U-Elbrus uyintaba e-Greater Caucasus

U-Elbrus uyintaba eyazi kakuhle indlela yokuthabatha, kwaye njengabagibeli abafuna ukuyisa enye intaba, kunye nabahamba ngokuqhelekileyo abahamba ngeenyawo unyaka ngamnye ukuze bazive onke amandla kunye namandla enqabileyo yamatye. Yaye ke, akukho mntu udimazekile.

Eli nqaku liza kuxela nje ngeentaba ze-Elbrus, kodwa kwakhona ziya kubazisa abafundi ngeempawu zalo, igama eliyimfihlo, iimbali kunye neengcamango.

Icandelo 1. Inkcazo epheleleyo yendawo yendawo

U-Elbrus - intaba, ngokufanelekileyo wayeyicinga indawo ephakamileyo yeRussian Federation, ihlala kwindawo esenyakatho ye-Greater Caucasus Range, emngceleni weKarachaevo-Cherkessia naseKabardino-Balkaria.

Ngenxa yokuba akukho mda ochanekileyo phakathi kweYurophu neAsia, intaba ngamanye amaxesha ilingana neyona ntlanzi yeNtaba yaseYurophu kwaye ihlelwa njenge "Iintlanzi ezisixhenxe". Mhlawumbi, ixesha elithile liza kudlula kwaye izazi-geographer zizakugqiba le mpikiswano, kodwa ixesha liyaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba u-Elbrus uyintaba, okubizwa ngokuba yi-two-summit stratovolcano. Iintsika zayo ezinemilo zenziwe ngeqonga le-volcanic yamandulo, kwaye ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga kwimihlaba, iziqithi zombini ziyi-volcano ezizimeleyo, enye leyo inehlobo lwangaphakathi kunye nekratshi ehlukileyo.

Iintaba zaseCaucasus ... U-Elbrus ... Ezi ndawo ziyaziwayo edume ngembali yazo yakudala. Bambalwa abantu bayazi ukuba ubudala bunqunywe ngumbuso wecandelo eliphezulu, okomzekelo, lonakaliswe ngephoso ephezulu kwindawo ephezulu eRashiya. Kwakunokwenzeka ukuseka kunye nomhla wokuqhuma kokugqibela: kwenzeka malunga nama-50s. E.

Icandelo 2. Imfihlelo yegama le nqanaba

Mhlawumbi, kumbuzo weNtaba ye-Mount Elbrus, nangona unengcamango encinane, kodwa umfundi oqhelekileyo wemfundo uya kuphinda aphendule, kodwa into encinci iyaziwa nge-etymology yegama.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le vertex inamagama amaninzi kwangoko. Kuphelele, kukho ngaphezulu kweyeshumi elinanye.

Okwangoku, kunzima ukuchonga ukuba yeyiphi yamagama abonakala ngaphambili, kwaye emva koko. Igama langoku lale ntaba, ngokwemiqathango enye, livela kwi-Iranian "Aytibares", ebizwa ngesiRashiya ithetha "intaba ephakamileyo" okanye "inqabileyo" (iZend iilwimi ezahlukeneyo). Intaba yaseKarachay-Balkar ibizwa ngokuba yi "Mingi-tau", eguqulelwa kwisiRashiya njenge "intaba yeenkulungwane". Nangona kunjalo, kukho iiBalkari ezizibiza ngokungafaniyo - "iMinge-tau", oku kuthetha "intaba ekhonkxwe". Abameli banamhlanje beli hlanga basoloko bathi "Elbrus-tau" - "intaba ejikeleze kuyo umoya".

Phakathi kwamagama amaninzi e-stratovolcano, igama elithi "Jinpadishah" likwahluke kakhulu, ekuguquleleni kolwimi lwesiTurkic luvakala ngathi "umphathi wemimoya", "i-Orphi-tub" (Abkhazian) - "intaba yentsikelelo", okanye "Yal-buz" (isiGeorgia) Mane. "

Icandelo 3. Yintoni ukuphakama kweNtaba i-Elbrus?

Mhlawumbi, ubuncinane kanye kanye ebomini bam lo mbuzo unomdla abantu abaninzi abanomdla. Kodwa impendulo kuyo ayiyinto elula njengoko ibonakala ngathi ukuqala. Kutheni? Konke malunga neenkcukacha zayo zesakhiwo.

Njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngasentla, u-Elbrus uyintaba enemihlathi emibini eneenkompe. Ukuphakama kwentshona kunamamitha angama-5642, kunye neempuma-5,621 amitha. Ikhefu elibahlukanisayo liphakama ngaphezu komhlaba ngamamitha ama-5300, kwaye umgama ukususela omnye komnye ungama-3000 wamitha.

Ngokuqala, ubukhulu buka-Elbrus bubekwe ngumfundi waseRussia uVK Vishnevsky ngo-1813.

Khumbula ukuba namhlanje intaba ephakamileyo ehlabathini yiNtaba i-Everest (iJomolungma), ubude bayo buyii-8848 kumitha, xa kuqhathaniswa neentaba zeentaba zibukeka ezincinci.

Icandelo 4. Ubunzima beNgingqi

INtaba i-Elbrus ... I-ascente ukuya kwintlanganiso yayo iphupha lamaphupha azintaba kunye nabaqalayo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunakwenziwa nanini na. Eyona nto ihle kakhulu yihlobo lehlobo, ngoJulayi-Agasti.

Ngelo xesha, imozulu yindawo ezinzileyo kwaye ikhuselekileyo ukutyelela ezo ndawo. Iqondo lokushisa lomoya ehlobo lisoloko lingaphantsi kwe -9 ° C, nangona lingahle liye kwi -30 ° C ngexesha lokunyuka.

Ukususela ngoOktobha ukuya kuApreli kukho ubusika obunzima obubandayo kule ndawo. Kwixesha elibandayo, ukutyelela intlanzi akunakwenzeka, kwaye ukunyuka kuyafana nokuzibulala.

Icandelo 5. Umsebenzi we-Volcanic

U-Elbrus uyamangalisa kwaye uyingqayizivele. Inkcazo yeentaba ithatha ixesha elininzi, kuba yonke imihla kukho izinto ezinomdla ngakumbi.

Kule nqaku, siza kubhala kuphela into efihliweyo. Ucwaningo lwe-Geological of this volcano ephela lubonise ubukho beendawo eziqukethe umlotha oshayayo, owakhiwa ngenxa yokuqhuma kwexesha elidala. Ngokomgaqo wokuqala, izazinzulu ziye zafakazela ukuba ukuqhuma kokuqala kuka-Elbrus kwenzeka malunga nama-45 eyiminyaka edluleyo. Isalathisi sesibini sakha emva kokuqhuma kwe-volcano yeKazbek. Kwenzeke malunga neminyaka eyi-40 eyiminyaka edlulileyo.

Ngoku kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba emva kwesi sibini, unamandla kuninzi, nangemilinganiselo yanamhlanje, ukukhuphuka, i-Neanderthals, eyayihlala emaphandleni, yashiya la mazwe kwaye yaya kukhangela izimo ezintle zobomi.

Ukuqhutyelwa kwe-volcano yase-Elbrus kwakutshanje kwenzeka malunga nama-2000 edlulileyo (50s AD).

Icandelo 6. Imithetho ka-Elbrus

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iMountain Caucasus, u-Elbrus ngokukhethekileyo, ivulelwe kwiimbali ezininzi ezintle kunye ezimangalisayo kunye neengcali.

Enye yale mibali ichaza ukuba ngamaxesha amandulo kwakukho uyise kunye nendodana - uKazbek no-Elbrus. Bobabini bathandana nentombazana enhle egama linguMask. Kuphela intombazana ayikwazanga ukwenza ukhetho phakathi kwamaqhawe azukileyo. Kwangexesha elide ubaba kunye nendodana bekhuphisana, bengathandi ukuvelana, kwaye i-duel ebulalayo yavela phakathi kwabo. Akulwa de u-Elbrus watsho uyise. Kodwa, eqonda isenzo sakhe esibuhlungu, unyana wakhe wajika ehluthe. Wayengasayithandi uthando olwalufumene ubomi bomntu othandekayo, yaye u-Elbrus wabuya kwi-Mashuk enhle, kamva kamva, ngokuzibetha ngendoda eyayibulala uyise.

I-Beautiful Mashuk ende kwaye ibuhlungu ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yamakhondla kwaye yathi emhlabeni wonke kwakungekho na maqhawe, kwaye kunzima kuye ukuba aphile emhlabeni ngaphandle kokubona.

Ukuva unkulunkulu wokububula kwakhe, wajika uKagbekbek no-Elbrus ezintabeni eziphakamileyo, ezintle kwaye ziphakamileyo eCaucasus ayikho. Ubuhle uMask wajika waba yintaba encinane. Kwaye ngoku ukususela kwiinkulungwane ukuya kwiinkulungwane, imihla ngemihla, kukho intombazana yamatye kwaye ibhekise kwiintsika ezinamandla, kwaye ungagqibi ukuba ngubani na onamaqhawe amabili esondele kwaye unobomi beentliziyo zakhe ...

Icandelo 7. Imbali yokunqoba okukhulu

Ngowe-1829, ekhokelwa yintloko yentambo yesayensi, uGeorge Emmanuel, owokuqala u-Elbrus wenziwa. Amalungu alo mjelo ayenabo abameli bezenzululwazi: ii-physicists, botanists, zoologists, geologists, njl. Banqoba inxalenye yempuma ye-Elbrus baze bangena embali njengabavulindlela besinye sezona ndawo ziphakamileyo zePlanethi yethu.

Ookuqala ukunyuka u-Elbrus Kilar Khachirov - umqhubi. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, intaba ephakamileyo yale ntaba yahlulwa - intshona. Uhambo, oluhlelwe ngabalimi beNgesi, lukhokelwa nguFlorence Grove, lwahamba umda ukuya entshona-ntshona ka-Elbrus ngo-1874. Umntu wokuqala oye wenyuka phezulu, naye, wayengumqhubi, lo Balkar, uAhii Sottaev - uthatha inxaxheba kwindlela yokuqala yokuhamba.

Kamva, kubonakala indoda eyakwazi ukuyisa iintsika ze-Elbrus. Kwakuyi-Russian Paspokhov yaseRussia. Ngowe-1890 wakwazi ukunyuka waya kwintshona-ntshona, kwaye ngo-1896 - ukuya empuma. Umntu ofanayo wenza iimephu ezicacileyo zika-Elbrus.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kude kube ngoku, i-stratovolcano yintaba eyaziwayo kakhulu phakathi kwabakhwela bevela kwihlabathi lonke. Ukwenza umgangatho wokuphakama kwawo, abaqhubi bachitha ixesha eliphakathi kweveki enye.

Kodwa kwixesha lethu ungasebenzisa imoto yekhebula, eyinceda kakhulu uhambo kwaye ilondoloze ixesha.

Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo malunga ne-3,750 m kukho indawo yokukhusela "Iingqungquthela", apho ukunyuka kwe-Elbrus ngoku qhe qalisa khona. Kule ndawo yokukhusela kuneendlela ezinqamlekileyo ezinqamleziweyo kunye nekhitshi ekhethekileyo. Kwinqanaba leemitha ezingama-4100 yihotele ephakamileyo yeentaba zehlabathi - "indawo yokuhlala elishumi elinanye."

Icandelo 8. Amakhowe e-Rock e-Elbrus

U-Elbrus uyintaba enokubangela abahamba ngeempawu zendalo, ngokomzekelo, iiflethi zodwa ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Stone fungi.

Kuze kube ngoku, akukho mntu uyazi ukuba kutheni la matye abizwa ngamakhowe ngabantu, kwaye akukho ndawo eCaucasus ezi zixhobo azibonwanga. Kwindawo encinane yeplati (250 x 100 m), iindidi ezininzi "ezinjalo" zinokutshatyalaliswa ngokucacileyo. Emininzi yazo uyakubona ukucima.

Mhlawumbi, ootata basebenzisa iinjongo ezithile. Eyona nto ibangalisa ngamatye afana nobuso obheka phezulu. Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba le ndawo yomelele ngamandla, kwaye nangona isimo sezulu apha sibi kakhulu.

Icandelo 9. iMyuziyam yoKhuselo kwiNgingqi ye-Elbrus

Iimyuziyam zoKhuselo yimbonakude yeyona ndawo ephakamileyo kakhulu kumhlaba wonke. Itholakala kwindawo ephakamileyo yamamitha angama-3 500 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ubungqina bobuboniso bukho nakwimeko yokuba ayifaki kwisakhiwo, kodwa uyaqhubeka kwindawo ejikelezileyo.

Eli liziko liye lasebenza ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 1972. Uphuhliso lwakhe kunye nokugcinwa kweqoqo zihlala zihlolwe ngumsebenzi wesayensi kunye nabasebenzi ababini.

Iqoqo iqukethe izinto ezingaphezu kwe-270. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, intaba ephezulu yeentaba yayikuloo ndawo yase-Elbrus. Kule ndawo zalwa iimfazwe eziphambili zentaba, apho amaNazi azama ukubamba ukuze afinyelele iTranscaucasia.

Iifoto-zithombe zezo ganeko zigcinwe kule minyuziyamu iminyaka emininzi. Imyuziyam yoKhuselo yendawo yase-Elbrus yintlangano yokuthotyelwa kommandla, apho umsebenzi wenkcubeko nobunzima uqhutyelwa khona.

Icandelo 10. Iinkalo ezinomdla malunga nentaba

• Ngomnyaka we-1956, ngokuhlonipha iminyaka eyi-400 yaseKabardino-Balkaria, iqela labagibeli abangama-400 liyakwazi ukunyuka iNtaba i-Elbrus ngexesha elinye.
• Ngo-1998, isakhiwo se hotele "Indawo yokuhlala yabalishumi elinanye" yatshiswa emlilweni. Ukwangoku, kwisiza sakhiwo esidala samatye, iziphathimandla zendawo zakha enye entsha.
• Ngo-1991, iMagazini yangaphandle, indlu yangasese ye-Shelter ye-Eleventh, yabonwa njengeyindlu yangasese eyona ndawo. Oku akumangalisi, kunikezelwa ukuba amawaka abavakhenkethi beentaba kunye nabanyukayo bevela kwihlabathi lonke baye basebenzisa le ndawo iminyaka ngeenjongo ezithile.
• U-Elbrus ubhekwa ngokufanelekileyo ngenye yezona ndawo eziyingozi kakhulu zehlabathi. Xa ukhuphukela entabeni, izingozi zihlala zifumaneka. Kuphela ngo-2004, ama-48 ase-skiers-extremals kunye nabaqhweleyo babulawa.
• Ngo-1997, ngokokuqala ngqa kwi-summit ka-Elbrus, imoto ye-Land Rover eyayixhotyiswe ngokukhethekileyo kwaye yatshintshwa. Indoda egijimayo le moto ngumhambi waseRashiya u-A. Abramov.
• INtaba i-Elbrus yenye yeZiqendu ezi-sixhenxe, ngaphezu kwoluhlu lwazo: i-Aconcagua eMzantsi Melika, iJomolungma e-Asia, uMcKinley eNyakatho Melika, iMassif Vinson e-Antarctica, eKalmanjaro e-Afrika, ePunchak naseJaya e-Oceania nase-Australia.
• U-Elbrus unama-glaciers angama-22, apho imilambo emithathu ivela khona : Kuban, Baksan naseMalka.
• Ngamanye amaxesha ukusuka phezulu kweNtaba i-Elbrus abakhwela banokubona kwangoko i-Black and Caspian. Kuxhomekeke kwingcinezelo kunye nobushushu bomoya, ngenxa yokuba irejista yombono iyanda kakhulu.
• Ngonyaka ka-2008, iNtaba i-Elbrus yaqatshelwa njengenye yeeNqweno ezisixhenxe zeRashiya.