Indima imfazwe inoveli "War Noxolo". Umfanekiso zemfazwe kwinoveli LN "War Noxolo" zikaTolstoy

Ingcamango kwinoveli "War Noxolo" yi uTolstoy abonakala kwangethuba ngo1856. Yenza imisebenzi ukususela 1863 ukuya 1869.

Eqonda UNapoleon ngo-1812 - isiganeko engundoqo imbali kwenkulungwane ye-19. Indima imfazwe inoveli "War Noxolo" kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Ifilosofi wacinga Lva Tolstogo Wawuyinxalenye ubukhulu becala ngenxa umfanekiso walo. Ukubunjwa kweMfazwe inoveli ithatha indawo esembindini. Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich inxulumanisa isiphelo koninzi abalinganiswa bakhe kunye naye. Imfazwe yaqala biography kwisigaba zabo izigqibo, indawo enkulu yophuhliso ngokomoya. Kodwa kuphela kuvuthondaba yonke imigca ibali kusebenza, kodwa ibali zembali, into leyo eyaye bayahlelwa abantu belizwe lethu. Indima imfazwe inoveli "War Noxolo" eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

War - test, kwenziwa kungabi imithetho

Kuye kube nzima kuluntu Russian. Lvom Nikolaevichem War Patriotic ithathwa njengokuba amava eliphilayo vnesoslovnogo ubunye zabantu. Kwathi isikali uhlanga kwi kwizizathu iimfuno zoluntu. Ukutolikwa ke umbhali sikazwelonke War of 1812. Kwaqala ixesha umlilo ESmolensk sixeko phantsi kwaso nasiphina isithethe yeemfazwe edlulileyo ayifaneleki, njengoko kuqatshelwe yi Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich. Ukutshiswa kwiilali needolophu, kokurhoxa emva amadabi amaninzi, ukutshiswa Moscow, Borodin ixilongo, ukubambisa abaphangi, impi yokulwela, pereimka izithuthi - kwaba ngokuphambuka gca evela imithetho. Ukususela umdlalo kwezopolitiko sidlalwe eYurophu baba uNapoleon noAlesandire mna, imfazwe phakathi Russia kunye neFransi iye yaba othandwayo, isiphumo apho bayahlelwa lizwe kwakuxhomekeke. Higher mandla zomkhosi ngexesha elifanayo ayikwazanga esweni ubume iinxalenye: isimo nemiyalelo yayo khange kwenzeke kwi imeko eyiyo imicimbi kwaye zenziwe.

Indida imfazwe kunye nendlela zembali

Indida iphambili yemfazwe, uTolstoy akubona ukuba umkhosi uNapoleon kaThixo, ngokuphumelela phantse lonke idabi, ekugqibeleni ezilahlekileyo phulo liwa, ngaphandle umsebenzi ebonakalayo ngumkhosi Russian. Umxholo inoveli "War Noxolo" ibonisa ukuba ngokoyiswa isiFrentshi - ngokubonakala imithetho yembali. Nangona efika kuqala ukuze tindhawu ingcamango yokuba kwenzeke ntoni na ngqiqweni.

Indima ye-Battle of Borodino

iziqephu ezininzi inoveli "War Noxolo" ichaza ngokweenkcukacha imisebenzi zomkhosi. Ngaloo ndlela Tolstoy uzama ukuvelisa umfanekiso ngokwembali yinyaniso. Enye ugqaliselo ibalulekileyo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II - Kakade ke, i- Battle of Borodino. Ayizange ingqondo mhlawumbi ukuya Russian okanye yaseFransi ngokwemiqathango yesicwangciso-qhinga. UTolstoy, besithi isikhundla sayo, ubhala ukuba japan kwaoko ukuba kwaye oko abantu belizwe lethu ukuba iRussia ngokuyingozi kufutshane ekufeni eMoscow kaThixo. phantse The French watshabalalisa umkhosi wakhe wonke. Tolstoy ugxininisa ukuba kukaNapoleon Kutuzov, ngokuthatha kunye nokunika kwedabi Borodino, beza nganto yaye engathandi, ukungenisa kwi yentswelo efanayo zembali. Isiphumo soku dabi yaba moya nidloba kubahlaseli eMoscow, ukubuya wendlela ESmolensk, ukufa lokuhlasela uNapoleon ngayo eFransi senkulungwane ezimakhulu mahlanu, apho kwi Borodino waphoselwa kuqala esandleni sotshaba, umoya onamandla. Idabi kunjalo, nangona wenza akukho kengoku ngokwembono impi, wayebonisa imithetho ayinakutshintshwa yembali. Kwaba lokulwa.

Ukushiya eMoscow

Ukushiya abahlali eMoscow - kubonisa usinga abemi beli lethu. Esi siganeko, ngokutsho Tolstoy kubaluleke ngaphezu kokurhoxa ukusuka eMoscow, amabutho Russian. Oku kuboniswa isenzo uluntu lokuqonda yoluntu. Abahlali angafuni ukuba ilawulwe umnqobi, bakulungele ukwenza nawuphi na umbingelelo. Kuzo zonke izixeko Russia, hayi kuphela Moscow, abantu bashiya amakhaya abo, Bawutshisa umzi ngomlilo, batshabalalisa impahla yakhe. umkhosi UNapoleon kaThixo wajongana nale meko kuphela kwilizwe lethu. Abahlali kwezinye izixeko oyiswa onke amanye amazwe nje wahlala phantsi kwamandla uNapoleon, ngexesha elifanayo nkqu boyisa ulwamkelo.

Kutheni abahlali bagqiba ukushiya eMoscow?

Leo wagxininisa ukuba labemi eMoscow kwengqukuva washiya izenzekele. Ikratshi yesizwe eyabangela abantu, kunokuba Rostopchin bakhe ubuzwe "chips." I yokuqala washiya elikomkhulu abafundileyo, abantu abazizityebi, owaye esazi kakuhle ukuba eBerlin kunye Vienna wahlala unjalo, nokuba abahlali ngexesha umsebenzi isixeko uNapoleon wachitha ixesha Ndonwaba isiFrentshi, owandithandayo ngoxa abantu Russian yaye ke, amabhinqa. Babengenako ukwenza ngenye indlela, kuba akakho ngenxa bakuthi umbuzo yokuthanda indlela okubi okanye okulungileyo eMoscow phantsi kolawulo isiFrentshi. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba kumandla uNapoleon. Kwaba nje engamkelekanga.

Iimpawu omzabalazo yabanqolobi

Inkalo ebalulekileyo imfazwe kunye uNapoleon wawumkhulu-scale yabanqolobi intshukumo. Lev lakhe Tolstoy ithi "iklabhu lemfazwe ngabantu." Lutshaba sizwe beat engaqondanga, njengenja esine rabies yaluma ekufeni zabegluyu inja (uthelekiso of Leo Tolstoy). Abantu watshabalalisa umkhosi ngeziqingatha ezilingeneyo enkulu. UTolstoy wabhala ubukho "amaqela" (amaqela yabanqolobi) ezahlukeneyo esinenjongo eyodwa - ukugxothwa ilizwe Russian isiFrentshi.

Ngaphandle kokucinga i "ikhondo ishishini", nxaxheba ungaziva Abantu War benze oko yimfuneko nembali ucelwa. Injongo lokwenyaniso esukelwa ngamaqela yabanqolobi, wayengekho kutshabalalisa umkhosi utshaba ngokupheleleyo okanye ukubamba uNapoleon. Kuphela nje abantu abazakhela mbali abahlola oonobumba iinjengele neenkosana, kwiingxelo, communiqués iziganeko ixesha, ngokutsho Tolstoy, kwabakho imfazwe. Injongo "ekudambiseni" yaba umsebenzi wonke ngokuthanda ecacileyo - ngokucacileyo ukususela kuhlaselo lwemimandla elizweni labo.

Umlinganiselo Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo imfazwe

UTolstoy, asekele imfazwe abantu ngayo wenkululeko 1812, wasigweba imfazwe hlobo. Yena Uqikelela njengento ngokunxamnye nohlobo lonke womntu, isizathu sokwenza kwakhe. Naliphi na imfazwe lulwaphulo-mthetho nxamnye lonke uluntu. Ngomhla olwandulela Idabi Borodino Andrey Bolkonsky wayekulungele ukufela ilizwe labo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ningabagwebanga imfazwe, bekholelwa ukuba "le nto elizothe." Ukubulawa ongenangqondo. Indima imfazwe inoveli "War Noxolo" ukungqina oko.

Le ububi bempi

Ngomfanekiso Tolstoy 1812 - uvavanyo wembali, apho abantu Russian ngekratshi ema. Nangona kunjalo, oku ngexesha ukubandezeleka efanayo kunye nosizi, umvambo kwanokupheliswa zabantu. ukubandezeleka yokuziphatha emzimbeni ezifunyanwa ngabo bonke - yaye "unetyala" kunye "nokunene", yaye umphakathi kunye namajoni. Ekupheleni kwemfazwe ayikho izithuko ukuziphindezela ngempazamo kwaye kutshintshwa imvula nofefe Russian nokudelelwa utshaba boyiswa. Kwaye ke bayahlelwa abalinganiswa yabonisa uhlobo nabuntu zeziganeko elo xesha. UPetros wafa, kunye Prince noAndreya. Ekugqibeleni waphula ukufa, unyana omncinane le sisidwangube Rostova ndaza ndakhawuleza ukuphela Count ilya Andreyevich.

Le indima imfazwe inoveli "War Noxolo". Tolstoy njenge sezifundo enkulu, Kakade ke, ayikwazanga kuthunyelelwa evutha ngumoya izwe ngokomfanekiso wakhe. Ulahla imfazwe, leyo ngokwemvelo, ukuba uqhelane namanye imisebenzi yakhe. Ezona mpawu ziphambili zale inoveli "War Noxolo" ezi uphawu umsebenzi lo mbhali.