka zeqela kunye izinto licwecwe ngembabala yokulwa izinto ukususela ezongezelekayo, iklasta izixhobo kunye self-elements, kwakunye elula eliphezulu-neziqhushumbisi, ukuqhekeka iintlobo sigade. Ukuba usebenzisa i self-ekhokelwa enomjukujelwa izakhi, baya hit iithagethi ezininzi, eqwenga nomphakamo yeemitha emithandathu ukuya kwelishumi phezulu kubo.

Self projectile kwisikhundla ukudutyulwa phantse Umlinganiseli kwiitoni, ubunzima ngqo warhead yi-480 kg. Ngoko ke, lo complex enomjukujelwa "Iskander-K" yenye yezona ekulondolozeni zinamandla non-nuclear, nto leyo ke inkonzo yomkhosi yethu.

Iimpawu ezinye izinto

Self-kuqhube umatshini ukulungiselela ukuphunyezwa ikuvumela isebenze ngaxeshanye ukuthwala imijukujelwa ezimbini, ebavumela ukuba isebenze kwi-engile ukuya degrees 90 ngokuphathelele kulo mmandla. Kubhaliwe ibekwe kwi isisu semoto ohlatyiweyo kunye 8x8, nto leyo kugqitha nakwezona ndawo apho iindlela abangekhoyo ngokupheleleyo (MAZ-79306 "nabakhwitsi"). Phakathi kwezinye izinto, oku kunika ukuhamba ngobulumko ezintsonkothileyo, nkqu ngexesha lemfazwe.

Ezinye iimpawu izixhobo zolawulo kunye nesikhokelo

Ufakelo nga ngokuzimela ukufumanisa uququzelelo indawo yayo, unxibelelana zonke iziqalelo ze "Iskander", oluqinisekisa imijukujelwa sungula owodwa kwaye imvula. Ixesha lokufika ukuya ivolibholi ayikho kwemizuzu engama-20 ngaphantsi ekubaleni imeko ilungiselelwe yaye ubonakalisa akukho ngaphezu kwesinye umzuzu phakathi uqala projectiles. Oku kwenza isakhiwo enomjukujelwa "Iskander", iimpawu zazo sele yayintle, iindlela ezinobungozi kakhulu ukuhlasela.

Ukuqala isikhundla Akuyomfuneko ukuba balungiselele. Ukongeza, ukubala akukho mfuneko ukuphuma elorini: ukufumana imiyalelo, iingcali ayeke "Iskander" kwi lesikwere, ukulungiselela zonke iinkqubo ze wenze ivolibholi. Le ngaphandle kuphela marshland, apho kuyimfuneko ukulungisa ngokusesikweni iphedi ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi izinzile. Emva kumatshini umsebenzi run inabela ngesigxina pre-eyayibekelwe ukulayisha.

Ngoko ke, i "Iskander-M" - inkqubo enomjukujelwa ye isizukulwana esitsha, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukhuselo oluthembekileyo ulongamo karhulumente.

Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo malunga isisu semoto nezinye oomatshini

chassis angu 42, ngokobunzima payload abathuthwayo yi hayi ngaphantsi kwe-19 m, uhola wendlela kunye ilizwe indlela isantya eligangathiweyo 70 (40) km / h. Kuphela station igesi omnye, "Iskander" angahamba ubuncinane 1000 km. Kunenani eliqhelekileyo abathathu ubalo lwabantu, kodwa lemfazwe inani labo ukuze kwandiswe.

Machine for kulayishwa ahambise nazo ndawonye kwi-MAZ-79306 ( «Computer"). Lixhotyiswe -crane kunye yokulayisha indlela zombane mechanical. Oko: Umlinganiseli kanye 40 tonnes, kuba abasebenzi yesondlo ukuba isixa kwabantu ababini.

ikomkhulu complex

Intliziyo yonke imbaxa izithuthi umyalelo kunye nabasebenzi. Yenziwe ngokusekelwe kwezithuthi KAMAZ. Nokutshintshiselana ngengcaciso phakathi zonke "Iskander" iziqalelo ingaqhuba iye phandle bobabini kwimo eziqhelekileyo nangokunzulu zombhalo. Isantya abelane awehlelwa kweli tyala yokugqibela.

complex Abasebenzi iindawo ezine abashishini automated ngokupheleleyo, ukudluliselwa umgama ubuninzi phakathi iimoto kweekhilomitha ezili-350 iimoto sipakwe kwaye ingande ngeekhilomitha ezili-50 phantsi ukulwa hambo. operation oluqhubekayo zonke izinto kwenkqubo ingcebiso nolawulo komyalelo iintsuku ezimbini.

Machine yesondlo mechanical

Njengoko kwimeko yangaphambili, ngokusekelwe kwi "KAMAZ" izithuthi isisu semoto. Yenzelwe ukuba ukuvavanya imo enomjukujelwa apha isindululi kwaye kumadonga, oko likuvumela ukuba utshekishe bayihlaziye zonke iiyunithi kunye neendlela ze zakhiwo, ngaphandle mfuneko ukuba nokuyihambisa kwindawo deployment esisigxina. Lo matshini Umlinganiseli t 13.5, ezifakwe ngemizuzu engaphantsi kwe-20, lo gama ekutshekisheni yonke iinkqubo kunye nobuchwephetshe musa ukudlula kwimizuzu 18. Inkonzo complex abantu ababini.

Ngokubanzi, umjukujelwa complex "Iskander", iimpawu zentsebenzo sifumanisa, i maintainability ephawulekayo nkqu kwiimeko ezininzi kakhulu.

ukuqokelelwa into, uhlahlelo kunye nokulungisa ulwazi

Lo matshini isetyenziselwa ukuqokelela nokuhlalutya iinkcukacha yenzelwe kulawulo ukuya imijukujelwa computer ekwinqwelo. Kubume kukho ezimbini zokusebenzela abashishini zokuva nokudlulisa uququzelelo ehlasela iithagethi imizuzu omnye okanye emibini. Inokuba ukuthwala oluqhubekayo zilwe usemsebenzini iiyure eziyi-16.

Ekugqibeleni, inkxaso yobomi imoto. Kokuba kwenziwe nayiphi na ngelori ezikhoyo ngokorhwebo isisu semoto, ezisetyenziselwa ukuphumla kunye nokutya ukuya abantu abasibhozo ngelo xesha.

Iimpawu eziphambili zale nkqubo

main inzuzo yayo kukuba, njengomnye umntu "Iskander-M" zadalwa. inkqubo enomjukujelwa eyenzelwe yi abathungi ezibalaseleyo ngenxa yokuba data waqokelela Soviet kunye nomkhosi Russian. Okwangoku, awukude lidlula lonke uphuhliso zangaphambili nje kuphela ekhaya, kodwa zonke iimodeli angaphandle ezikhuphisanayo.

Ngokubanzi, anti-moya enomjukujelwa complex "Iskander" kukho inani iimpawu eziphambili:

• Kakhu- lahluleka echanileyo nokuba amancinci kakuhle ayakhuselwa iinjongo emoyeni.
• Banyebeleza and deployment ngokukhawuleza yenza umdlali kakhulu yingozi.
• umsebenzi Mortal iya kwenziwa ngempumelelo kwanaxa counteraction esebenzayo yotshaba.
• uphume Excellent kunye patency Committe ezibonelelwa zizithuthi eliphezulu-yokusebenza isisu semoto.
• Ngezinga eliphezulu esizisebenzelayo zonke iinkqubo yokulwa.
• Iyahlala lula ukulungisa, nokuba intsimi.

Ukongeza, le yokusebenza-Committe enomjukujelwa complex "Iskander" idibana zonke iimfuneko ezibekwe yi yezizwe ngezizwe kwi non-proliferation kweentlobo ezithile izixhobo. Impixano sobulali singamiswa ibonwe njengezixhobo kwiinzame zokuthintela, kwaye kumazwe nemida amancinane kwaye wenza ukuba uhlobo olungundoqo lwe ngezikhali. isakhiwo sayo kubonisa ithuba lokuguquka ngakumbi, oqinisekisa "Iskander" inkonzo ende lelokugada iimfuno zoluntu.

Ezinye izinto ezakhayo

umyalelo kunye nenkqubo yolawulo kuthi kunxulunyaniswe kakhulu ngezixhobo efanayo kwazo zonke izibonelelo ezifana, eziphezu kwezikhali karhulumente. Ayikwazi ukufumana ulwazi hayi kuphela yokuqokelelwa kwedatha umatshini kunye nokulungiswa, kodwa kwesimo moya, UAV okanye ezinye izixhobo. Flight mission ibalwa phantse ngephanyazo. Iqela ekuqaleni yokulwa kugalalwe kuphela kukumthetheli-zakhiwo, kodwa yeyona umyalelo wamajoni indawo ezivaliweyo.

Ekubeni omnye "Iskander" is on kwibhodi imijukujelwa ezimbini, naphakathi volleys zabo musa ukuthatha imizuzu angapha kwesibini, amandla ngokupheleleyo imiphako ezi izakhiwo ukwahlula ifana naleyo ye kwilizwe elincinane. Enyanisweni, ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwe-iimbumbulu, iingalo yomzekelo elilingana ngokupheleleyo isixhobo yenyukliya uluhlu elifutshane.