Idolo: umsebenzi technology isixhobo. nololiwe

Kuyinxalenye yentlanganisela kwempahla kaloliwe yeyona yokuhlela umsebenzi apho makeup ucwangciselwe kuthunyelwa enye okanye ngenye into. Station, apho nokunikezelwa kweempahla, ebizwa yokuhlela. Xa umsebenzi wabo basebenzisa ezininzi izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, intloko yona idolo. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na nendlela esebenza.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Idolo - isakhiwo ibekwe kwi kummandla wesikhululo sikaloliwe kunye oyinxalenye okanye ukudilizwa kwamaZiko kwempahla esiqeqesha oololiwe. Eneneni, kukho udonga apho zibekwa w / e indlela. Uyilo iqulathe amacandelo ezintathu eziphambili: isiliphu-on yinxalenye, kwaye idreyini ngayo idolo. On longele ukwakheka esiza nge kaloliwe. Ke imoto ngalinye phantsi kwempembelelo womxhuzulane yedwa liqengqwa ukuya kuyo kwicala ngokulahlekelwa, nto leyo kubekwe ethambekeni. Phakathi imiqulu off izilayidi okanye zizisu unhook (iinqwelo ezininzi ezinxulumene) ukusekwa lokuphumla ngokwaneleyo ukuba ukudlulisela iintolo ngokungqinelana nesicwangciso bokwakha kokwakheka. iinqwelwana Isantya kaloliwe ilawulwa kwizikhundla waqhekeza, ezo baxhotyiswa retarders wagon.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo

Encotsheni yenduli ekuthiwa indawo yayo ephezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuphakama kwayo uvela kweemitha 3.5 ukuya 4.5. Apha iinqwelo okanye unhook ithunyelwe podgorochnye umendo khona. Umahluko ukuphakama phakathi kweenduli ekuthiwa enekona yayo nencopho ebalwe ukuba podgorochnogo ngokuthimba endleleni embi. Ukuphakama sibalwa ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa sicatshulwa emotweni kunye nokusebenza lokuqhuba kakuhle phantsi kweemeko engentle yokusingqongileyo kwinqanaba abaliweyo, nto leyo lithatyathwe isitokhwe kwi-50 m ukusuka ekupheleni ukuma wagaleleka ngendlela enzima. izilayidi idolo ebizwa iinqwelo yinxalenye yawo, ukusukela apho inqwelo okanye unhooked iqala intshukumo phantsi ezizimeleyo.

Isiliphu-inxalenye - phakathi kwindawo yokugqibela turnouts intamo predgorochnoy abafumana ipaki kunye izilayidi ngaphezulu. Le ndawo lidla ifakwe protivouklonom iimoto lula uncoupling, bawavala. Inxalenye senyanga, ngokulandelelana, kuthiwa ummandla phakathi isilayidi phezulu isiqalo yokuhlela ye epakini. Kweli candelo umzila nge ithambeka kakhulu ibizwa ngokuba isantya.

Types of iiyadi

Zokuhombisa iinduli izakhiwo isenokuba macala, kabini-ivumelene njalo. Le yokugqibela luqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiiyunithi ezinkulu zokuhlela, kunye isixa esikhulu somsebenzi kumacala omabini. izilayidi ngaphambili zakhiwa kuphela kwiindawo ethambekeni yemvelo yeli lizwe. Uninzi lwezi izilayidi zisekhona ukusetyenziswa. Kamva ke waqala ukwakha iyaguquguquka mqengqeleki kunye kwithambeka ngumntu.

iindlela eziluncedo iimoto elekhtrons angayitshintsha kwakho. Konke kuxhomekeke kwindawo apho ibekwe khona idolo. Izikhululo, apho wakha ngeenxa iindawo zothutho, ekugqibeleni bazibona phakathi komzi. Ezo Ukuhlolwa izityalo neemfuno ezizodwa. Sithetha malunga nokusebenza cwaka yeemodareyitha nezixhobo switch, imithetho ezizodwa, kunye nokuchithwa ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo kummandla esitishini.

Types of parks zokuhlola

Ukuhlela park inokuba ziyafana ubude njengabanye kwizitishi kunye neepaki, okanye iyanqanyulwa. parks kakhulu kwanciphisa eziqhelekileyo eMelika, apho elilungileyo ezisemagqagaleni kunye imigama emide phakathi kwizikhululo ingenza koololiwe extra-elide. Kunciphisa lwaqokelelwa kwenye yokuhlela epakini, uqhagamshele neendlela nabanye polusostavami lokunduluka. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaxesha xa kunilungele ngakumbi ukuba bayile eyadini imoto elide. Konke kuxhomekeke mmandla.

isizukulwana entsha yokuhlela izilayidi zinika ithuba izinto zasekuhlaleni ulawulo ezifana iintolo kunye kweesiginali abafumana / ukuthumela iipaki, kunye nokwenzeka kokuvavanywa zonke iisekethe eziyimfuneko kunye izixhomekeki. Ngaphantsi rhoqo ukuhlangabezana isikhululo esembindini olawulo ulawulo kaloliwe ngokukodwa.

Unhook ummandla unyathela elisemqolo

Eyokuqala kwenzeka kummandla elisemqolo elekhtrons unhook ngenxa yokuzimanya kumathuba phindo. It ikhutshwa phandle TA enye okanye ezimbini (brake position). elekhtrons Okulandelayo - abalibona ithatha indawo epakini, xa indawo buyo.

Kwakhona yaziwa kwizitishi ze "Iziporo Russian" forcipate atyhale-retardants, kunye nezinye iinkqubo esetyenziselwa unyathela. Ngokomzekelo, kwizikhululo kufuphi kwiindawo zokuhlala, ucime izinga kusetyenziswa yimiqolo nokudala isale ngerabha. Usukuzwano amandla esivulekayo xa intshukumo yevili ezintsimbini ukutyabeka irabha, lilawulwa lwemodareyitha. Eyona ethembisayo ke elisemqolo brake indawo baxhotyiswa iimagnethi ngokusisigxina. Bayaphumelela kakhulu ngesantya esiphezulu unhook (ngaphezu kwe-20 km / h).

Unhook i-elekhtrons epakini

Imimandla epaki elekhtrons iimoto okanye unhook ukucwangcisa elithile retarders kangangokuba ukunika ulawulo isantya sasemthethweni esinelungelo lokuwisa rhoqo. Eyona zinakanwa Okwangoku ezi ngongoma ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi iimodareyitha piston model. Bona usebenze xa esisangqa ivili ubaleka aye decelerator piston zixhonywe entanyeni zikaloliwe. Ukuba isantya onenombolo wedatha (ibhalisiwe nge woluvo), amandla kwemfuneko kwikinetiki licinywe xa piston isusiwe ezantsi.

EYurophu, yande wafumana retarder siba hydraulic. Xa buyo isebenza kuyo, lo esisangqa ivili iza udibana ne isantya Buze lombhobho, nevuthisayo ekwenziweni turnover, ukuthatha inxaxheba zamandla yevili. Resistance, nto leyo eya kuba retarder lenqwelo uxhomekeke kubungakanani begalelo olenzayo nesantya imoto lingaphezu eqhelekileyo.

Elekhtrons kwi kwizikhululo kwithambeka yendalo

iiyadi nge icala zokulawula isantya yendalo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kulo ekuhleni, yaye indawo predparkovoy kubandakanywa. Izilayidi baxhotyiswa isizukulwana entsha ngaphandle iinqwelo, ezo iqhele ngaphakathi zengoma kwaye inga siwa ngokusebenzisa iintambo kulawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, uyakwazi nokuba bakhuphe iinqwelo unhooked ukuba iimoto, ukuba leyo ukuba bajoyine. izixhobo ezinjalo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi izitishi / w d Munich, Zurich kunye Rotterdam.

Ngaphezu koko izixhobo ze-elekhtrons ukuhlela izilayidi kwakhona baxhotyiswa accelerators hydraulic. Zidla ibekwe kwindawo epakini, yaye luyasebenza xa unhooked lihamba ngesantya ngaphantsi eqhelekileyo.

Inkqubo yokuqala kwiinduli zokuhombisa

Indlela yokuqala ithambekele ukwabiwa yeemoto yakhiwa e Dresden ngo-1946. Ngelo xesha, enye indlela eya zokuchithwa oololiwe sele ithunyelwe eYurophu - kunye turntables. Ngowe-1858, kwisikhululo Leipzig yakhiwa kuqala inkqubo elisemqolo mkhaya. Ngendlela apho elisemqolo liyasebenza namhlanje, oko kuqala kwakhiwa 1863 kwisikhululo French uTer Nord.

protivouklon lokuqala

Ngowe-1876, xa isityalo waseJamani kuqala ukkhetho kakuhle into eyahlukileyo kunye protivouklonom slip-on inxalenye kunye kwindawo eliphakathi lakhiwa Shpeldorf. izilayidi Ngaphambili yakhiwe ethambekeni yendalo, ngaphandle protivouklona. Ngowe-1891, saqalisa ukuba basebenzise yokuzahlula yokuhlela epakini kwi imiqadi (group indlela). Kunokuba elekhtrons izixhobo xa kusetyenziswa izihlangu wayaphula. Ezi zixhobo elula kule mini zingafumaneka kwi izitishi kwithambeka yendalo.

I retarder lokuqala

Xa eko zenkulungwane yokugqibela eYurophu naseMelika baqalisa ukusebenzisa udidi wagon retarder umqadi. Ngowe-1923, kwisikhululo yaseYurophu Hamm lasungula isakhiwo imishini of retarders ezine hydraulic. Ngenxa wabonakala emhlabeni ngexesha elifanayo indlela yokuba lonke electromechanical elo thuba lokwenza remote control of the kaloliwe kwindawo elisemqolo. Thile emva, izixhobo yokuqala zombane ziye kwadalwa, igcina umyalelo ezidlulayo iimoto. Ngokungqinelana umsebenzi amisiweyo, ukuba zilawulwa ngokuzimeleyo oomatshini iswitshi neyophahla.

isilawuli esizisebenzelayo ngokupheleleyo

Ngowe-1955, kwisikhululo Chicago Kirk ivule kulawulwa elisemqolo isakhiwo kuqala. Ngowe-1970 kuninzi izikhululo eziphambili kwakukho matshini epheleleyo humps womxhuzulane. Emva kwethutyana ke baqala ukusebenzisa irediyo ukulawula zikaloliwe, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe imveliso.

ezizezinye

Kwisiqingatha sesibini kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwakukho umkhwa ukuba ubukho lemithwalo ezincinane. Ngenxa yokwanda ukhuphiswano phakathi kaloliwe kunye nezinye iintlobo container zothutho abe ezifanelekileyo, nto leyo evumela ukuba kuncitshiswe iindleko ukuxinana kwaye wonwabele amancedo yohlobo ngalunye kwezithuthi. Ukuze ukuyilayisha iziqulathi ukusuka iinqwelo kaloliwe ukuya kwendlela yothutho ulwandle, iindawo ezizodwa lweminwe nezixhotyiswe kunye neendlela crane. Ngophuhliso isikhongozeli ekuthumeleni eYurophu, abaninzi ukuhlela izikhululo zibanga iipaki zabo umsebenzi, nto leyo ukuzithwalisa imithwalo emikhulu kwizikhongozeli iimoto nje kuphela elwandle kunye nothutho, kodwa kwezinye oololiwe.

Le MSR complex 32

inkampani Siemens iye yenziwa ukwenzela ukwakhiwa kunye maxesha of iiyadi kaloliwe esimbaxa MSR ezikhethekileyo 32. Kuya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo kunye namandla izilayidi ezinqwenelekayo, kwakunye iprofayili yalo kunye neemeko zendawo idala umfuziselo uvavanywa ngoncedo iikhompyutha elektroniki. Le modeli ibonisa indawo eyona efanelekileyo abenzi isantya vesomery, iimitha unhook imilinganiselo, waqhekeza indawo, kunye nezinye izinto ze ukuhlela zesikhululo.

Le nkqubo avumelane naziphi na iimfuno ngumthengi kubulela kwisixhobo yemodyuli. It lamakhonkco izilayidi kunye kwiinkangeleko ezahlukeneyo, iingqiqo elekhtrons kunye nokusebenza ubunakho. Umzekelo, e Zurich isilayidi, exhobele inkqubo MSR 32, iinkqubo iimoto 330 ngeyure. injini liqhutywa kunomathotholo. E Vienna, kukwahlukana indawo efanayo ngaba inobunzima yeemoto 320 ngeyure nganye. Lo kaloliwe yale iyaguquguquka mqengqeleki isebenza kunomathotholo. Le nkqubo inikeza lonke iyaguquguquka asilonaniselwano eqhubekayo ngolwazi kunye namaziko olawulo. idolo Operator kufuneka kubona kuphela ukuba yonke into wayesebenza njengoko kufuneka. Ikhasi lokuqala USSR, apho Siemens iye ifakwe iteknoloji yayo yaba isikhululo Vaidotai e Lithuania. Ngokuthe ngcembe 32 technology MSR yaneka ehlabathini lonke. Kwizitishi ze JSC "Railways Russian", ke yavavanywa.