Indawo yendawo yePacific: inkcazo kunye neempawu

I-Pacific Ocean (imephu yehlabathi inikeza ithuba lokuqonda ngokucacileyo apho ikhona) - inxalenye yendawo yamanzi emhlabeni. Nguye omkhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngokomlinganiselo wamanzi kunye nommandla, into echazwe ihlala kwisiqingatha somthamo wommandla wonke wamanzi. Ukongezelela, kuseLwandle lwasePacific ukuba iindawo eziphantsi kakhulu zokuhlaselwa komhlaba. Ngokomlinganiselo weziqithi kummandla wamanzi, ikwaqala kuqala. Ukuhlamba amanxweme onke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Afrika.

Isici

Njengoko kuthethwe ngaphambili, indawo ye-Pacific Ocean ifakwe ngendlela enokuthi ithatha inxalenye enkulu yeplanethi. Ummandla wayo u-178 wezigidi km ² . Umthamo wamanzi - i-710 yezigidi km ² . Ukusuka ngasenyakatho ukuya ngasentla, ulwandle luhamba ngeekhilomitha eziyi-16 eziliwaka, ukusuka empuma ukuya entshonalanga-18,000 km. Umhlaba wonke womhlaba uza kuba nommandla ongaphantsi kweLwandle lwasePacific nge-30 million km ² .

Imida

Indawo yokuhlala yePacific ivumela ukuba ibe nommandla obalaseleyo kwiMzantsi neNyakatho yeNtlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yemali enkulu yomhlaba ekupheleni kwaloo ndawo, indawo yamanzi icacisa ngokucacileyo ukuya ngasentla.

Imida ye-Pacific Ocean ilandelayo:

• Empuma: lihlamba iindawo zomhlabakazikazi zaseMelika ezimbini.
• Ngasenyakatho: umda wecala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Eurasia, iziqithi zaseMalaysia nase-Indonesia, umda wasempumalanga wase-Australia.
• Ezantsi: ulwandle luhlala kwiqhwa laseAntarctica.
• Ngasenyakatho: ngeBering Strait, eyahlula i-Alaska yaseMerika kunye neRussia iChukotka, idibanisa namanzi e-Arctic Ocean.
• Ngasempuma-ntshona: kunye neCream Channel, ixhuma kwi-Atlantic Ocean (umda oqhelekileyo ukusuka eKapa Drake ukuya eKapa Shternek).
• Emazantsi-mpuma: udibana neLwandle lwase-Indiya (umda ongummiselo osuka kwisiqithi saseTasmania kunye nendawo emfutshane kakhulu, kwindawo ebonakalayo kwimida yase-Antarctica).

Ngxondorha yaMngeni

Iimpawu zendawo ye-Pacific zivumela ukuba sikhulume ngamanqaku akhe ahlukileyo, ebonisa umgama ukusuka emzantsi ukuya emanzini. Ubunzulu obunzulu boLwandle lwasePacific, kunye neLwandle lonke lehlabathi lonke, malunga ne-11 km. Le ngqungquthela itholakala kwiMariana Trench, ebuye, ibekwe kwindawo engasentshona yommandla wamanzi, kungekude nakwiiqithi zegama elinye.

Inzame yokuqala yokulinganisa ubunzulu bomgudu wazama ngo-1875 ngoncedo lwesiNgesi Corvette Challenger. Kule nto, isantya samanzi esisisiseko sasetyenziselwa (isistim esikhethekileyo sokulinganisa umgama ukuya ngasezantsi). Isalathisi sokuqala esibhaliweyo ngexesha lokuphonononga umsele kwakuyimpawu engaphezu kwama-8 000 m. Ngo-1957, i-Soviet expedition yathatha ubungakanani bokuba bunzulu. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zomsebenzi owenziweyo, idatha yezifundo zangaphambili zatshintshiwe. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba izazinzulu zethu zisondele kwixabiso langempela. Ubunzulu bomgubo, ngokwemiphumo yemilinganiselo, yayingu-11 023 m. Le nani yayicatshulwa ngokuchanekileyo ixesha elide, kwaye kwiincwadi zokufunda kunye neencwadi zezifundo zaboniswa njengendawo ejulile yomhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, sele sele sele i-2000s, ngenxa yokubonakala kwezixhobo ezichanekileyo ezincedisayo ekuncedeni ukuqonda amanqanaba ahlukeneyo, okwangoku, ubunzulu obuchanekileyo bomgudu wawusetyenziswe kwi-10,994 m (ngokweengxelo ze-2011). Le ngongoma yeMariana Trench ibizwa ngokuba yi-"The Challenger's Abyss". Eyingqayizivele kwaye ngokukodwa indawo yendawo yoLwandle lwasePacific.

Umthamo ngokwawo udibene kwiiqithi malunga ne-1,500 km. Inemithambeka ebukhali kunye nomgangatho ophantsi, udibanisa i-1.5 km. Uxinzelelo obunzulu beMariana Trench lunamathuba amaninzi aphindwe kabini ngaphezu kwezona zincinci. Kwakukho uxinzelelo ekuhlanganisweni kwamacwecwe amabini e-tectonic - ePhilippines nasePacific.

Ezinye iindawo

Ekufuphi kweMariana Trench kukho inani leemimandla yenguqu ukusuka kwinqanaba ukuya elwandle: i-Aleutian, isiJapan, iKuril-Kamchatka, iTonga-Kermadec nabanye. Zonke zifumaneka kunye neefayile zeetectonic. Lo mmandla ngowona mandla kakhulu. Kanye kunye neengingqi zempuphu kwimimandla (kwimimandla yeentaba zentshona-ntshona yamazwekazi aseMerika), zenza i-volcanic fire ring. Uninzi lwezifundo ezikhoyo kunye nezokuphela zendawo zifumaneka kwimida yazo.

Ulwandle

Inkcazo yendawo yokuhlala yeLwandle lwasePacific kufuneka ukuba ixhalabele ulwandle. Kwiimida eziselunxwemeni lolwandle kukho inani elikhulu kakhulu. Bakhankanya ngaphezulu kwiNyakatho yeHlabathi, ecaleni konxweme lwe-Eurasia. Bangaphezulu kwama-20, kunye nommandla wendawo (kubandakanywa imida kunye neendawo) ezigidi ezingama-31 km ² . Amanxweme amakhulu eNxweme yasePacific yiOkhotsk, Barents, Yellow, South kunye naseMpumalanga yeChina, ePhilippines nakwabanye. Ephantse kummandla wonxweme we-Antarctica ngamanzi amahlanu asePacifi (uRoss, Durville, Somov, njl.). Inxweme esempuma yolwandle ifanelana, ulwandle luyanqunyulwa, kunzima ukufikelela kwaye alukwazi ukufikelela elwandle. Nangona kunjalo, kukho i-3 gulfs apha-ePanama, eCalifornia naseAlaska.

IIqhingi

Enyanisweni, inkcazo ecacileyo yendawo yokuhlala yeLwandle lwasePacific iquka into enjalo njengomlinganiselo omkhulu womhlaba ophantsi ngqo kummandla wamanzi. Kukho iziqithi ezili-10 zeeqithi kunye neziqithi eziqingqiweyo zobukhulu nobukhulu obuhlukeneyo. Uninzi lwabo luyi-volcanic. Zifumaneka kwiindawo ezisezantsi zendawo kunye nezolimo. Equlunqwe ukuqhuma kwe-volcanic, ezininzi iziqithi zineekorale. Emva koko, abanye babo baphinde baphantsi kwamanzi, kwaye phezu komhlaba kwakukho kuphela i-coral layer. Ngokuqhelekileyo unesimo sesangqa okanye semicircle. Isiqithi esinjalo sibizwa ngokuba yinqanaba. Elona likhulu kunomda weMarshall Islands - Kwajlane.

Kulo mmandla wamanzi, ngaphezu kwezona ziqithi ezincinci zemvelaphi ye-volcanic ne-coral, kukho imimandla emikhulu yomhlaba weplanethi. Oku kuyinto engokwemvelo, inikwe indawo ye-Pacific Ocean. INew Guinea naseKalimantan ziqithi zentshona-ntshona yamanzi. Ngokulandelanayo bahlala kwindawo yesi-2 kunye no-3 kwindawo ejikeleze ihlabathi. Kwakhona kwiLwandle lwasePacific yiyona ndawo ikhulu kakhulu yeeplanethi - i-Great Sunda Islands, ezineendawo ezi-4 ezinkulu zomhlaba kunye namancinci angaphezu kwe-1.