Le ikhaliphe main zophendlo lwezifo

Reflex - ukutshintsha ezenzeka ngaphandle. Xa yokuwisa kwi ubuchopho okanye luvo ikhaliphe pathologic kwenzeka, leyo ibonakalise ngezifo kweempendulo motor. Ekusebenzeni luvo zombini beacons ukuchonga zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Ingqiqo reflex zophendlo lwezifo

Xa neuron sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi iphambili ubuchopho okanye iindlela neuronal kuvela ingqondo pathologic. Abazibonakalisayo uxhulumaniso olutsha phakathi ezenzeka ngaphandle kunye Impendulo ephilayo kubo, zibe ingqalelo eqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba womntu ungawenzi ngokwanelisayo usabela qha emzimbeni, njengoko kuthelekiswa umntu eqhelekileyo ngaphandle ezimbi.

ikhaliphe ibonisa naziphi na izifo zengqondo okanye luvo ebantwini. Xa abantwana, ikhaliphe ezininzi eqhelekileyo (extensor-ezinyaweni, ukuqonda, owanyayo), ngelixa umntu omdala ithathwa ngokuba ngezifo ezinjalo. Xa kweminyaka emibini, zonke ikhaliphe ezibangelwa inkqubo ethe luvo. Yezifo kwaye ikhaliphe enemiqathango kunye kwemibandela. Okokuqala wabonakalaliswa njengoko impendulo ngokwaneleyo kwizivuseleli, ezisisigxina emianakanyweni elidlulileyo. Le yesibini engaqhelekanga ngokoMthetho zebhayoloji ubudala okanye imeko.

oonobangela

ikhaliphe ezingahambi isenokuba ngenxa yokwenzakala kwengqondo, ezimbi yenkqubo luvo, ezifana:

• umonakalo izifo neuron, izifo umnqonqo, ithumba;
• hypoxia - umsebenzi nobuchopho ayifikelelekanga ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini;
• Stroke - ekubulaleni iimpahla zobuchopho;
• Cerebral Palsy (Cerebral Palsy) - ukungaqheleki iziphene apho ikhaliphe lweentsana ngokuhamba kwexesha alutshitshi, kunye nokuphuhlisa;
• wegazi;
• ukukhubazeka;
• coma;
• imiphumo trauma.

Naziphi na izifo luvo, iibhondi zemithambo umonakalo isifo ubuchopho kungabangela engaqhelekanga, ingqondo mpilweni.

Ukwahlukanisa ikhaliphe zophendlo lwezifo

ikhaliphe yezifo athunyelwa maqela alandelayo:

• Le ikhaliphe kweqondo eliphezulu. Eli qela libandakanya ikhaliphe carpal lwezidumbu, impendulo mpilweni kwizinto yangaphandle kweqondo eliphezulu. Ngamana abonakalise ebambe ngokuzenzekelayo ubambe into. Zenzeke ngexesha ukukhuthazwa ulusu wamasundu emazantsi neminwe.
• Le ikhaliphe kweqondo asezantsi. Ezi ziquka stopnye ikhaliphe lwezidumbu, impendulo ngokucofa nje isando njengokuba ukugoba okanye ukwandiswa phalanges ze iinzwane, eguqa unyawo.
• Ikhaliphe zezihlunu zomlomo - ucutheko okungaqhelekanga imisipha yobuso.

ikhaliphe unyawo

ikhaliphe Extensor neenyawo Ebonakalisa e-nervous system yokuqala. Yezifo Babinski kakhulu bangene yeenkqubo zengqondo. Kuyinto uphawu eliphezulu motor neuron syndrome. Libhekisela kwiqela ingqondo lomzimba elisezantsi. Kubonakala ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Stroke intshukumo esesiphelweni engaphandle yonyawo kukhokelela ukwandiswa nakubhontsi. Isenokuba zikhatshwe sibumba fan zonke iinzwane. Xa kungekho leengxaki na kwinwebu unyawo kukhokelela flexion ngokuzenzekelayo ze ubhontsi okanye zonke iinzwane. Movement kufuneka ibe lula, ngaba ukuvise intlungu. Isizathu sokuba kusekwe Babinski reflex lilibaziseka yi motor ngokubamba imijelo uvuselelo kunye ukuphazamiseka excitation uziziqwempu umnqonqo. Abantwana ukuya kwiminyaka emithandathu ekubonakalisweni Babinski reflex kuthathwa lo mmiselo, ngoko ukuyilwa iqinelwa kunye nendawo nkqo umzimba, ukuba shwaka.

A nomphumela ofanayo kunokwenzeka kunye nezinye iintshukumo phezu receptor:

• Oppenheim kaThixo reflex - ukwandiswa ngomnwe xa ngokucinezela nokusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kunye nobhontsi kule ndawo lesiquluba;
• Gordons isibonakaliso - ucinezelo kwemisipha gastrocnemius;
• LikaSchaeffer isibonakaliso - ucinezelo le umsipha.

flexion engaqhelekanga le ingqondo yonyawo;

• reflex Rossolimo - xa phantsi izithonga izando baxa okanye zeminwe kumphezulu engaphakathi phalanges abhetyebhetye ngokukhawuleza-II V iinzwane;
• Bechterew reflex - ukusabela okufanayo kwenzeka nokukhanya eskrinini kumphezulu olungaphandle kunyawo kummandla amadeo;
• Zhukovsky reflex - siwubona kuhlaselo kwi embindini yonyawo, xa isiseko neminwe.

Ikhaliphe of automatism yomlomo

automatism Oral - kubangelwa isivuseleli kwemisipha emlonyeni, ebonakalisa intshukumo zabo ngokuzenzekelayo. Olu hlobo ikhaliphe zophendlo lwezifo waphawula kule fom zilandelayo:

• Nosogubnyj reflex, kwenzeka xa ihamile rapping kwi kwisiseko impumlo, wabonakalaliswa ngokuzoba imilebe. Isiphumo efanayo inokwenzeka xa basondelayo ukuza emlonyeni (ngomlomo-Umgama na reflex) okanye ukukhanya wasibetha imilebe ephantsi okanye eliphezulu - reflex ngomlomo.
• Palm-isilevu reflex okanye reflex Marinescu-Radovic. Bar movement kwi nasesithupheni entendeni ukuvelisa indlela imisipha yobuso kunye japan kwi intshukumo ye kwesilevu.

reactions enjalo eqhelekileyo kuphela kwiintsana, ubukho abadala - ngezifo.

Synkineses nokusabela zokhuseleko

Synkineses - it ikhaliphe, esibonakala iperi weentshukumo zomzimba. Ngu ikhaliphe yezifo yale hlobo ziquka:

• synkinesis jikelele (xa ugoba izandla unbent umlenze okanye ngenye indlela);
• Ukulinganisa: ukuphindaphindwa ngokuzenzekelayo yeentshukumo mpilweni (ukhubazekile) iintshukumo yalityatya kwezempilo;
• koordinatornyh: Iintshukumo ezikhululekileyo imilenze mpilweni.

Synkineses ngokuzenzekelayo zenzeka iintshukumo xa esebenzayo. Ngokomzekelo, xa uqhuba isandla esempilweni okanye unyawo kwi kwesebe kofe kwenzeka ezizenzekelayo imisipha, kukho intshukumo usonge esandleni, extensor - imilenze.

ikhaliphe zothintelo zenzeke ngexesha ukukhuthazwa imilenze efe walubonakalalisa wakhe iintshukumo ngokuzenzekelayo. Isivuseleli kusenokuba, umzekelo, i-inaliti inaliti. reactions ezinjalo kuthiwa automatism spinal. Ngu ikhaliphe zokhuselo inokuquka uphawu Marie Foy Bechtereva - ngokugoba iinzwane kukhokelela imilenze ukugoba ngokuzenzekelayo kwi kwedolo hip.

ikhaliphe tonic

ikhaliphe Ngesiqhelo tonic zibonakale abantwana ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu. Ukuqhubeka, nokubonakala kwazo nazo ngenyanga yesihlanu wobomi ubungqina ngokoyiswa umntwana abanedumbe lobuchopho. Xa Cerebral Palsy iziphene motor automatism ungacimi, yaye siqhubeke sikhula. Kwabo kwaye ziquka ikhaliphe ezingaqhelekanga tonic:

• tonic reflex mibono. Ungene kwizikhundla ezimbini - emqolo nesisu - kwaye kubonakala ngokuxhomekeke indawo kwisithuba zentloko wosana olo. Xa abantwana abanedumbe lengqondo luboniswa ithoni ephakamileyo izihlunu extensor kwindawo lisalele kunye flexion xa umntwana elele esiswini sakhe.
• Twatsa tonic reflex entanyeni. Xa Cerebral Palsy alubonakalisa impembelelo intshukumo intloko nethoni izihlunu.
• Azilingani yentamo tonic reflex. Ubonisa ithoni ukwanda izihlunu xa ekuguquleni intloko ukuya kwicala elinye. Kwelinye icala, nto leyo icinyiwe ubuso, izihlunu extensor luyasebenza, yaye ukususela Nape entanyeni - flexor.

Xa ICP ukuba kungenzeka na ikhaliphe tonic ebonisa ubukhali sifo.

ikhaliphe imicu

ikhaliphe imicu ngokuqhelekileyo ebangelwa ngesibetho ngesando imicu. Zahlula-hlulwe iintlobo:

• imicu reflex kwemisipha zomfana. Ukuphendula ihamile igalelo kwi ingalo yakhe baphikele ingqiniba yakhe.
• Imicu esineendidi reflex. Ingalo uyaguqa kwi engqinibeni, kunye nefuthe kwenzeka ukwandiswa.
• Idolo-jerk reaction. Blow iwela esihlunwini quadriceps womlenze, phantsi ivi. imilenze ukwandiswa kwi joint emadolweni - Isiphumo.

ikhaliphe imicu yezifo kwenzeka engekho abasabela imivumbo isando. Ngamana kwenzeka uphelelwa ngamandla, angabikho zingqondweni, ukwenzakala umnqonqo.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka unyango?

ikhaliphe yezifo e yeenkqubo zengqondo bebodwa abaphathwa, ngoko ke akukho isifo esinye kodwa nje iliphawu ezithile ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Abazingqinayo kwiingxaki zobuchopho kwaye luvo. Ngoko kuyimfuneko, kuqala kwiinto zonke, khangela ukuba unobangela inkangeleko yazo. Kuphela emva kokuba setting ugqirha Uxilongo ukuthetha malunga unyango oluthile, kuba oko kuyimfuneko ukuze ukunyanga kanye unobangela, hayi iimpawu. ikhaliphe yezifo inokunceda kuphela ukuchonga isifo kunye namandla aso.