Yombhobho gas engundoqo "Amandla eSiberia": scheme

Russia neChina baye babe ngabalingane usondele kwinkalo yezoqoqosho kunye kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Phakathi nahambele isivumelwano zibalaseleyo ngokwemiqathango yokusebenzisana kwicandelo loshishino. Kwabo ziquka isivumelwano igesi e China amafutha blue kumnombo "Amandla eSiberia."

Zeziphi iinkcukacha ephawulekayo malunga nale projekthi? Yintoni na icebo unikezelo ecwangcisiweyo berhasi eRussia kuya China?

ulwazi Basic ngale projekthi

Lwemibhobho "Amandla eSiberia" eza kubanjelwa eTshayina ukusuka Yakutia. Esi sixeko sikhulu, apho uya kudlula - Blagoveshchensk, iyavuma kunye Vladivostok. I 'Amandla eSiberia "- phakathi eziphambili liphezulu" Gazprom ". Umsebenzi ehambelana iza kwenziwa zozibini Russian kunye icala Chinese. Yombhobho uya kumanyanisa inkqubo yokuhambisa amafutha kwi Irkutsk kunye Yakutsk amaziko kwemveliso gas. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba igama projekthi - "The Amandla eSiberia" - i-Russian Federation emiselwe iziphumo nomlo.

Kuthathwa ukuba icandelo lokuqala mbhobho - ukusuka Yakutia ukuya iyavuma, uze emva koko Vladivostok - ziza kugunyaziswa ekupheleni kuka-2017. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba indlela ye ugqithiso igesi yombhobho iza kuhamba kunye nendlela yombhobho oyile ukusuka eMpuma eSiberia ukuya kwicala kunxweme wePasifiki. Oku kuya kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zolwakhiwo lwezibonelelo zeprojekthi eziyimfuneko isibonelelo samandla.

Iimpawu kunye circuit yombhobho

I 'Amandla eSiberia "ibandakanya ukwakhiwa kumgca transmission kwerhasi malunga 4 amawaka. Km. Kuya kusetyenziselwa imveliso yerhasi yendalo, njengoko sele sibonile ngentla apha, ukususela kumaziko yemveliso amabini - Irkutsk kunye Yakutsk, kwicala iyavuma. Kulindeleke ukuba yombhobho iya kuba stimulus enamandla yophuhliso loqoqosho hayi kuphela kwiMpuma Ekude, kodwa inxalenye Asian ye-Russian Federation liphela. Oku kuya kwenzeka kuphela ngenxa ingeniso ephezulu ngqo kunye ukuvela kwemisebenzi imveliso igesi kunye nezothutho neenkampani, kodwa ngenxa yokwandisa inqanaba gasification zokuhlala kunye, ngenxa yoko, amathuba xa bekusungulwa imveliso entsha. Ezi nkqubo ziza kuba ngakumbi zichatshazelwa inkxaso-mali, ingakumbi, ngokuxhomekeka phantsi kwenkqubo yophuhliso igesi kwi Territory Primorsky.

Imephu Mcetywa "Amandla eSiberia" ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

Siyabona ukuba inkqubo le projekthi ajolise ekufikeleleni indawo enkulu. Kuya kuba umdla ukuhlola umda kwezoqoqosho zale projekthi.

isikali uqoqosho

Lwemibhobho "Amandla eSiberia" - phakathi iiprojekthi likhulu kwimbali yophuhliso loqoqosho Russia yanamhlanje. Njengoko sisazi, imvumelwano igesi enkulu, okubangela 'Gazprom "waba ithuba faka kwimarike entsha iphawulwa ibe omkhulu yatyikitywa phakathi kwe-Russia, China. Ngokutsho ezinye iingqikelelo, Russia ndikunikela China malunga omnye triliyoni cubic metres gas abangama malunga $ 400 yezigidi zezigidi. Thelekisa, eRashiya GDP kwi PPP zimalunga nesi-3.5 ezigidi zeerandi. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba otyalayo of "Gazprom", i-China National Petroleum Corporation, uya phambili malunga $ 25 billion phambi kokuba unikezelo amafutha iya kuqalisa. Eliqikelelwayo sisakhono esibalulekileyo wegesi - malunga 38 billion cubic metres yerhasi ngonyaka. zokuhamba fuels ngamandla ehambisana nalo salathisi kufikelelwa njengoko kulindeleke iminyaka emi-5 ukususela ekuqaleni unikezelo lokuqala.

Ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, yombhobho "Amandla eSiberia" ziza kuboniswa xa umthamo epheleleyo 2024. Ngoku Iinkampani Russian inxaxheba kumalungiselelo kwiziza zokwakha, kwakunye nokungeniswa kwe izinto eziyimfuneko kunye nezixhobo. Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2015 i-site ziya kusiwa 500-600 thous. iitoni kwezixhobo. Kwakhona ngo-2015 ilindeleke ukuba ukuqala ukwakhiwa yombhobho ugqithiso igesi kuqala.

Ukungena yesivumelwano

Kwenziwe imvumelwano phakathi eRashiya neChina ngenxa unikezelo kukudla indlela ekuthiwa-mpuma sasayinwa ngomhla we-13 Oktobha 2014 kwinqanaba zombini oorhulumente. Ngokwesivumelwano osibubone iimeko eziphambili ubambiswano phakathi eRashiya China kwicala le projekthi, kuquka nomba loyilo, ukwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza kwiindawo cross-emdeni mome. Ukwakhiwa yombhobho "Amandla eSiberia" yadluliselwa kwisakhono ngamaqela amabini - i Russian "Gazprom" kunye CNPC (China National Petroleum Corporation).

Kokusayina isivumelwano phakathi eRashiya China ekwakhiweni umgca phantsi ingqalelo kuye ukuba ilizwe lethu ukuba ukubala phezu kwandiswe ubonelelo yerhasi yendalo. Ngoku, ngokutsho abahlalutyi, ingalandwa ukuxhomekeka enzima kakhulu on yokuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle igesi IsiRashiya ukuya eYurophu. Ukongeza, ngenxa umahluko zezopolitiko phakathi Russia kunye West kunokuba nzima kunye nophuhliso ngakumbi kule kwicala elifanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, indlela yokuziqhelanisa ezithunyelwa irhasi China - njengenyathelo lweentlanga ezahlukeneyo ezifuneka kakhulu ubonelelo. China - worhwebo ukhulayo kunye ushishino ziphuhliswe, nto leyo esoloko udinga izixa ezikhulu yerhasi yendalo. Russian Federation - enye zabathengisi abambalwa Abaxhobele ukuthengisa irhasi China uzinzile nolufikelelekayo.

igesi Resources

Ngoko ke, lo mbhobho "Amandla eSiberia" ndikunikela China amafutha eziveliswa kumaziko Irkutsk kunye Yakutsk. Ngokumalunga resource yokuqala, kulindeleke imveliso igesi intsimi Kovykta. Noninzi lwezinto kuzo amafutha kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-1,5 ezigidi cm. Ngokubhekiselele kwiziko Yakut zemveliso kuya Chayandinskoye entsimini. koovimba zayo malunga 1.2 tcm.

Iimpawu ze ukwakhiwa wegesi

Ngenxa yoko, sibona indlela enamandla kwande ke kuquka inxalenye igama, "The Amandla eSiberia" - wegesi. Ngubani wakha na? Ngubani na lo unokontraka jikelele ukuphunyezwa kwale projekthi ngamazwe?

An into umdla kukuba iikontraki yombhobho jikelele "Amandla eSiberia" abachaphazelekayo ukuze kungabi. Ubuncinane kumajelo eendaba naa lo mbono. Kuthathwa ukuba ukwakha wegesi "Amandla eSiberia" kontraki ziya kumelwa yi kwemibutho ezincinane. Ngale ndlela, i "Gazprom", njengoko kuqatshelwe abanye abahlaziyi, watshintsha loo maqhinga akhe - ngaphambi corporation igesi Russian kodwa wakhetha liqabane elikhokelayo. Kwimeko yeprojekthi enjalo, njengoko yombhobho 'Amandla eSiberia ", ezo kontraki ziya kwenza imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni.

I cebo yesintu

Iskim zemveli eyenziwa "Gazprom", ukusasazwa kwezivumelwano ekucingwa ngayo amaqashiso amakhulu, ukuba ugqibe ngumbutho elikhokelayo, apho benza ukwakhiwa icandelo emendweni. Umzekelo, izibonelelo "South Stream 'ngaphambi kokuba yabhekiswa eTurkey, owayephethe corporation" Stroygazmontazh ". Xiyenge yaseYurophu "South Stream 'kukwakha inkampani" Stroytransgaz ". Ngenxa yoko, le projekthi "North Stream 'yaphunyezwa phantsi kobunkokheli inkampani" Stroygazconsulting ".

lweMelika factor

scheme yokuhlala, abahlalutyi bathi, ayikho kakhulu ngeyona ndlela kule meko zangoku, xa izohlwayo zabekwa malunga Russian Federation evela kumazwe aseNtshona. Into yokuba ezi nkampani Russian wafika phantsi kwabo, ukuze babe nako ukufaka ezinye iintlobo izixhobo ezifunekayo. Ngokukodwa, oomatshini Caterpillar kunye neenkqubo iwelding ezifana CRC-Evance, ekuveliseni eUnited States.

iziqinisekiso bemfuno

Enye inguqulelo, echaza kuhlaziywe "Gazprom" umgaqo-nkqubo yawo iikontraki kukuba phantsi kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu-obungaka, nto leyo yombhobho "Amandla eSiberia", iimfuno practice Russian for iziqinisekiso yebhanki. Ubunzima nabo ukuze abe "Gazprom". Isibakala sokuba inkampani eRashiya igesi likhulu ekuhambeni 2015 kufuneka batshintshelwe abatyalwayo yayo ngokulandelelana engange 174,3 billion. Le nto uyityalayo ayisiso kuthathwa yi ngabahlahleli ube mkhulu kakhulu ukuba 'Gazprom ", kodwa ke ngoko nomtsalane thina mboleko ixesha elide kwimeko lwengeniso shortfall.

Kukho iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba ulwakhiwo mbhobho "Amandla eSiberia" xa lilonke kuya umdla yeenkampani-15. Phakathi kwabo, ngexesha elifanayo kukho inkampani "Stroytransgaz". Phakathi kwezinye iinkampani ngayo "Gazprom" ukuze angene izivumelwano - EVRAKOR, "Ufakelo Special Argus", "Irkutskneftegazstroy", "SpetsMontazhProekt".

Uqikelelo lweendleko zokwakhiwa "Amandla eSiberia" - malunga 770 billion engange .. Kwezi, ingakumbi, ukuze uqoqosho weRiphabliki Sakha kuya imali malunga 283 ezigidi. Thambisani.

novandlakanyo lweprojekthi

Ngoko ke, siye safunda nezalathisi zoqoqosho esisiseko le projekthi. Thina imephu mbhobho "Amandla eSiberia" Kwakhona uphando. Yintoni na uvandlakanyo ngamathemba uyilo afanelekileyo abahlalutyi eendaba Russian?

Ngokubanzi, bayavuma ukuba "Amandla eSiberia" - umzekelo intsebenziswano ngempumelelo ngamazwe. Isibakala sokuba yombhobho kufuneka ngomlinganiselo ofanayo abasuka eRashiya kunye neTshayina. Xa imeko yezopolitiko kule projekthi, njengoko abahlaziyi bakholelwa, iye yomelezwa nangakumbi ukwakha phakathi kwamazwe amabini.

Isiphumo kwezoqoqosho kuqikelelwa ziingcali kuphela HIV. Revenue Gazprom sonikezelo amafutha, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, ziya kuba malunga $ 400 yezigidi zezigidi. inkxaso ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho Russian Federation uya kufumana imimandla ehambelana - zombini ngokuphathelele kutyalomali, kwaye ngokubhekiselele ukwakha izibonelelo ezitsha, kubandakanya mveliso.

Kukho uguqulelo ukuba abathengi eziphambili berhasi ehlabathini kwixesha eliphakathi iya kuba China ne India. "Amandla eSiberia" - iprojekthi leyo, kule ndlela, siyasebenza ngokupheleleyo ngokwemigqaliselo unxulumano kunye yentsingeiselo eninzi yoqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngokutsho ezinye iingqikelelo, ngowe-2020 nemiba yokusebenzisa igesi China uya kufikelela malunga 420 ezigidi. Cubic metres.

IRussia neChina asayina isivumelwano kubonelelo igesi, kwavula amathuba okwandisa intsebenziswano kwiingingqi emdeni. Ngenxa ubukho Russian Federation of kwezibonelelo ezitsha nga ngempumelelo ukuphuhlisa iidipozithi ezintsha zendalo, apho zizityebi eSiberia nakwiMpuma Ekude. Kukho amathuba ngokwemiqathango endaweni yokungenisa, ukwandisa umthamo yemveliso-mveliso kule ngingqi.

Ukwakhiwa yombhobho "Amandla eSiberia", kulindeleke ukuba ibe ngumba entle ekuphuhliseni kummandla eSiberia East Far liphela, kubandakanywa nenkalo lwentlalo. Abemi abahlala kwimimandla efanelekileyo Russia uya kufumana amathuba amatsha engqesho, ushishino, imfundo.

Yokumthundezela ukuba imali

Ukukhula kuqoqosho eSiberia kunye East Far uya igqitywe njengoko kulindelekile abahlaziyi, ukukhula mali umdla kule mimandla. Ngelo xesha ilindela ukuba emasimini awo ukuba benze imisebenzi kungekuphela koosomashishini evela eTshayina, apho lisondele kakhulu, kodwa ukusuka kwamanye amazwe - ingakumbi, South Korea, Vietnam, Singapore. Silindele ukuba yokuqhelanisa ebonakalayo ephambili zabatyali zasekhaya. Abaninzi kubo ngoku imali kwiiprojekthi zaphesheya, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ikomkhulu labo liya kwakhona ngqo kuqoqosho eSiberia kunye Russian East Far. Oku kunokukunceda kunye nezithintelo ukwayo esebenzayo iinkampani Russian.