Umbhali Russian Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin: ebuntwaneni, lokufikisa, Biography

Kuprin Aleksandr Ivanovich - enye iphambili izafobe Russian kwiincwadi 1 isiqingatha 20. Nguye ke umbhali imisebenzi abaziwayo ezifana "Olesya", "garnet isongo", "kaMoleki", "ezimbini zokucwangcisa", "Junkers", "kabini" kunye nabanye. Alexander waphila eqaqambileyo engaqhelekanga ubomi,, enesidima. maxa wambi isiphelo aqatha kuye. Esengumntwana, Aleksandra Kuprina, kunye neminyaka abaqolileyo waniphawula kukungazinzi kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi. Yena waba single-handedly ukulwela inkululeko zemali, nozuko, ukuqondwa kunye nelungelo kubizwa ngokuba umbhali. Ngokuphumela kwiimbandezelo ezininzi Kuprin. Ebuntwaneni bakhe kunye nolutsha ukuba nzima kakhulu. Konke oku kuya kuxoxwa ngazo ngokweenkcukacha.

Imvelaphi umbhali elizayo

Kuprin Aleksandr Ivanovich wazalwa ngo 1870. kowabo - Narovchat. Namhlanje nguye kummandla Penza. Kwazalelwa Kuprin, ngoku imyuziyam (ifoto kuye ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi). Abazali Kuprina baba esingenamali. Ivan, uyise umbhali elizayo, yosapho wabanumzana abahlwempuzekileyo. Waba ligosa okuncinci esoloko enxilile. Xa Alexander Kuphela yesibini kunyaka, wafa ikholera Ivan Ivanovich Kuprin. Ebuntwaneni yombhali elizayo, ngaloo ndlela, kudlule ngaphandle uyise. kuphela ngenkxaso yakhe unina wakhe, nto leyo kukuxelela bebodwa.

Umama Aleksandra Kuprina

Lyubov Alekseevna Kuprina (nee - Kulunchakova), unina womntwana kwanyanzeleka ukuba bahlale endlwini womhlolokazi eMoscow. Ivela apha yhuu iinkumbulo lokuqala babelana nathi Ivan Kuprin. Bakhe ebuntwaneni kubangelwe ndlela nonina. Wayedlala indima yokuba ephakamileyo kubomi nkwenkwe, kungenxa ikamva yehlabathi lonke zombhali. Alexander Wakhumbula ukuba lo mfazi oluqinileyo unothanda, yomelela, yomelela, ezifana osempuma inkosazana (Kulunchakovy babephuma mandulo kusapho Tatar nabathetheli). Nkqu imeko elusizi abahlolokazi Ekhaya, wahlala njalo. Afternoon Lubov wayengqongqo, kodwa ngokuhlwa wajika igqwirha endimangazayo waxelela amabali unyana wakhe ukuba remade ngendlela yaso. La mabali umdla ukulalela Kuprin. ebuntwaneni bakhe ibinzima kunene, aqabukile zamaqhawe kumazwe akude kunye nezidalwa ezingaziwayo. Njengoko umntwana, Alexander Ivanovich ndandijongene ebuhlungu. Noko ke, iingxaki khange makangathintelwa kwimo ngumbhali enjalo abanetalente doda Kuprin.

A ebuntwaneni wachitha endlwini womhlolokazi

Childhood Aleksandra Kuprina awayithabathayo intuthuzelo ngamafa amanene, amaqela isidlo, ithala kayise, apho ungena cwaka ebusuku, izipho zeKrismesi, leyo luyonwabisa kakhulu ukukhangela phantsi komthi kusasa. Kodwa wayesazi amagumbi lenkedama grayness, okukhona ezinqongopheleyo eyakhutshwa ngeeholide, ivumba impahla breech kunye mpakaza nabanonopheli, leyo akazange okwenkawu. Kakade ke, lo istampu yobuntu bakhe washiya kwabaNtwana abasaKhulayo Kuprin. Biography of kweminyaka bakhe kamva kuphawulwa iingxaki ezintsha. Kuyimfuneko ukuxelela ngokufutshane kuwe ngayo.

Military mushtrovoe ebuntwaneni Kuprina

Ngokuba abantwana amalungiselelo zayo iinketho ezininzi isiphelo kwakhona. Omnye wabo - umsebenzi yasemkhosini. Lubov, ukukhathalela umntwana wabo, wagqiba ekubeni unyana wakhe emkhosini. Nomama Alexander Ivanovich ndisuka kungekudala kwafuneka ukuba ahambe. Ukuphila kwakhe kwaqala kokwa wamajoni mushtrovaya sihlandlo, apho ukuqhubekeka Kuprina ebuntwaneni. ngobomi bakhe ngayo ngeli xesha kuphawulwa yokuba wachitha iminyaka eliqela kumaziko karhulumente ka eMoscow. phezulu sokuqala yaba ibhodi Razumovsky inkedama, emva kwexesha elithile - Moscow yeCadet lweSizwe, uze Alexandrov Military School. Kuprin ngeyakhe ndiwuthiyile wonke enye yezi kwimikhukhu. Enye strong kusibiza umbhali elizayo ndamcaphukisa abasemagunyeni, imeko Treasury, oontanga ibhuqiwe neempelesi close kunye nootitshala, "ukunqulwa ngenqindi", iyafana kuzo zonke iimilo mpatswa.

Yeyona wakhula esinzima Kuprin oko. Kuba abantwana kubalulekile ukuba umntu omthandayo, kwaye kule ndlela, Alexander Ivanovich nethamsanqa - ukuba igcinwe umama onothando. Yena wafa ngo-1910.

Kuprin wathumela eKiev

Kuprin Aleksandr, emva kokuphumelela ekholejini, wachitha iminyaka 4 emkhosini. Yena umhlala-ithuba lokuqala (ngo-1894). ULieutenant Kuprin ngonaphakade isuswe iyunifomu yakhe. Wagqiba ukuba bafudukele eKiev.

A nzima umbhali elizayo yaba isixeko esikhulu. Kuprin Aleksandr Ivanovich wachitha ubomi bam yonke kumaziko karhulumente, ngoko ke, ezingafanelanga ukuba zokuphila ezizimeleyo. Ngesi sihlandlo, kamva ngalisayo ukuba eKiev wayefana "yesikolo-Smolyanka" busuku kungeniswa endle emahlathini kwaye washiywa ngaphandle ikhampasi, ukutya kunye neempahla. Akukho lula ngelo xesha yaba umbhali omkhulu onjalo Alexander Kuprin. iinyani ezinika umdla malunga naye ngoxa Kiev eziyelelene noko ukuba uAlexander ukuba siyenze ukuze baziphilise.

Njengoko Kuprin wenza eziphilayo

Ukuze usinde, Alexander wayithabatha phantse naliphi na ishishini. Ngokukhawuleza wazama isandla sakhe njenge umthengisi ukutshaya, induna kolu lwakhiwo, umchweli, umqeshwa kwi-ofisi, osebenza efektri, umncedisi ingcibi, cantor. Ngaxa lithile, Alexander wada wacinga nzulu ukuba ashiye weemonki. Kuprina wakhula nzima, ngokufutshane apha ngasentla, mhlawumbi ngonaphakade yashiya uphawu umphefumlo umbhali elizayo, ngubani kwafuneka ukuba ayamkele inyaniso ngqwabalala ndisemncinane. Ngoko ke, umnqweno wakhe umhlala ku eMonastri kuyaqondakala. Noko ke, Alexander Ivanovich Yayenzelwe neembila zithutha ngenye indlela. Kungekudala wazifumana endle boncwadi.

amava ezibalulekileyo loncwadi kunye ubomi intatheli inkonzo kumaphephandaba Kiev. Alexander wabhala ngayo yonke into - kwezopolitiko, kubulawa, ezentlalo kunye nemiba yoluntu. Kwakhona kwafuneka ukuba bazalise wokuzonwabisa kwikholam, sibhalele uthi cheap melodramatic amabali, leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, babenenkululeko impumelelo kunye artless nomfundi.

Imisebenzi yokuqala kakhulu

Ukusuka phantsi Kuprina usiba ngcembe waqalisa ukuba ashiye umsebenzi kakhulu. Ibali "Enquiry" (elinye igama kuba - "Ukususela elidlulileyo elikude") lwapapashwa ngo-1894. Kwafika ingqokelela "Kyïv lweentlobo", awawabeka bakhe Isincoko Alexander Kuprin. ubuchule kwakhe ixesha elikhankanywe kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi. yingqokelela yamabali amafutshane yapapashwa emva kwexesha elithile phantsi igama "Miniatures". Ibali "kaMoleki" eyapapashwa ngowe-1996, wazenzela igama nabo banqwenela ukuba ababhali. Lakhe nodumo yaqinisa imveliso "Oles" wakhululwa emva and "kabini".

Ukufudukela St. Petersburg

Anton Pavlovich Chehov, ugunyaziwe enkulu uncwadi, abanomdla kwezi mpapasho ngempumelelo. Wayedibana Kuprin e Odessa, waza wamcela ukuba asebenze kwi "Journal for All", epapashwe eSt Petersburg.

Esi sixeko waqala Alexander Ivanovich ubomi obutsha, eqaqambileyo a lot of iintlanganiso, obaqhelileyo, iindywala, nezinto eziphunyeziweyo ngobuchule. Ayephila wakhumbula ukuba Kuprin wayethanda ukuhamba kakuhle. Ngokukodwa, Andrey Sedykh, umbhali Russian, wathi yena wayehlala ngamandla, wayesoloko enxilile yaye ngelo xesha wenza ezoyikekayo ebutsheni bakhe. Alexander angakwenza yobudenge zinto, kwaye maxa wambi ukhohlakele. A Nadezhda Teffi, umbhali, ukhumbula ukuba kunene entsokothileyo umntu, elungileyo umntu, kungabi a simpleton, oko kusenokubonakala ekuqaleni nje.

Kuprin wachaza ukuba umsebenzi lokudala wathabatha phezulu kakhulu amandla kunye nomzamo. Kuba zonke impumelelo, ngokunjalo zoku kusilela, kwafuneka lomvuzo lezempilo, imizwa, wakhe umphefumlo. Kodwa iilwimi ububi babona ekhazimlayo kuphela emabi, uze Njalo ngamarhe ukuba Alexander - playboy, benza unothanda, ndasela.

imisebenzi ezintsha

wayeza Kuprin okanye batshize inzondelelo bakhe, yena usoloko emva zikroboka elandelayo emva edesikeni. Alexander kwixesha nohlaza yobomi bakhe eSt Petersburg, wabhala ngoku ihlelo inoveli yakhe "ezimbini zokucwangcisa". Eli xesha fanele amabali yakhe emfutshane "Umgxobhozo", "I-White Poodle", "Shulamith", "Le umthetheli Rybnikov", "River of Life", "Gambrinus". Emva kwexesha elithile, sele e Odessa, ke yagqitywa "garnet isongo", wammisa malunga nokudala oluthi "Listrigony".

Imiba yobomi Kuprina

Kwikomkhulu, wadibana nomfazi wakhe wokuqala, Davydovoy Mariey Karlovnoy. Ukusuka Kuprina intombi yakhe kwaLidiya. Maria Davydova banika ihlabathi incwadi ebizwa "The Iminyaka loLutsha". Emva kwethutyana, umtshato wabo bawa bebodwa. Alexander Kuprin watshata emva kweminyaka emi-5 Heinrich Elizabeth Moritsovne. Nalo mfazi wahlala de wafa. Kuprina bomtshato yakhe yesibini - neentombi ezimbini. Okokuqala - Zinaida owafayo kusasa, wagula ne pneumonia. Intombi yesibini, Ksenia, waba ongumdlali odumileyo eSoviet kunye nendlela.

Ukufudukela Gatchina

Kuprin, udiniwe ubomi isixeko uxinezeleko, wamshiya St. Petersburg ngowe-1911. Wafudukela Gatchina (idolophu encinane eyakhelwe-8 km ukusuka capital). Apha, apha endlwini "green", wazinza kunye nentsapho yakhe. In Gatchina onke kufuneka abe nobuchule - kwidolophu ezolileyo ipoma, igadi enomthunzi kunye nemipopulari ithala eliphangaleleyo. Esi sixeko namhlanje enxulumene ngokusondeleyo igama Kuprin. Kukho ilayibrari kwisitrato igama lakhe nodumo, kwakunye sisikhumbuzo nelitye kwaye kubekho nentsika yelitye enikezelwe kuye.

Izwe ku Paris

Nangona kunjalo, izinga ulonwabo yafikelela esiphelweni ngo-1919. Okokuqala Kuprin omkhulu Viva nomkhosi ngecala emhlophe, kunye nonyaka kamva wonke usapho bafudukela Paris. Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin abuyele kwilizwe lawo kwiminyaka nje eli-18 kamva, ebudaleni bakhe.

Ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, ukuchaza ezahlukeneyo ezibangela le yokushiywa zombhali. Njengoko ibangwe biographers yiSoviet, ukuba phantse ngenkani bakhutshwe i-White Army futhi yonke iminyaka elandelayo ezayo, kuze kubuye, ogqunywe kwilizwe lasemzini. Nabagxeki wazama ukugwaza kuye, ebhenca ungumngcatshi, akuba banane ilizwe labo kunye yayitalente impahla kumazwe angaphandle.

Buyela kwilizwe labo kunye nokufa umbhali

Ngokutsho memoirs ezininzi, iileta, iidayari, nto leyo eyaba ifumaneke kuluntu kancinane emva koko, ukuba Kuprin cala wayamkela revolution nokuseka igunya. Wambiza familiarly "unokuwuthabatha na."

Xa ebuyela ekhaya sele yaphulwe le endala, wabagxotha izitrato ukwenzela ukubonisa eziyimpumelelo yiSoviet Union. Alexander wathi kwiBolsheviks - abantu emangalisayo. Alone akucaci - kutheni kufuneka imali eninzi.

Noko ke, phezu kuhlelwa ka Kuprin basinda. Ngokuba kuye, waba eParis isixeko esihle, kodwa owasemzini. Kuprin wafa August 25, 1938 wabulawa ngumhlaza womlomo emphinjeni. Ngengomso indimbane zamawaka ayirhawula indlu ka Ababhali eSt Petersburg. Yiza asebenza odumileyo Alexander Ivanovich, kunye abalandeli abanyanisekileyo yomsebenzi wakhe. Bonke beza kunye ukuthumela uhambo lwakhe lokugqibela Kuprin.

Umbhali Childhood A. I. Kuprina, ngokwahlukileyo ngonaphakade abatsha bezinye amanani amaninzi zoncwadi ngelo xesha, kwaba nzima kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngeendlela ezininzi ngenxa zonke ezi badlula nengxaki wazifumana emsebenzini. Kuprin, esakhula aye endlaleni, ezifunyenwe nobutyebi eziphathekayo, nodumo. Namhlanje, umsebenzi wakhe, sidibana ngexesha kwiminyaka yakhe yesikolo.