Shelf Continental. Regulation kwamalungelo. Ithala le Russian Federation

Imida phakathi nahambele kuphela emhlabeni. Bona ndasolula kuyo imilambo, iilwandle kunye neelwandle, kwakunye nesithuba somoya. YoLwandle okanye olwandle, nto leyo omelene elunxwemeni, nayo impahla karhulumente. Zonke izimbiwa kunye nezinye izinto zexabiso kuba uye ezweni engumnini ntsimi. I-Russian Federation inonxweme elikhulu, ngokulandelelanayo, yaye ummandla emanzini yelo kuyo, kumba kakhulu.

definition

Ukusuka kwindawo geographical yokucingela ithala - intsimi njengezwekazi, ugcwalise ulwandle okanye olwandle. Okunye asithathe - ingxenye kwamanzi belizwe, leyo kufutshane kuyo kwaye isakhiwo zejoloji efanayo. Ngokusemthethweni shelf lizwekazi i komile kunye ongaphantsi, esayamene kwelinye icala ukuya elunxwemeni, kunye nezinye ufikelela ubunzulu oziimitha ezili-200.

Kwezinye iimeko, ubunzulu kwintsele yolwandle ukuya ku-500 eemitha nangaphezulu, njengoko kukho olunye mda. Umthetho International ichazwa, apho ulwandiso ehamba zejoloji ubude kwelizwekazi leyo isenokuba ezantsi site. Ngokuba onke amazwe, ukulahlwa lwalo njengezwekazi kwithala runs umda ecaleni isobath, okanye ungqameko, edityaniswe wahlaba elibukhali kwintsele yolwandle. Kule ndawo ayikwazi abe kwimeko ethile.

ngokomthetho

Komele ezisetyenziswa States, akunguye enye phezu imida amanzi. Kulo mzekelo, umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe lubonise ukuba zeziphi ilizwe Ungasebenzisa shelf zwekazi. Ukongeza, uphuhliso, ukukhuselwa kunye nemisebenzi yorhwebo enxulumene emgangathweni wolwandle, emiselwe yimithetho karhulumente. Ithala le Russian Federation kuxhomekeke uMthetho 187-FZ "Ngomhla neshelufa zwekazi Russian Federation." Ngokutsho kwakhe, urhulumente unelungelo lokusebenzisa elwandle okanye ulwandle phantsi osusela kumgca maza of 200 eekhilomitha elwandle.

Kutheni ezishelfini, amanzi efihlakeleyo

Xa uhlobo wadala kweelwandle, iilwandle okanye ezintabeni, akukho ithathele ingqalelo iimfuno elizayo loluntu. Kwathi kanti, omninzi kobutyebi bendalo buzinze ukuyilwa, nto leyo wambu ngamanzi. On komhlaba, izimbiwa ezininzi kakhulu, kodwa bebe kwaye zithengiswe ndakhawuleza ukuya kunyaka ngamnye, kodwa oovimba kuhamba kuhambe.

shelf Russian elizwekazi iqulethe ukuya kwi-70% yazo zonke izibonelelo zendalo karhulumente. Abanye babo baye ngenkuthalo kakubi, ezinye kuphela lilungiselelwa zophuhliso. Izibonelelo zendalo ziquka izimbiwa, izibonelelo izimbiwa, ngokunjalo izinto eziphilayo komile nokulisebenzisa kwezothutho.

Regulation ukuxhatshazwa kweshelfu zwekazi Russian Federation

Zonke kolwandle, apho iifayile ezisetyenziswa abadlali karhulumente, likhuselwe ngokuhambelana nemithetho Russian kunye nemiqathango yomthetho yolwandle. Ngoko ke, ithala zingasetyenziswa ngezi njongo zilandelayo:

• uphando Marine lwesayensi.
• Isifundo kwintsele yolwandle kunye ongaphantsi.
• Ukuphunyezwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo amangcwaba komile kwaye izaleko yayo.

Ilungelo yedwa ukuhlola nokuphuhlisa neshelufa lwezwekazi ilizwe ngumnikazi kuphela. Zonke izenzo nayiphi na inxalenye kwisifundo phezu kolwandle, endingowakhe ukuya Russian Federation, kufuneka lwenziwe kuphela ngemvume ekhethekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ukuba iRussia ugqiba ukuba aqhube naluphi na uphando okanye amangcwaba, ezinye urhulumente akanakho ukubamba esi ntsimi kwaye usebenzise ngokwakho. Zonke izenzo kusebenza kuphela kwintsele yolwandle, amalungelo ukuba basebenzise imithombo yamanzi phezu ithala, elingaphonoshono umda amanzi, ilizwe ayihambi.

ubunini entsha Russian Federation

Kwicandelo ngalinye kwintsele yolwandle uhlobo lomzabalazo ni nkwetlembetano ehlabathini. Ngo-2014, i-Russian Federation wandise ubunini. Le neshelufa lwezwekazi unxweme eCrimea sicwangcisa ukuphuhlisa afakele ukuhlola. imvelaphi yayo Russian Federation kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo ngenxa wokutyikitywa iSivumelwano ukulawula weRiphabliki eCrimea. Ngesi sihlandlo, kukho izimvo ezahlukeneyo - hayi zonke oosopolitiko Ukraine ukuqaphela ukuba semthethweni kwalo mcimbi. Kunjalo, ngoku shelf Russian.

Ukufunyanwa yesibini yaba ithala kuLwandle Okhotsk. Ngo March 2014 iKomishoni UN waqonda ilungelo Russia ukusebenzisa le ndawo kwamanzi.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, igunya wesigqeba Russian Federation ilungiselela esinye isicelo ingqalelo kwamalungelo ilifa ithala kwi Arctic. ebekiweyo kombisa - ekwindla 2014. Ngoxa kummandla wathi phantsi kophando, leyo eyenzelwe ukubonisa ukuba oku nokuqhubekeka inxalenye emazantsi lizwekazi.