Indima ezingakhiyo ezintle iintsholongwane

Ngokwamanani ubuninzi, eziphilayo incinane abaphilayo - yeyona ezininzi abemi belizwe, iilwandle, emoyeni. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, omnye kuphela yegram umhlaba inokuthatha ngaphezu kwesinye lezigidi iintsholongwane. Kwaye ngokunxulumene zokuhlala umhlaba eziphilayo abahlala kwindawo ebekekileyo kuqala. Ngapha koko, ukuba wabonakala phezu emhlabeni kwiminyaka engaphezu 3.7 billion eyadlulayo. Kwaye abanye babo baye lutshintsho encinane ngisho! Yintoni indima iintsholongwane kwindalo? Apho iinkqubo jikelele ezibandakanyekayo, ezi zidalwa ezincinane? Ukuba zeziphi ezizezona kuluncedo kwaye eziyingozi emzimbeni womntu? Yonke le mibuzo iza kuzama ukunika iimpendulo ngokufutshane kweli nqaku.

A kangako ngayo iintsholongwane

Nature, ukudala intsholongwane wawanika umda ibonwe neempawu ezininzi ilahlekile uninzi lwezinye abemi uMhlaba. Bona bayakwazi withstanding amaqondo obushushu aphezulu nezisezantsi, ngokulula vacancies koxinzelelo oluphezulu nezisezantsi esesibhakabhakeni, phantse ingekho i-oksijini. Cya ngokungathi yenzelwe zokusonjululwa siyibambe ezintsha, ukulungisa phezu imimandla ezingaqhelekanga, kodwa asihlali. Njengoko isakhiwo ngokwanelisayo isintu (uninzi - elilodwa) intsholongwane kufuneka ube elikhulu amandla, ukuba mhlawumbi zisebenzayo iintlobo ezaziwayo ekhoyo ebomini.

Apho bahlala

Ezi eziphilayo aba ikuyo, zifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo; phezu komhlaba, phakathi elwandle, emoyeni nkqu nangaphakathi nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Bona niyingxokolo eninzi nje, inqwaba. Ngaphandle koku, le ntsholongwane ukuba umntu "esiqhelekileyo" kutshanje kuphela, emva kokusungulwa isixhobo woqondo, Akwandise izinto. Ke oosonzululwazi baye bakwazi ukubona kubo, bathi, isandla kuqala. Phambi koko, amathanga enkulu iintsholongwane khona siyathandaza, babenabo akayiboni okanye umonakalo kubo bonke abantu. Yintoni indima iintsholongwane kwindalo? Nguwuphi na kubo zinceda, yaye yintoni okubi? Makhe sijonge phantsi neemicroscope lowo!

Indima esihle iintsholongwane

Ezi nabemi bamandulo umhlaba kwabonakala ukuba abakhathalele kwindawo yabo yokuhlala, nto leyo inzuzo enkulu kwihlabathi lonke jikelele, kwaye nobuntu ngokukodwa. Indima esihle iintsholongwane kunokubonwa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo yempembelelo: uhlobo, emoyeni, abantu. Makhe siqwalasele ngamnye kubo.

kohola uhlobo

Eyona nto kukuba uninzi iintsholongwane badla uhlala abafileyo bezinye izidalwa, njengokuba uhlobo "ngabanyamekeli", ezihlambulule uhlobo le mfucuza musa ukuvumela ukuba nomzi iimveliso inkunkuma. Ngesayensi, le nto kuthiwa saprotroph. Ngaphandle kolu hlobo iintsholongwane ihlabathi, belivile nje phezu ubunzima lwenkunkuma luza kulahlwa ngokusisigxina. Yiloo nto iintsholongwane ezininzi, bazenze abongikazi.

ulwelwe Blue-eluhlaza

Kwaye ezi icyanobacteria, ngaphambili ngempazamo ngokuba ulele, ziyakwazi inxaxheba photosynthesis. indima entle iintsholongwane yolu hlobo imveliso oksijini mass. Izazinzulu sele uqinisekile ukuba kudala ezi eziphilayo ezincinane baqalisa ukwenza koMhlaba. Ngenxa yoko, kwaba kanye indlela owoyamaniswe kuyo zwa yayo. Kakade ke, kwiindawo zale mihla oxygen by ifotosinthesisi ukuvelisa kuphela ulwelwe blue-eluhlaza. Kodwa ke igunya kunye nesabelo yengonyama - emva kwabo. Kwaye kwakungenakwenzeka ngaphandle kwezi magciwane ekubunjweni enezityalo nezilwanyana emhlabeni ngo kuhlobo ezikhoyo namhlanje.

Ukujikeleziswa kwezinto

Enye indima ezakhayo iintsholongwane - ukuthatha inxaxheba kushicilelwa kwezinto kwindalo. On umhlaba elwandle, emoyeni njalo exchange zehlabathi lweziqalelo. Zonke izinto kwi uMhlaba uthuthela ephilayo omnye komnye. Ngaphandle Cya, inguqulelo enjalo bekuya kuba nje akunakwenzeka. Okufundwa nitrogen inzululwazi inkqubo umjikelo, equka amanyathelo aliqela: nitrogen, igcwala, ukuncitshiswa (ngokuthi anokungenwa okanye ammonification). Kuzo zonke zontathu iimeko, iinkqubo ziqhutywa ngamaqela athile iintsholongwane. Le eziguqula kunye amagciwane aerobic inxaxheba yokubola kunye nokuguqulwa iinkqubo ze kwiproteni. Izazinzulu phendla inxaxheba kula-izidalwa kwi yokuzala kunye nokuguqulwa carbon dioxide, isalfure, intsimbi, kunye phosphorus. Okwangoku phantsi kophando ngakumbi la.

ngekhonkco lokutya

Yintoni indima iintsholongwane kwimeko ngamandla eziphilayo? Ngaphandle kokuba ezi zinto ziphilayo zezi microscopically ezincinane, baya kuba kukutya ezinye zezidalwa ezinkulu. Nto leyo, zidle kwabanye. Kakade ke, umzekelo, kuba abantu amagciwane inxalenye ebalulekileyo yokudla. Kodwa ngokungangqalanga senza kuyidla, ngaphandle kwaye iqaphela. A Umzekelo okumangalisayo - ukutya ekulondolozweni umphanda, kwaye wonke "kislomolochka" (ngasendleleni, ibhiya kunye newayini kwakhona ziziphumo umsebenzi iintsholongwane kunye fungi). njalo iimveliso ezifana ezikhoyo cuisine yesizwe yabantu behlabathi.

ngokuba umntu

Yintoni indima kubomi iintsholongwane (indoda)? Le amagciwane aphilayo ethunjini zezi "abamelwane." Okulungileyo-natured and friendly Ezi ziquka Bifidobacterium kunye Bacteroides and E. coli, enterococci, lactobacilli. Bonke bephela ukwenza microflora luncedo kwaye yenze imisebenzi zokuzikhusela esiswini. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba zonke magciwane ethunjini ubunzima malunga ezintathu eekhilogram. Yinto kakhulu intle ngokwalo ipesenti.

Indima esibi iintsholongwane

Kodwa ezi amagciwane edlalwa kokusingqongileyo ubomi bomntu kuphela indima entle. Emzimbeni wethu, ezinye iintsholongwane (malunga 1%), inokuba nempembelelo yayintsholongwane eyosulela kwiimeko ezithile. ingozi Great kwamagciwane nethala olwaye lwamfimfitha ezinokubangela izifo ezosulelayo: .. Plague, kholera, njl Kwezi zifo akanangozi ingabizwa angina, nangokurhala miphungeni. Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi, izazinzulu bakhetha ukugcina ezi izitshabalalisi bancinane phantsi kolawulo.

Enye indima esibi iintsholongwane - ukuzibandakanya yabo ezityiwayo zenkohlakalo. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, bayakwazi 'ukutya' ekhohlo ngaphandle efrijini ukutya ixesha entle ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko, ngenxa yabantu, ezi mveliso zibe Asinakusebenziseka.